类:NSObject 、NSString、NSMutableString、NSNumber、NSValue、NSDate、NSDateFormatter、NSRange、Collections:NSSet、NSArray(Ordered、Copy)、NSMutableArray、NSMutableSet、NSDictionary

========================================================================================
知识点
一、NSObject类
.NSObject的概述
提供了系统运行时的一些基本功能
.对象的创建、销毁
alloc init new dealloc
. 类的初始化
.类加载的时候,自动调用+load方法
.第一次使用类的时候,自动调用+initailize方法
类在使用之前会执行此方法,并且只执行一次(直接可以在.m中调用此方法) .copy方法
.并不是所有对象都有copy方法
.如果一个对象支持copy功能,会将对象复制一份(深拷贝)
a.首先要遵守协议NSCopying协议.h文件,
b.必须实现copyWithZone方法协议.m文件
.如果不但想复制对象,而且还要复制对象的值,
一般还要重写属性的有参的初始化方法,把self.参数值一起通过return返回
TRStudent.h
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h> @interface TRStudent : NSObject<NSCopying>//遵守NSCopying协议,才能实现深拷贝
@property int i;
-(id)initWithI:(int)i;
@end TRStudent.m
#import "TRStudent.h" @implementation TRStudent
+(void)load{
NSLog(@"load");
}
+(void)initialize{
NSLog(@"initialize"); } //初始化方法
-(id)initWithI:(int)i{
if ([super init]) {
self.i=i;
}
return self;
}
//遵守NSCopying协议,实现方法
-(id)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone{
return [[TRStudent alloc]initWithI:self.i];//深拷贝属性
}
@end main.m
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "TRStudent.h" int main(int argc, const char * argv[])
{ @autoreleasepool {
TRStudent* p=[[TRStudent alloc]init];
p.i=;
TRStudent *p2=p;//浅拷贝 指向的地址一样
TRStudent *p3=[p copy];//深拷贝,指向的地址不一样
NSLog(@"p:%p",p);
NSLog(@"p2:%p",p2);
NSLog(@"p3:%p %d",p3,p3.i);//深拷贝属性
}
return ;
}
结果:
load
initialize
p:0x100601a80
p2:0x100601a80
p3:0x100600650 .copy还可以用在声明式属性中,但是注意程序的本质发生改变,会自动向实例变量发送copy消息,实例变量必须遵守协议/实现
TRBook.h
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h> @interface TRBook : NSObject<NSCopying>
@property(nonatomic,assign)int price;
@end
TRBook.m
#import "TRBook.h" @implementation TRBook -(id)initWithPrice:(int)price{
self = [super init];
if (self) {
self.price = price;
}
return self;
}
- (id)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone{
return [[TRBook alloc]initWithPrice:self.price];
}
@end
TRStudent.h
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "TRBook.h"
@interface TRStudent : NSObject
//@property(retain)TRBook *book;
@property(copy)TRBook *book;
-(void)study; @end
TRStudent.m
#import "TRStudent.h" @implementation TRStudent
-(void)study{
NSLog(@"学生看书 price:%d add:%p",self.book.price,self.book);
} @end
main.m
TRBook *sanguo = [[TRBook alloc]init];
sanguo.price = ;
NSLog(@"sanguo:%p",sanguo);
TRStudent *stu = [[TRStudent alloc]init];
stu.book = sanguo;
[stu study];
结果:
sanguo:0x100203af0
学生看书 price: add:0x1004006a0 二、类对象
.类的对象:关注的是类的代码信息,需要比较类的数据的时候需要使用类的对象。
.类对象:关注的是对象的数据信息,需要比较类的代码的时候需要使用类对象。
.比较类信息
一、向类发送class消息,可以创建类对象。  
