http://blog.csdn.net/kingstar158/article/details/8028635
由于工作需要,针对千万级别的数据,使用stl::map着实存在着效率问题,最后使用boost::unordered_map替代前者,发现效率上有很大的提升,但是还是无法达到我们的需求;
stl::map 底层算法:B+tree 实现
boost::unordered_map 底层算法:hash 实现
所以可能要针对不同的数据类型编写hash function来优化查找和插入的效率,自己编写,着实没有这个实力,只有在google上来寻找先辈们的精妙算法来借鉴:
常用字符串哈希函数有BKDRHash,APHash,DJBHash,JSHash,RSHash,SDBMHash,PJWHash,ELFHash等等;
有前辈做了评测:如下
ash函数 | 数据1 | 数据2 | 数据3 | 数据4 | 数据1得分 | 数据2得分 | 数据3得分 | 数据4得分 | 平均分 |
BKDRHash | 2 | 0 | 4774 | 481 | 96.55 | 100 | 90.95 | 82.05 | 92.64 |
APHash | 2 | 3 | 4754 | 493 | 96.55 | 88.46 | 100 | 51.28 | 86.28 |
DJBHash | 2 | 2 | 4975 | 474 | 96.55 | 92.31 | 0 | 100 | 83.43 |
JSHash | 1 | 4 | 4761 | 506 | 100 | 84.62 | 96.83 | 17.95 | 81.94 |
RSHash | 1 | 0 | 4861 | 505 | 100 | 100 | 51.58 | 20.51 | 75.96 |
SDBMHash | 3 | 2 | 4849 | 504 | 93.1 | 92.31 | 57.01 | 23.08 | 72.41 |
PJWHash | 30 | 26 | 4878 | 513 | 0 | 0 | 43.89 | 0 | 21.95 |
ELFHash | 30 | 26 | 4878 | 513 | 0 | 0 | 43.89 | 0 | 21.95 |
其中数据1为100000个字母和数字组成的随机串哈希冲突个数。数据2为100000个有意义的英文句子哈希冲突个数。数据3为数据1的哈希值与1000003(大素数)求模后存储到线性表中冲突的个数。数据4为数据1的哈希值与10000019(更大素数)求模后存储到线性表中冲突的个数。
各种hash function的C 语言实现:
- unsigned int SDBMHash(char *str)
- {
- unsigned int hash = 0;
- while (*str)
- {
- // equivalent to: hash = 65599*hash + (*str++);
- hash = (*str++) + (hash << 6) + (hash << 16) - hash;
- }
- return (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF);
- }
- // RS Hash Function
- unsigned int RSHash(char *str)
- {
- unsigned int b = 378551;
- unsigned int a = 63689;
- unsigned int hash = 0;
- while (*str)
- {
- hash = hash * a + (*str++);
- a *= b;
- }
- return (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF);
- }
- // JS Hash Function
- unsigned int JSHash(char *str)
- {
- unsigned int hash = 1315423911;
- while (*str)
- {
- hash ^= ((hash << 5) + (*str++) + (hash >> 2));
- }
- return (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF);
- }
- // P. J. Weinberger Hash Function
- unsigned int PJWHash(char *str)
- {
- unsigned int BitsInUnignedInt = (unsigned int)(sizeof(unsigned int) * 8);
- unsigned int ThreeQuarters = (unsigned int)((BitsInUnignedInt * 3) / 4);
- unsigned int OneEighth = (unsigned int)(BitsInUnignedInt / 8);
- unsigned int HighBits = (unsigned int)(0xFFFFFFFF) << (BitsInUnignedInt - OneEighth);
- unsigned int hash = 0;
- unsigned int test = 0;
- while (*str)
- {
- hash = (hash << OneEighth) + (*str++);
- if ((test = hash & HighBits) != 0)
- {
- hash = ((hash ^ (test >> ThreeQuarters)) & (~HighBits));
- }
- }
- return (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF);
- }
- // ELF Hash Function
- unsigned int ELFHash(char *str)
- {
- unsigned int hash = 0;
- unsigned int x = 0;
- while (*str)
- {
- hash = (hash << 4) + (*str++);
- if ((x = hash & 0xF0000000L) != 0)
- {
- hash ^= (x >> 24);
- hash &= ~x;
- }
- }
- return (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF);
- }
- // BKDR Hash Function
- unsigned int BKDRHash(char *str)
- {
- unsigned int seed = 131; // 31 131 1313 13131 131313 etc..
- unsigned int hash = 0;
- while (*str)
- {
- hash = hash * seed + (*str++);
- }
- return (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF);
- }
- // DJB Hash Function
- unsigned int DJBHash(char *str)
- {
- unsigned int hash = 5381;
- while (*str)
- {
- hash += (hash << 5) + (*str++);
- }
- return (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF);
- }
- // AP Hash Function
- unsigned int APHash(char *str)
- {
- unsigned int hash = 0;
- int i;
- for (i=0; *str; i++)
- {
- if ((i & 1) == 0)
- {
- hash ^= ((hash << 7) ^ (*str++) ^ (hash >> 3));
- }
- else
- {
- hash ^= (~((hash << 11) ^ (*str++) ^ (hash >> 5)));
- }
- }
- return (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF);
- }
- https://www.byvoid.com/blog/string-hash-compare/