jq命令允许直接在命令行下对JSON进行操作,包括分片、过滤、转换等 ,jq是用C编写,没有运行时依赖,所以几乎可以运行在任何系统上。预编译的二进制文件可以直接在Linux、OS X和windows系统上运行,当然在linux和OS X系统你需要赋与其可执行权限;在linux系统中也可以直接用yum安装。

下载地址 https://stedolan.github.io/jq/download/

本文主要介绍其使用,默认是已经安装好的,没有安装的,请自行安装。

现在先准备json串,如下kumufengchun.json:

{"name":"kumufengchun","age":"","city":"beijing","email":"[email protected]","date":"Thursday","country":"China","company":["baidu","google","alibaba"]}"

如下test.json:

[{"name":"JSON", "good":true}, {"name":"XML", "good":false}]

1.用jq .直接查看

jq . kumufengchun.json 

或者

 cat kumufengchun.json | jq .

输出如下:

[root@localhost ~]$ cat kumufengchun.json | jq .
{
"name": "kumufengchun",
"age": "",
"city": "beijing",
"email": "[email protected]",
"date": "Thursday",
"country": "China",
"company": [
"baidu",
"google",
"alibaba"
]
}

是已经格式化的json数据串,在linux系统下还高光显示,key和value用不同的颜色表示,如下图:

shell学习(12)- jq-LMLPHP

2.输出某个字段或者某个索引的值

语法:jq  '.<key>'  ,这里key是字段名称

[root@localhost ~]$ jq .name kumufengchun.json
"kumufengchun" [root@localhost ~]$ jq '.name' kumufengchun.json
"kumufengchun" [root@localhost ~]$ jq '.company' kumufengchun.json
[
"baidu",
"google",
"alibaba"
]

3.输出数组的值

语法:jq '.[<value>]' ,这里value是数组的索引整数值

[root@localhost ~]$ jq '.company[1]' kumufengchun.json
"google" [root@localhost ~]$ jq '.company[2]' kumufengchun.json
"alibaba"

4.输出列表、数组的一部分,对其进行切片

语法:jq '.<list-key>[s:e]',返回的是数组或者列表的index从s开始(包括s)到e结束(不包括e)

[root@localhost ~]$ jq '.company[0:2]' kumufengchun.json
[
"baidu",
"google"
]

也可以省略开始的index,只有结束的index,如下,仍然是不包括结束index的值:

[root@localhost ~]$ jq '.company[:3]' kumufengchun.json
[
"baidu",
"google",
"alibaba"
]

也可以省略结束的index,只有开始的index,如下,输出到最后:

[root@localhost ~]$ jq '.company[1:]' kumufengchun.json
[
"google",
"alibaba"
]

开始的索引也可以是负数,表示从后边倒着数,从-1开始数:

[root@localhost ~]$ jq '.company[-2:]' kumufengchun.json
[
"google",
"alibaba"
]

5.循环输出所有的值,如数组嵌套

语法:jq '.[]'

[root@localhost ~]$ jq '.[]' test.json
{
"name": "JSON",
"good": true
}
{
"name": "XML",
"good": false
} [root@localhost ~]$ jq '.[]' kumufengchun.json
"kumufengchun"
""
"beijing"
"[email protected]"
"Thursday"
"China"
[
"baidu",
"google",
"alibaba"
]

6.输出多个索引的值,可以用逗号分割

语法: jq '.key1,.key2'

[root@localhost ~]$ jq '.name,.age' kumufengchun.json
"kumufengchun"
""
[root@localhost ~]$ jq '.date,.company[]' kumufengchun.json
"Thursday"
"baidu"
"google"
"alibaba"

如果是数组,用中括号括起来要输出的键值,键值先写谁,先输出谁

[root@localhost ~]$ jq '.company[2,0]' kumufengchun.json
"alibaba"
"baidu"

7.用管道符号|可以对其进行再次处理

语法:jq .[] | .<key1>

[root@localhost ~]$ jq '.[]|.name' test.json
"JSON"
"XML"

8.括号的作用

[root@localhost ~]$ echo  | jq '(.+2)*5'
[root@localhost ~]$ echo {,,} | jq '(.+2)*5'

9.length求长度,如果是字符串是求的字符串的长度,如果是数组则求得是数组的长度

[root@localhost ~]$ cat kumufengchun.json | jq '.[] | length'

10.输出所有的keys

语法: jq keys

[root@localhost ~]$ cat kumufengchun.json | jq 'keys'
[
"age",
"city",
"company",
"country",
"date",
"email",
"name"
]

输出数组的keys:

[root@localhost ~]$ cat kumufengchun.json | jq '.company | keys'
[
,
, ]

11.判断存不存在某个键

[root@localhost ~]$ cat kumufengchun.json | jq 'has("email")'
true
[root@localhost ~]$ cat kumufengchun.json | jq 'has("address")'
false

更多用法参见文档 https://stedolan.github.io/jq/manual/#Invokingjq

05-27 19:03