shiro是apache的一个java安全框架
可以完成认证,授权,加密,会话管理,基于web继承,缓存等
功能简介:
从外部来看:
shiro架构
Subject:主体,代表了当前“用户”,这个用户不一定是一个具体的人,与当前应用交互的任何东西都是Subject,如网络爬虫,机器人等;即一个抽象概念;所有Subject都绑定到SecurityManager,与Subject的所有交互都会委托给SecurityManager;可以把Subject认为是一个门面;SecurityManager才是实际的执行者;
SecurityManager:安全管理器;即所有与安全有关的操作都会与SecurityManager交互;且它管理着所有Subject;可以看出它是Shiro的核心,它负责与后边介绍的其他组件进行交互,如果学习过SpringMVC,你可以把它看成DispatcherServlet前端控制器;
Realm:域,Shiro从从Realm获取安全数据(如用户、角色、权限),就是说SecurityManager要验证用户身份,那么它需要从Realm获取相应的用户进行比较以确定用户身份是否合法;也需要从Realm得到用户相应的角色/权限进行验证用户是否能进行操作;可以把Realm看成DataSource,即安全数据源。
从内部看:
Subject:主体,可以看到主体可以是任何可以与应用交互的“用户”;
SecurityManager:相当于SpringMVC中的DispatcherServlet或者Struts2中的FilterDispatcher;是Shiro的心脏;所有具体的交互都通过SecurityManager进行控制;它管理着所有Subject、且负责进行认证和授权、及会话、缓存的管理。
Authenticator:认证器,负责主体认证的,这是一个扩展点,如果用户觉得Shiro默认的不好,可以自定义实现;其需要认证策略(Authentication Strategy),即什么情况下算用户认证通过了;
Authrizer:授权器,或者访问控制器,用来决定主体是否有权限进行相应的操作;即控制着用户能访问应用中的哪些功能;
Realm:可以有1个或多个Realm,可以认为是安全实体数据源,即用于获取安全实体的;可以是JDBC实现,也可以是LDAP实现,或者内存实现等等;由用户提供;注意:Shiro不知道你的用户/权限存储在哪及以何种格式存储;所以我们一般在应用中都需要实现自己的Realm;
SessionManager:如果写过Servlet就应该知道Session的概念,Session呢需要有人去管理它的生命周期,这个组件就是SessionManager;而Shiro并不仅仅可以用在Web环境,也可以用在如普通的JavaSE环境、EJB等环境;所有呢,Shiro就抽象了一个自己的Session来管理主体与应用之间交互的数据;这样的话,比如我们在Web环境用,刚开始是一台Web服务器;接着又上了台EJB服务器;这时想把两台服务器的会话数据放到一个地方,这个时候就可以实现自己的分布式会话(如把数据放到Memcached服务器);
SessionDAO:DAO大家都用过,数据访问对象,用于会话的CRUD,比如我们想把Session保存到数据库,那么可以实现自己的SessionDAO,通过如JDBC写到数据库;比如想把Session放到Memcached中,可以实现自己的Memcached SessionDAO;另外SessionDAO中可以使用Cache进行缓存,以提高性能;
CacheManager:缓存控制器,来管理如用户、角色、权限等的缓存的;因为这些数据基本上很少去改变,放到缓存中后可以提高访问的性能
Cryptography:密码模块,Shiro提高了一些常见的加密组件用于如密码加密/解密的。
下载地址:
http://shiro.apache.org/download.html
HellowWord:
package cn.com.MrChengs.helloword;
/*
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
* or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
* distributed with this work for additional information
* regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
* to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
* "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
* with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
* software distributed under the License is distributed on an
* "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
* KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
* specific language governing permissions and limitations
* under the License.
*/ import org.apache.shiro.SecurityUtils;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.*;
import org.apache.shiro.config.IniSecurityManagerFactory;
import org.apache.shiro.mgt.SecurityManager;
import org.apache.shiro.session.Session;
import org.apache.shiro.subject.Subject;
import org.apache.shiro.util.Factory;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; /**
* Simple Quickstart application showing how to use Shiro's API.