             Class  class  =  [TRStudent  class];
二、判断
.判断一个引用指向的对象是否是某种类型或子类型
- (BOOL)isKindOfClass:(Class)c;  
TRAnimal.h
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h> @interface TRAnimal : NSObject
-(void)eat;
@end
TRAnimal.m
#import "TRAnimal.h" @implementation TRAnimal
-(void)eat{
NSLog(@"动物具有吃的能力");
}
@end
TRDog.h
#import "TRAnimal.h" @interface TRDog : TRAnimal//继承了TRAnimal @end
TRDog.m
TRPerson.h
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h> @interface TRPerson : NSObject//没有继承了TRAnimal @end
TRPerson.m
main.m
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "TRAnimal.h"
#import "TRDog.h"
#import "TRPerson.h"
int main(int argc, const char * argv[])
{ @autoreleasepool {
TRAnimal *animal = [[TRDog alloc]init];
TRAnimal *animal2 = [[TRPerson alloc]init];
Class c = [TRAnimal class];//向类发送class消息,可以创建类对象
TRAnimal *animals[] = {animal,animal2};
for (int i = ; i<; i++) {
//判断一个对象 是否是某系列类型
if ([animals[i] isKindOfClass:c]) {
[animals[i] eat];
}
} }
return ;
}
结果:
动物具有吃的能力 .判断一个引用(实例)指向的对象是否是某种类型
-(BOOL)isMemberOfClass:(Class)c;
.比较“类”信息的时候,需要使用类对象,判断一个类是否是另一个类的子类
+(BOOL)isSubclassOfClass:(Class)c; 
main.m
@autoreleasepool {
TRAnimal *animal = [[TRDog alloc]init];
TRAnimal *animal2 = nil;
Class c = [TRAnimal class];
//判断TRPerson是否是TRAnimal的子类
//健壮性 if ([TRPerson isSubclassOfClass:c]) {
NSLog(@"TRPerson是TRAnimal的子类,可以使用多态");
animal2 = [[TRPerson alloc]init];
}else{
NSLog(@"TRPerson不是TRAnimal的子类,不可以使用多态");
} }
结果:
TRPerson不是TRAnimal的子类,不可以使用多态
.方法选择器
.可以得到一个方法的引用。
SEL sel = @selector(study)//方法名
.需要判断类中是否有某个方法
BOOL  b  =  [TRStudent instancesRespondToSelector:@selector(study)];
. 可以向对象发送任何消息,而不需要在编译的时候声明
[stu performSelector:sel];
例:
TRAnimal.h
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h> @interface TRAnimal : NSObject
-(void)eat;
@end
TRAnimal.m
#import "TRAnimal.h" @implementation TRAnimal
-(void)eat{
NSLog(@"nihao");
}
@end
main.m
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "TRAnimal.h"
int main(int argc, const char * argv[])
{ @autoreleasepool {
TRAnimal *animal = [[TRAnimal alloc]init];
//代表一个方法
SEL sel = @selector(eat);
//判断一个类是否可以响应某个消息
//判断一个类是否有某个方法
BOOL isRespond = [TRAnimal instancesRespondToSelector:sel];
if (isRespond) {
NSLog(@"类中有eat消息,可以发送");
//[animal eat];
}else{
NSLog(@"类中没有eat消息,不可以发送");
} [animal performSelector:sel]; }
return ;
}
结果:
类中有eat消息,可以发送
nihao
.协议选择器
.协议的引用指向一个协议
Prtocol*  p  =  @protocol(NSCopying);  
.可以判断一个类是否遵守了某个协议
BOOL  b  =  [TRStudent  conformsToProtocol:p];  
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "TRProtocol.h"
#import "TRMyclass.h"
#import "TRStudent.h" int main(int argc, const char * argv[])
{ @autoreleasepool {
// id<TRProtocol> p1=[[TRStudent alloc]init];
