1、创建一台同版本的ubuntu23的虚拟机
2、下载
ubuntu-base-23.10-base-armhf.tar.gz
3、上传到虚拟机里,解压到rootfs文件夹下
tar -xf /opt/ubuntu-base-23.10-base-armhf.tar.gz -C /opt/rootfs
4、安装 qemu,对任何机器运行操作系统的全系统仿真。
qemu 是一个通用的、开源的机器仿真器和虚拟机,拷贝它是为了可以模拟 arm cpu 进行文件系统的配置。
sudo apt-get install qemu-user-static
sudo cp /usr/bin/qemu-arm-static rootfs/usr/bin/
5、复制虚拟机的dns文件到rootfs系统内
sudo cp /etc/resolv.conf rootfs/etc/resolv.conf
6、挂载ubuntu-base
编写挂载脚本
#!/bin/bash
mnt() {
echo "MOUNTING"
sudo mount -t proc /proc ${2}proc
sudo mount -t sysfs /sys ${2}sys
sudo mount -o bind /dev ${2}dev
sudo mount -o bind /dev/pts ${2}dev/pts
sudo chroot ${2}
}
umnt() {
echo "UNMOUNTING"
sudo umount ${2}proc
sudo umount ${2}sys
sudo umount ${2}dev/pts
sudo umount ${2}dev
}
if [ "$1" == "-m" ] && [ -n "$2" ] ;
then
mnt $1 $2
elif [ "$1" == "-u" ] && [ -n "$2" ];
then
umnt $1 $2
else
echo ""
echo "Either 1'st, 2'nd or both parameters were missing"
echo ""
echo "1'st parameter can be one of these: -m(mount) OR -u(umount)"
echo "2'nd parameter is the full path of rootfs directory(with trailing '/')"
echo ""
echo "For example: ch-mount -m /media/sdcard/"
echo ""
echo 1st parameter : ${1}
echo 2nd parameter : ${2}
fi
增加脚本执行权限
sudo chmod +x mount.sh
运行脚本挂载根文件系统
bash mount.sh -m rootfs/
卸载则运行
bash mount.sh -u rootfs/
7、更新源然后装软件
apt update && apt install -y sudo language-pack-en-base ssh net-tools ethtool ifupdown iputils-ping rsyslog htop vim bash-completion systemd bash-completion wireless-tools usbutils lxqt build-essential qtbase5-dev qtchooser qt5-qmake qtbase5-dev-tools qt5* qtcreator network-manager
8、用户配置
设置密码、添加用户
passwd root
adduser xyy
usermod -G sudo xyy
chmod u+s /bin/ping
设置主机名称和本机IP
echo "xyy" > /etc/hostname
echo "127.0.0.1 localhost" >> /etc/hosts
echo "127.0.0.1 xyy" >> /etc/hosts
9、创建开机自启动脚本
1.创建rc-local.service文件
sudo cp /lib/systemd/system/rc-local.service /etc/systemd/system
然后修改/etc/systemd/system/rc-local.service,在文件最下方添加如下两行:
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
Alias=rc-local.service
2.创建rc.local文件
创建/etc/rc.local,里边写自己想要运行的命令。例:
#!/bin/sh
resize2fs /dev/mmcblk2p7
exit 0
给/etc/rc.local加上可执行权限
sudo chmod +x /etc/rc.local
9、打包镜像
先创建一个空镜像文件,大小为4096MB
dd if=/dev/zero of=ubuntu_rootfs.img bs=1M count=10240
将该文件格式化成ext4文件系统
mkfs.ext4 ubuntu_rootfs.img
将该镜像文件挂载到一个空的文件夹上,然后将ubuntu_rootfs的文件复制到该空文件夹中
mkdir ubuntu_base_rootfs
sudo mount ubuntu_rootfs.img ubuntu_base_rootfs
sudo cp -rfp rootfs/* ubuntu_base_rootfs/
复制完后用e2fsck修复及检测镜像文件系统,resize2fs 减小镜像文件的大小
sudo umount ubuntu_base_rootfs/
e2fsck -p -f ubuntu_rootfs.img
resize2fs -M ubuntu_rootfs.img