# 本程序亲测有效,用于理解爬虫相关的基础知识，不足之处希望大家批评指正
from queue import Queue
import requests
from lxml import etree
from threading import Thread
"""爬取目标：http://www.qiushibaike.com/8hr/page/1
用多线程实现
"""
class QiuShi:
def __init__(self):
# url和headers
self.base_url = 'http://www.qiushibaike.com/8hr/page/{}'
self.headers = 'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/70.0.3538.67 Safari/537.36'
# 定义队列，用来传递数据
self.url_queue = Queue()
self.request_queue = Queue()
self.html_queue = Queue()
def get_url_list(self):
"""获取所有的url"""
for i in range(1, 14):
target_url = self.base_url.format(i)
print(target_url)
self.url_queue.put(target_url)
def request_url(self):
"""向url发起请求"""
while True:
target_url = self.url_queue.get()
response = requests.get(target_url, self.headers)
self.request_queue.put(response)
self.url_queue.task_done()
def get_content(self):
"""获取数据"""
while True:
html_text = self.request_queue.get().content.decode()
html = etree.HTML(html_text)
div_list = html.xpath('//div[@id="content-left"]/div')
content_list = []
for div in div_list:
item = {}
item['author'] = div.xpath('.//h2/text()')[0].strip()
item['content'] = div.xpath('.//span/text()')[0].strip()
print(item)
content_list.append(item)
self.html_queue.put(content_list)
self.request_queue.task_done()
def save_data(self):
"""保存入库"""
while True:
data_list = self.html_queue.get()
for data in data_list:
with open('qiushi.text', 'a+') as f:
f.write(str(data))
f.write('\r\n')
self.html_queue.task_done()
def main(self):
"""主程序逻辑"""
# 定义一个线程收集器，用于收集线程
thread_list = []
# 1.获取url
self.get_url_list()
# 2.请求url
t_request_url = Thread(target=self.request_url)
thread_list.append(t_request_url)
# 3.获取数据任务比较重，用四个线程去跑
# for worker in range(4):
t_get_content = Thread(target=self.get_content)
thread_list.append(t_get_content)
# 4.保存入库
t_save_data = Thread(target=self.save_data)
thread_list.append(t_save_data)
# 将收集器中的线程全部跑起来
for s in thread_list:
s.start() # 开启线程
# 当所有队列中的任务完成了，回收线程
for i in [self.url_queue,self.request_queue,self.html_queue]:
i.join()
print("主线程结束")
if __name__ == '__main__':
qiushi = QiuShi()
qiushi.main()