// [p1 eat];
Protocol*p=@protocol(TRProtocol);//协议名
if ([TRStudent conformsToProtocol:p]) {
NSLog(@"遵守了协议");
}
else{
NSLog(@"没有遵守协议");
}
}
return ;
}
结果:
遵守了协议
=======================================================================
知识点
二、NSString
一、不可变字符串(NSString)
在新创建对象的基础上修改,就是又复制了一份
//创建字符串
NSString *str = @"hello";
NSString *str2 = @"hello";
NSLog(@"str addr:%p",str);
NSLog(@"str2 addr:%p",str2); //将C语言中的字符串 转换成OC的字符串
NSString *str3 = [[NSString alloc]initWithCString:"hello"];
NSLog(@"str3 addr:%p",str3);
NSString *str4 = [[NSString alloc]initWithString:@"hello"];
NSLog(@"str4 addr:%p",str4);
//printf("%sworld","Hello");
NSString *str5 = [[NSString alloc]initWithFormat:@"%@",@"hello"];
结果:
str addr:0x100002060
str2 addr:0x100002060
str3 addr:0x100200d00
str4 addr:0x100002060
str5 addr:0x10010cd80 .NSString的截取
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h> int main(int argc, const char * argv[])
{ @autoreleasepool {
NSString * p=@"HelloWord";
NSString*p2=[p substringToIndex:];//取头(从头到哪),to不包括下标内容
NSString*p3=[p substringFromIndex:];//去尾(从哪到尾),from包括下标内容
NSLog(@"p2:%@ p3:%@",p2,p3);
NSRange r={,};//取中间,从哪长度是多少
NSString*p4=[p substringWithRange:r];
NSLog(@"p4:%@",p4);
}
return ;
}
结果:
p2:Hello p3:Word
p4:oWo 练习:
//练习:230119197007010000
//求:年、月、日
//截取得到日期
NSString *sid = @"";
//在OC当中 创建结构有更简单的方式
//会有结构体函数解决这个问题
//NSMakeRange
NSRange range2 = NSMakeRange(, );
NSString *date = [sid substringWithRange:range2];
NSLog(@"date:%@",date);
NSString *year = [date substringToIndex:];
NSLog(@"year:%@",year);
NSString *month = [date substringWithRange:NSMakeRange(, )];
NSLog(@"month:%@",month);
NSString *day = [date substringFromIndex:];
NSLog(@"day:%@",day);
date:
year:
month:
day: .字符串的拼接(初始化、追加、追加指定范围)
//字符串的拼接
NSString *str10 = @"Hello";
//追加
NSString *str11 = [str10 stringByAppendingString:@"World"];
NSLog(@"str11:%@",str11);
//初始化
NSString *str12 = @"Hello";
NSString *str13 = @"World";
NSString *str14 = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@%@",str12,str13];
NSString *str15 = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"Hello%@",str13];
NSLog(@"str14:%@",str14);
NSLog(@"str15:%@",str15);
//按指定格式(范围)追加内容
NSString *str16 = @"Hello";
NSString *str17 = [str16 stringByAppendingFormat:@"%@%@",@"World",@""];
NSLog(@"str17:%@",str17);
结果:
str11:HelloWorld
str14:HelloWorld
str15:HelloWorld
str17:HelloWorld123 .字符串替换
//替换
NSString *str18 = @"www.tarena.com.cn";
NSString *str19 = [str18 stringByReplacingCharactersInRange:NSMakeRange(, ) withString:@""];
NSLog(@"str19:%@",str19);
结果:
str19:www..com.cn .字符串的编码集
通过文件内容创建字符串,注意存在编码集的问题,默认为 ASC(不包含中文),要指定相应的中文编码集(GBK简体中文、 GB2312简体中文、BIG5繁体中文、UTF8全世界主流语言...)
