在工作中,大家可能会遇到一些SQL列转行、行转列的问题,恰好,我也遇到了,就在此记录一下。此处所用的是SQLServer2008R2。
行转列,列转行,都要预先知道要要处理多少数据,在此我就以三种方案来说明一下,分别是case when、PIVOT、For XML。
列转行:
首先创建测试数据:
--测试语句,准备创建表的语句:如下
CREATE TABLE dbo.test1
(
id int IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY NONCLUSTERED,
typeid nvarchar(50) NULL,
typeName nvarchar(50) NULL,
number int NULL
);
CREATE UNIQUE CLUSTERED INDEX idx_id
ON dbo.test1(id);
--插入测试数据
INSERT INTO dbo.test1(typeid,typeName,number) VALUES('S1', '一班',50);
INSERT INTO dbo.test1(typeid,typeName,number) VALUES('S1', '二班',80);
INSERT INTO dbo.test1(typeid,typeName,number) VALUES('S1', '三班',60);
INSERT INTO dbo.test1(typeid,typeName,number) VALUES('S2', '一班',50);
INSERT INTO dbo.test1(typeid,typeName,number) VALUES('S2', '二班',30);
INSERT INTO dbo.test1(typeid,typeName,number) VALUES('S2', '三班',60);
INSERT INTO dbo.test1(typeid,typeName,number) VALUES('S3', '一班',70);
INSERT INTO dbo.test1(typeid,typeName,number) VALUES('S3', '儿班',80);
INSERT INTO dbo.test1(typeid,typeName,number) VALUES('S3', '三班',60);
INSERT INTO dbo.test1(typeid,typeName,number) VALUES('S3', '四班',30);
INSERT INTO dbo.test1(typeid,typeName,number) VALUES('S4', '一班',90);
INSERT INTO dbo.test1(typeid,typeName,number) VALUES('S4', '二班',50);
普通的结果:,要实现的效果:
--CASE WHEN
select
SUM(case when typeid='S1' then number end) as S1,
SUM(case when typeid='S2' then number end) as S2,
SUM(case when typeid='S3' then number end) as S3,
SUM(case when typeid='S4' then number end) as S4
from test1
--PIVOT
select *
from (select typeid,number from test1) as test
pivot(sum(number) for typeid in([S1],[S2],[S3],[S4]))as tbl
行转列:
首先创建测试数据:
--测试语句,准备创建表的语句:如下
CREATE TABLE dbo.test2
(
id int IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY NONCLUSTERED,
typeid nvarchar(50) NULL,
typeName nvarchar(50) NULL,
number int NULL,
number2 int NULL,
number3 int NULL
);
CREATE UNIQUE CLUSTERED INDEX idx2_id
ON dbo.test2(id);
--插入测试数据
INSERT INTO dbo.test2(typeid,typeName,number,number2,number3) VALUES('S1', '一班',50,90,100);
INSERT INTO dbo.test2(typeid,typeName,number,number2,number3) VALUES('S2', '二班',20,64,30);
—》
需要将number,number2,number3合并到val列,colName是合并之后的原始列名,val是合并之后原始的值。
--unpivot
select id,typeid,typeName,colName,val
from test2
unpivot(val for colName in([number],[number2],[number3]))as tbl
至此,SQL的列转行,和行专列已经完成。有什么不对的地方,请大家指正。