*
* @since 0.9 RC2
*/
public class Quickstart { private static final transient Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Quickstart.class); public static void main(String[] args) { // The easiest way to create a Shiro SecurityManager with configured
// realms, users, roles and permissions is to use the simple INI config.
// We'll do that by using a factory that can ingest a .ini file and
// return a SecurityManager instance: // Use the shiro.ini file at the root of the classpath
// (file: and url: prefixes load from files and urls respectively):
Factory<SecurityManager> factory = new IniSecurityManagerFactory("classpath:shiro.ini");
SecurityManager securityManager = factory.getInstance(); // for this simple example quickstart, make the SecurityManager
// accessible as a JVM singleton. Most applications wouldn't do this
// and instead rely on their container configuration or web.xml for
// webapps. That is outside the scope of this simple quickstart, so
// we'll just do the bare minimum so you can continue to get a feel
// for things.
SecurityUtils.setSecurityManager(securityManager); // Now that a simple Shiro environment is set up, let's see what you can do: // get the currently executing user:
//获取当前的subject
//调用SecurityUtils.getSubject();
Subject currentUser = SecurityUtils.getSubject(); // Do some stuff with a Session (no need for a web or EJB container!!!)
//测试使用session
//首先获取session:currentUser.getSession();
//
Session session = currentUser.getSession();
session.setAttribute("someKey", "aValue");
String value = (String) session.getAttribute("someKey");
if (value.equals("aValue")) {
log.info("--->Retrieved the correct value! [" + value + "]");
} // let's login the current user so we can check against roles and permissions:
//测试当前用户是否已经被认证,即是否已经登陆
//调用subject的isAuthenticated() if (!currentUser.isAuthenticated()) {
//把用户名和密码封装为UsernamePasswordToken对象
UsernamePasswordToken token = new UsernamePasswordToken("lonestarr", "vespa");
token.setRememberMe(true);
try {
//执行登陆
currentUser.login(token);
}
//若没有指定的消息,则shiro会抛出UnknownAccountException异常
catch (UnknownAccountException uae) {
log.info("There is no user with username of " + token.getPrincipal());
}
//若账户存在,但是密码不匹配则抛出IncorrectCredentialsException
catch (IncorrectCredentialsException ice) {
log.info("Password for account " + token.getPrincipal() + " was incorrect!");
}
//用户被锁定的异常
catch (LockedAccountException lae) {
log.info("The account for username " + token.getPrincipal() + " is locked. " +
"Please contact your administrator to unlock it.");
}
// ... catch more exceptions here (maybe custom ones specific to your application?
//所有认证时的异常父类
catch (AuthenticationException ae) {
//unexpected condition? error?
}
} //say who they are:
//print their identifying principal (in this case, a username):
log.info("User [" + currentUser.getPrincipal() + "] logged in successfully."); //test a role:
//测试是否有某一个角色
if (currentUser.hasRole("schwartz")) {
log.info("May the Schwartz be with you!");
} else {
log.info("Hello, mere mortal.");
} //test a typed permission (not instance-level)
//测试是否具有某一个行为
if (currentUser.isPermitted("lightsaber:weild")) {
log.info("You may use a lightsaber ring. Use it wisely.");
} else {
log.info("Sorry, lightsaber rings are for schwartz masters only.");
} //a (very powerful) Instance Level permission:
//测试用户是否具备某一个行为
if (currentUser.isPermitted("winnebago:drive:eagle5")) {
log.info("You are permitted to 'drive' the winnebago with license plate (id) 'eagle5'. " +
"Here are the keys - have fun!");
} else {
log.info("Sorry, you aren't allowed to drive the 'eagle5' winnebago!");
} //all done - log out!
//执行登出
currentUser.logout();
}
运行即可体验shiro的简单功能....