参数1  文件的路径      
参数2  指定文件的编码集    
参数3  出现异常处理
//编码集
//参数 文件的路径 不包括文件名
NSString *path = @"/Users/tarena/Desktop";
//path = [path stringByAppendingString:@"/test.txt"];
path = [path stringByAppendingString:@"/test2.rtf"];
//把文件中的内容 读取到字符串中
//NSString *str20 = [[NSString alloc]initWithContentsOfFile:path];
NSString *str21 = [[NSString alloc]initWithContentsOfFile:path encoding:NSUTF8 StringEncoding error:nil];
NSLog(@"str21:%@",str21);
.字符串比较 BOOL b=[str isEqualToString:stu2]//stu和stu2比较,比较的是字符串的内容
注:==只可以比较两个字符串的地址
main.m
@autoreleasepool {
NSString* use=@"fcp";
NSString* use1=@"fcp"; NSString*password=@"";
NSString*password1=@"";
if ([use isEqualToString:use1]&&[password isEqualToString:password1]) {
NSLog(@"登陆成功");
}
else{
NSLog(@"登陆失败");
} }
结果:登陆失败 二、可变字符串(NSMutableString)
是NSString的子类,NSString的功能都继承,对字符串的修改是在原字符串的基础上
c语言对象(数据)改变 CRUD 创建 查看 修改 删除
oc数据改变 添加 删除 替换
.可变字符串的创建
//字符串的创建
//在可变字符串中 空字符串就有意义
NSMutableString *mString = [[NSMutableString alloc]init];
//可变字符串不可以与代码区的字符串赋值使用
//NSMutableString *mString2 = @"Hello";mString2将退化成NSString
//可以指定字符串的空间大小 创建字符串
NSMutableString *mString3 =[NSMutableString stringWithCapacity:];
.添加内容(插入)
参数1:添加的内容
参数2:替换的长度
//可变字符串 添加内容
NSMutableString *mString4 = [[NSMutableString alloc]initWithString:@"Hello"];
[mString4 appendString:@"World"];//给mString4拼接
NSLog(@"mString4:%@",mString4);
//可以在指定位置 添加字符串内容
[mString4 insertString:@"" atIndex:];
NSLog(@"mString4:%@",mString4);
结果:
mString4:HelloWorld
mString4:Hello123World .删除内容
//删除内容
NSMutableString *mString5 = [[NSMutableString alloc]initWithString:@"I am learning Objective-C language."];
//查找字符串内容,在所在字符串中的位置
NSRange range = [mString5 rangeOfString:@"learn"];//需要删除的内容
NSLog(@"range: loc:%lu length:%lu",range.location,range.length);
//删除可变字符串中指定的内容
[mString5 deleteCharactersInRange:range];
NSLog(@"mString5:%@",mString5);
结果:
range: loc: length:
mString5:I am ing Objective-C language. .替换内容
参数1:(位置,长度)
参数2:替换内容
//替换内容
NSMutableString *mString6 = [[NSMutableString alloc]initWithString:@"HelloWorld!"];
[mString6 replaceCharactersInRange:NSMakeRange(, ) withString:@""];
NSLog(@"mString6:%@",mString6);
结果:
mString6:Hell1234rld!
