问题

  之前有了解过knockout,学习过绑定语法,结合帮助文档,做个Demo倒也不成问题,但是部分地方很不爽,不知道是我的用法不对,还是功力不够。

  比如说,标签里定义的data-bind属性名,必须在调用 ko.applyBindings(viewModel) 前必须定义。而结合具体的示例来看,html有如下代码:

    用户名:<label data-bind="text:userName"></label>
姓名:<label data-bind="text:realName"></label>
毕业院校:<select data-bind="
options:school,
optionsText:'schoolName',
optionsValue:'schoolID',
value:bySchool,
optionsCaption:'请选择'
"></select>

  初步写法则是:

    var viewModel = 
{
userName: ko.observable(),
realName: ko.observable(),
value: ko.observable(),
options: ko.observableArray()
}
ko.applyBindings(viewModel);
//后面ajax操作来修改viewModel
setTimeout(function () {
//加载可选择院校
var school = [{ schoolID: 1, schoolName: "清华大学" },
{ schoolID: 2, schoolName: "北京大学" },
{ schoolID: 3, schoolName: "复旦大学" }
];
viewModel.school(school);
//加载用户信息
var user = {
userName: 'codealone',
realName: '冲动',
bySchool: 1
};
viewModel.userName(user.userName);
viewModel.realName(user.realName);
viewModel.bySchool(user.bySchool);
});

Mapping插件

  写到这,有人可能要跟我说,mapping 插件可以解决这个问题。相关代码如下:

    The time on the server is: <span data-bind='text: serverTime'></span>
and <span data-bind='text: numUsers'></span>user(s) are connected.
<script type="text/javascript">
var data = { serverTime: '2010-01-07', numUsers: 3 };
var viewModel = {};
viewModel = ko.mapping.fromJS(data);
ko.applyBindings(viewModel);
</script>

  这样的确是可以解决,可是问题是,我的数据是ajax加载的呀。那么要先定义属性,于是修改后的代码则是:

    The time on the server is: <span data-bind='text: serverTime'></span>
and <span data-bind='text: numUsers'></span>user(s) are connected.
<script type="text/javascript">
var viewModel = {};
viewModel.serverTime = ko.observable();
viewModel.numUsers = ko.observable();
ko.applyBindings(viewModel);
setTimeout(function () { //模拟ajax取数据
var data = { serverTime: '2010-01-07', numUsers: 3 };
ko.mapping.fromJS(data, viewModel);
document.title = "方法已执行";
}, 1000);
</script>

  看起来很好,不过直到数据并没有更新。只有先在初始化之前mapping一次,后面才可以直接更改。

    The time on the server is: <span data-bind='text: serverTime'></span>
and <span data-bind='text: numUsers'></span>user(s) are connected.
<script type="text/javascript">
var data = { serverTime: '', numUsers: '' };
var viewModel = ko.mapping.fromJS(data);
ko.applyBindings(viewModel);
setTimeout(function () { //模拟ajax取数据
var data = { serverTime: '2010-01-07', numUsers: 3 };
ko.mapping.fromJS(data, viewModel);
document.title = "方法已执行";
}, 1000);
</script>

  这样的话,就没有问题的,但是这种写法让我很郁闷的是,难不成,我要把事先用到的数据结构全部先定义出来,然后mapping。

我的半自动Mapping

  后来觉得ko在初始化的时候,去检测每个需要绑定的属性,是否已经定义,如果未定义,则抛出异常,这个逻辑让我很不爽,但是不在初始化的时候定义,ko 根本就不知道需要监控哪些属性的变化,而这些属性到底是对象,还是数组。想到这里,觉得初始化的定义难以避免,就想了个方法,批量注册初始化观察对家和批量注册。实现方式很简单,看源码就可以得知。这里贴一下调用方式,第一行代码中的data参数是为了将批量注册的属性名存下来,便于后面直接取出这几个属性的值。

    ko.mapper.observable(viewModel, ['userName', 'realName', 'bySchool'], 'data');
ko.mapper.observableArray(viewModel, ['school']);

  以上操作则是完成了初始化,那么后面的赋值如何批量来进行呢,调用方式如下:

        //加载可选择院校
var school = [{ schoolID: 1, schoolName: "清华大学" },
{ schoolID: 2, schoolName: "北京大学" },
{ schoolID: 3, schoolName: "复旦大学" }
];
ko.mapper.extend(viewModel, {
school: school
});
//加载用户信息
var users = {
userName: 'codealone',
realName: '冲动',
bySchool: 1
};
ko.mapper.extend(viewModel, users);

  第一个extend,最终执行了 viewModel.school(school);

  第二个extend,最终执行了viewModel.userName(users.UserName),viewModel.realName(users.realName);等。

  这样算是完成了一种mapping。

  再说说说刚刚的data参数问题,data参数是为了将属性保存下来,便于后面取出这些属性的值。Ko的取值是这样的,拿上面的viewModel来说,定义了userName,realName,bySchool,那么取值方式则是viewModel.userName(),viewModel.realName(),viewModel.bySchool() ...

        //读取页面上的用户信息
var userInfo = ko.mapper.getValue(viewModel, 'data');
var userInfo2 = ko.mapper.getValue(viewModel, ['userName', 'realName', 'bySchool']);

  这样得到的数据则为:

  {

    userName:'xxxx',

    realName:'xxxxxx',

    bySchool:1

  }

完整示例

  完整页面代码如下:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<title></title>
<script src="../knockout-3.0.0.debug.js"></script>
<script src="../knockout.mapper.js"></script> </head>
<body>
用户名:<label data-bind="text:userName"></label>
姓名:<label data-bind="text:realName"></label>
毕业院校:<select data-bind="
options:school,
optionsText:'schoolName',
optionsValue:'schoolID',
value:bySchool,
optionsCaption:'请选择'
"></select>
</body>
</html>
<script type="text/ecmascript">
//半自动Mapping
var viewModel = {};
ko.mapper.observable(viewModel, ['userName', 'realName', 'bySchool'], 'data');
ko.mapper.observableArray(viewModel, ['school']);
ko.applyBindings(viewModel);
//所有的数据都是基于ajax读取的,这里使用setTimeout进行模拟
setTimeout(function () {
//加载可选择院校
var school = [{ schoolID: 1, schoolName: "清华大学" },
{ schoolID: 2, schoolName: "北京大学" },
{ schoolID: 3, schoolName: "复旦大学" }
];
ko.mapper.extend(viewModel, {
school: school
});
//加载用户信息
var users = {
userName: 'codealone',
realName: '冲动',
bySchool: 1
};
ko.mapper.extend(viewModel, users);
//读取页面上的用户信息
var userInfo = ko.mapper.getValue(viewModel, 'data');
var userInfo2 = ko.mapper.getValue(viewModel, ['userName', 'realName', 'bySchool']);
}, 1000);
</script>

完整的半自动Mapping页面

  测试代码下载

  希望能对于ajax加载的数据结构有更好的解决方案。

05-26 23:55