简介
- 对于
httpclient，相信很多人或多或少接触过，对于httpclient的使用姿势，相信很多人会有疑问？下面这边会通过代码说明
package xxx;
import org.apache.commons.codec.Charsets;
import org.apache.http.HeaderElement;
import org.apache.http.HeaderElementIterator;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.client.protocol.HttpClientContext;
import org.apache.http.conn.ConnectionKeepAliveStrategy;
import org.apache.http.conn.HttpClientConnectionManager;
import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicHeaderElementIterator;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.protocol.HTTP;
import org.apache.http.protocol.HttpContext;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class HttpClientUtil implements AutoCloseable {
private volatile static HttpClientUtil httpClientUtil;
private final CloseableHttpClient httpClient;
private final PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager connMgr;
private final ThreadLocal<HttpClientContext> httpContext = ThreadLocal.withInitial(HttpClientContext::create);
private final IdleConnectionEvictThread evictThread;
public HttpClientUtil() {
// 自定义keep-alive策略，keep-alive使得tcp连接可以被复用。
// 但默认的keep-alive时长为无穷大，不符合现实，所以需要改写，定义一个更短的时间
// 如果服务器http响应头包含 "Keep-Alive:timeout=" ，则使用timeout=后面指定的值作为keep-alive的时长，否则默认60秒
ConnectionKeepAliveStrategy strategy = (httpResponse, httpContext) -> {
HeaderElementIterator it = new BasicHeaderElementIterator(httpResponse.headerIterator(HTTP.CONN_KEEP_ALIVE));
while (it.hasNext()) {
HeaderElement he = it.nextElement();
String param = he.getName();
String value = he.getValue();
if (value != null && param.equalsIgnoreCase("timeout")) {
return Long.parseLong(value) * 1000;
}
}
return 60 * 1000;
};
// 自定义连接池，连接池可以连接可以使连接可以被复用。
// 连接的复用需要满足：Keep-alive + 连接池。keep-alive使得连接能够保持存活，不被系统销毁；连接池使得连接可以被程序重复引用
// 默认的连接池，DefaultMaxPerRoute只有5个，MaxTotal只有10个，不满足实际的生产需求
connMgr = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager();
// 最大连接数500
connMgr.setMaxTotal(500);
// 同一个ip:port的请求，最大连接数200
connMgr.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(200);
// 启动线程池空闲连接、超时连接监控线程
evictThread = new IdleConnectionEvictThread(connMgr);
evictThread.start();
// 定义请求超时配置
RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom()
.setConnectionRequestTimeout(5000) // 从连接池里获取连接的超时时间
.setConnectTimeout(2000) // 建立TCP的超时时间
.setSocketTimeout(10000) // 读取数据包的超时时间
.build();
httpClient = HttpClients.custom()
.setConnectionManager(connMgr)
.setKeepAliveStrategy(strategy)
.setDefaultRequestConfig(requestConfig)
.build();
}
/**
* 因为HttpClient是线程安全的，可以提供给多个线程复用，同时连接池的存证的目的就是为了可以复用连接，所以提供单例模式
*/
private static class HttpClientUtilHolder {
private static final HttpClientUtil INSTANCE = new HttpClientUtil();
}
public static HttpClientUtil getInstance() {
return HttpClientUtilHolder.INSTANCE;
}
public PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager getConnMgr() {
return connMgr;
}
public HttpContext getHttpContext() {
return httpContext.get();
}
public CloseableHttpClient getHttpClient() {
return httpClient;
}
/**
* http get操作
* @param url 请求地址
* @param headers 请求头
* @return 返回响应内容
*/
public String get(String url, Map<String, String> headers) {
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url);
if (headers != null) {
for (Map.Entry<String, String> header : headers.entrySet()) {
httpGet.setHeader(header.getKey(), header.getValue());
}
}
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
try {
response = httpClient.execute(httpGet, httpContext.get());
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
return EntityUtils.toString(entity, Charsets.UTF_8);
} catch (Exception ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (response != null) {
try {
//上面的EntityUtils.toString会调用inputStream.close(),进而也会触发连接释放回连接池，但因为httpClient.execute可能抛异常，所以得在finally显示调一次，确保连接一定被释放
response.close();
} catch (IOException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
return null;
}
/**
* form表单post
*
* @param url 请求地址
* @param params 参数内容
* @param headers http头信息
* @return http文本格式响应内容
*/
public String postWithForm(String url, Map<String, String> params, Map<String, String> headers) {
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
if (headers != null) {
for (Map.Entry<String, String> header : headers.entrySet()) {
httpPost.setHeader(header.getKey(), header.getValue());
}
}
List<NameValuePair> formParams = new ArrayList<>();
if (params != null) {
for (Map.Entry<String, String> param : params.entrySet()) {
formParams.add(new BasicNameValuePair(param.getKey(), param.getValue()));
}
}
UrlEncodedFormEntity formEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(formParams, Charsets.UTF_8);
httpPost.setEntity(formEntity);
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
try {
response = httpClient.execute(httpPost, httpContext.get());
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
return EntityUtils.toString(entity, Charsets.UTF_8);
} catch (Exception ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (response != null) {
try {
response.close();
} catch (IOException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
return null;
}
/**
* json内容post
*
* @param url 请求地址
* @param data json报文
* @param headers http头
* @return http文本格式响应内容
*/
public String postWithBody(String url, String data, Map<String, String> headers) {
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
if (headers != null) {
for (Map.Entry<String, String> header : headers.entrySet()) {
httpPost.setHeader(header.getKey(), header.getValue());
}
}
StringEntity stringEntity = new StringEntity(data, ContentType.create("plain/text", Charsets.UTF_8));
httpPost.setEntity(stringEntity);
httpPost.setHeader("Content-type", "application/json");
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
try {
response = httpClient.execute(httpPost, httpContext.get());
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
return EntityUtils.toString(entity, Charsets.UTF_8);
} catch (Exception ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (response != null) {
try {
response.close();
} catch (IOException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
return null;
}
/**
* HttpClientUtil类回收时，通过httpClient.close()，可以间接的关闭连接池，从而关闭连接池持有的所有tcp连接
* 与response.close()的区别：response.close()只是把某个请求持有的tcp连接放回连接池，而httpClient().close()是销毁整个连接池
*
* @throws IOException
*/
@Override
public void close() throws IOException {
httpClient.close();
evictThread.shutdown();
}
/**
* 定义一个连接监控线程类，用以从连接池里关闭过期的连接（即服务器已经关闭的连接），以及在30秒内处于空闲的连接；每5秒钟处理一次
*/
static class IdleConnectionEvictThread extends Thread {
private final HttpClientConnectionManager connMgr;
private volatile boolean shutdown;
public IdleConnectionEvictThread(HttpClientConnectionManager connMgr) {
super();
this.connMgr = connMgr;
setDaemon(true);
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
while (!shutdown) {
synchronized (this) {
wait(5000);
connMgr.closeExpiredConnections();
connMgr.closeIdleConnections(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
}
}
} catch (InterruptedException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* 关闭监控线程
*/
public void shutdown() {
shutdown = true;
// 监控线程可能还处于wait()状态，通过notifyAll()唤醒，及时退出while循环
synchronized (this) {
notifyAll();
}
}
}
}
参考书籍：httpclient-tutorial.pdf