======================================================================================
知识点
三、类型转换(NSNumber) 在很多类使用的时候,如果使用数值,就需要将数值转换成对象类型
.int类型的转换 .封装方法
+  (NSNumber  *)numberWithInt:(int)value;  
+  (NSNumber  *)numberWithUnsignedInt:(unsigned   int)value;
.拆封方法
-  (int)intValue;  
-  (unsigned  int)unsignedIntValue;
例:
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h> int main(int argc, const char * argv[])
{ @autoreleasepool { int i=;
//封装 将基本数据类型封装成数值对象类型
NSNumber* number=[NSNumber numberWithInt:i];
NSLog(@"%@",number);
//拆封
int i2=[number intValue];
NSLog(@"%d",i2);
}
return ;
}
结果: .chan类型转换
.封装方法
+  (NSNumber  *)numberWithChar:(char)value;  
+  (NSNumber  *)numberWithUnsignedChar:(unsigned  char)value;
.拆封方法
-  (char)charValue;  
-  (unsigned  char)unsignedCharValue;
.float类型转换
.double类型转换 .BOOL类型转换
.封装方法
+  (NSNumber  *)numberWithBool:(BOOL)value;  
.拆封方法
-  (BOOL)boolValue;
========================================================================
知识点
四、NSValue
.有时需要创建一个对象,以密切反应原始数据类型或者数 据结构,这种情况就需要使用NSValue类,它可以将任何 C中有效的变量类型封装成对象类型。  
. NSNumber是NSValue的子类  
.将自定义类型转换
通过NSValue类,将结构类型封装成NSValue对象  
参数1  结构体变量的内存地址  
参数2  内存地址对应的结构体类型
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h> int main(int argc, const char * argv[])
{ @autoreleasepool { //定义一个结构体类型
typedef struct{
int x;
int y;
}TRPoint;
//c语言中自动义数据类型 声明一个结构变量并且赋值
TRPoint point={,}; //封装成OC语言中的对象类型
//通过NSValue类,将结构类型封装成NSValue对象
NSValue* value=[NSValue valueWithBytes:&point objCType:@encode(TRPoint)];
//解封 参数1 参数2
TRPoint point2;
[value getValue:&point2];
NSLog(@"x:%d y:%d",point2.x,point2.y);
}
return ;
}
结果:x: y:
=====================================================================================================================================
知识点
五、NSDate(日期)
NSDate存储的是时间信息,默认存储的是世界标准时间 (UTC),输出时需要根据时区转换为本地时间。中国大陆、香 港、澳门、台湾...的时间增均与UTC时间差为+,也就是 UTC+
//日期
NSDate* date=[[NSDate alloc]init];//得到当前时间
NSLog(@"%@",date);
NSDate* date2=[NSDate dateWithTimeIntervalSinceNow:];//和当前比延迟30秒
NSDate* date3=[NSDate dateWithTimeIntervalSinceNow:-**];//昨天
NSDate* date4=[NSDate dateWithTimeIntervalSinceNow:**];//明天
NSLog(@"%@",date2);
NSLog(@"%@ %@",date3,date4);
结果:
-- :: +0000今天
-- :: +
-- :: +0000昨天
-- :: +0000明天
=====================================================================================================================================
知识点
六、NSDateFormatter
利用它可以指定所需的任何类型的行为, 并将指定的NSDate对象转换成与所需行为匹配的日期 的相应字符串表示
//转换时间模板
NSDateFormatter*dateFormatter=[[NSDateFormatter alloc]init];
//hh12小时制mm分钟ss秒 HH24小时制 //MM月dd日yyyy年
dateFormatter.dateFormat=@"yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss";
//时间对象的转换
NSDate* date=[[NSDate alloc]init];
NSString*strDate=[dateFormatter stringFromDate:date];
NSLog(@"%@",strDate);
结果:
-- :: 练习:年龄 = 当前时间 - 出生年
根据身份证号 得到一个人的年龄 #import <Foundation/Foundation.h> int main(int argc, const char * argv[])
{ @autoreleasepool {
NSDate *now = [NSDate date];
//创建时间模板对象
NSDateFormatter *formatter = [[NSDateFormatter alloc]init];
//指定模板格式
//yyyy MM dd hh mm ss 年月日时分秒
//formatter.dateFormat = @"hh小时mm分钟ss秒 yyyy-MM-dd";
