切片是基于数组实现的,它的底层是数组,可以理解为对 底层数组的抽象。

源码包中src/runtime/slice.go 定义了slice的数据结构:

type slice struct {
    array unsafe.Pointer
    len   int
    cap   int
}

slice占用24个字节

array: 指向底层数组的指针,占用8个字节

len: 切片的长度,占用8个字节

cap: 切片的容量,cap 总是大于等于 len 的,占用8个字节

slice有4种初始化方式

// 初始化方式1:直接声明
var slice1 []int

// 初始化方式2:使用字面量
slice2 := []int{1, 2, 3, 4}

// 初始化方式3:使用make创建slice
slice3 := make([]int, 3, 5)         

// 初始化方式4: 从切片或数组“截取”
slcie4 := arr[1:3]

通过一个简单程序,看下slice初始化调用的底层函数

package main

import "fmt"

func main() {
    slice := make([]int, 0)
    slice = append(slice, 1)
    fmt.Println(slice, len(slice), cap(slice))
}

通过 go tool compile -S test.go | grep CALL 得到汇编代码

0x0042 00066 (test.go:6)        CALL    runtime.makeslice(SB)
0x006d 00109 (test.go:7)        CALL    runtime.growslice(SB)
0x00a4 00164 (test.go:8)        CALL    runtime.convTslice(SB)
0x00c0 00192 (test.go:8)        CALL    runtime.convT64(SB)
0x00d8 00216 (test.go:8)        CALL    runtime.convT64(SB)
0x0166 00358 ($GOROOT/src/fmt/print.go:274)     CALL    fmt.Fprintln(SB)
0x0180 00384 (test.go:5)        CALL    runtime.morestack_noctxt(SB)
0x0079 00121 (<autogenerated>:1)        CALL    runtime.efaceeq(SB)
0x00a0 00160 (<autogenerated>:1)        CALL    runtime.morestack_noctxt(SB)

初始化slice调用的是runtime.makeslice,makeslice函数的工作主要就是计算slice所需内存大小,然后调用mallocgc进行内存的分配

所需内存大小 = 切片中元素大小 * 切片的容量

func makeslice(et *_type, len, cap int) unsafe.Pointer {
    mem, overflow := math.MulUintptr(et.size, uintptr(cap))
    if overflow || mem > maxAlloc || len < 0 || len > cap {
        // NOTE: Produce a 'len out of range' error instead of a
        // 'cap out of range' error when someone does make([]T, bignumber).
        // 'cap out of range' is true too, but since the cap is only being
        // supplied implicitly, saying len is clearer.
        // See golang.org/issue/4085.
        mem, overflow := math.MulUintptr(et.size, uintptr(len))
        if overflow || mem > maxAlloc || len < 0 {
            panicmakeslicelen()
        }
        panicmakeslicecap()
    }

    return mallocgc(mem, et, true)
}
02-24 16:34