formatter.dateFormat = @"yyyy";
//转换时间 按指定格式转换时间 转换本地时间
NSString *strDate = [formatter stringFromDate:now];
NSLog(@"strDate:%@",strDate);
//练习:年龄 = 当前时间 - 出生年
//根据身份证号 得到一个人的年龄
//
NSString *sid = @"";
//在OC当中 创建结构有更简单的方式
//会有结构体函数解决这个问题
//NSMakeRange
NSRange range2 = NSMakeRange(, );
NSString *date = [sid substringWithRange:range2];
NSLog(@"date:%@",date);
NSString *year = [date substringToIndex:]; int nowDate = [strDate intValue];
int idDate = [year intValue];
int yearsOld = nowDate-idDate;
NSLog(@"age:%d",yearsOld); }
return ;
}
结果:
strDate:
date:
age:
====================================================================================================================================
知识点
七、集合类(Collections)
一.NSSet
.是一个无序的,管理多个对象的集合类,最大特点 是集合中不允许出现重复对象,和数学上的集合含义是一 样的
.除了无序、不许重复之外,其它功能和NSArray是一样的
二.NSArray
.数组是一组有序的集合,
.通过索引下标取到数组中的各个元素,与字符串相同,
.数组也有可变数组 (NSMutableArray)和不可变数组(NSArray),
.数组中不可以保存基本数据类型、结构体数据类型,需要使用 NSNumber和NSValue进行数据“封装
.NSArray的创建(4种)
.普通字符串数组
NSString* str1=@"one";
NSString* str2=@"two";
NSString* str3=@"three";
NSArray* array1=[[NSArray alloc]initWithObjects:str1,@"two",str3,nil];//保存的都是地址
NSLog(@"%@",array1);
结果:
(
one,
two,
three
)
.数组值是对象
**如果需要输出对象时,输出对象的属性值,要自己重写description方法
TRMyClass.h
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h> @interface TRMyClass : NSObject
@property(nonatomic,assign)int i;
@property(nonatomic,copy)NSString *str;
@end
TRMyClass.m
#import "TRMyClass.h" @implementation TRMyClass
//要自己重写description方法
-(NSString *)description{
return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"i:%d str:%@",self.i,self.str];
}
@end
main.m
NSString *str1 = @"one";
TRMyClass *myClass = [[TRMyClass alloc]init];
myClass.i = ;
myClass.str = @"ABC";
NSLog(@"myClass:%@",myClass);
//如果需要输出对象时,输出对象的属性值,要自己重写description方法
NSString *str2 = @"two";
NSString *str3 = @"three";
//int array[3] = {1,2,3};
NSArray *array2 = [[NSArray alloc]initWithObjects:@"one",str2,str3,myClass, nil];
NSLog(@"array2:%@",array2);
结果:
array2:(
one,
two,
three,
"i:10 str:ABC"
)
.通过一个以有的数组 创建一个新的数组
//通过一个以有的数组 创建一个新的数组
NSArray *array3 = [[NSArray alloc]initWithArray:array2];array2是上边的数组
NSLog(@"array3:%@",array3);
结果:同上
.二维数组
//数组中的元素还可以是对象(数组本身也是对象)
//二维数组
NSArray *array4 = [NSArray arrayWithObject:array2];
结果:同上
.数组添加元素,元素为数组
NSArray *array = @[@"one",@"two",@"three"];
//@1->[NSNumber numberWithInt:1]
//@基本数据类型->引用类型
NSArray *array2 = @[@'c',@,@,@YES];
//添加"一个"数组元素
NSArray *array3 = [array arrayByAddingObject:array2];
NSLog(@"array3:%@",array3);
//添加"一组"元素
NSArray *array4 = [array arrayByAddingObjectsFromArray:array2];
NSLog(@"array4:%@",array4);
结果:
array3:( 作为一个元素
one,
two,
three,
(
,
,
, )
)
array4:( 成为其中一个对象
one,
two,
three,
,
,
, )
.数组的遍历
//数组的遍历
//array2.count == [array2 count]求数组的长度 array2是上边的数组
for (int i = ; i<[array2 count]; i++) {
//array[]
if (i==) {
continue;
}
id obj = [array2 objectAtIndex:i];//通过下标得到数组
NSLog(@"obj:%@",obj);
}
结果:
obj:one
obj:two
obj:i: str:ABC
**.OC中遍历数组方式
a、c语言中的遍历方式
b、快速枚举OC
参数1:每次得到数组中元素的引用
参数2:哪一个集合/组合(数组引用对象)
c、迭代器遍历OC
可以得到数组或集合相应的替代器
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h> int main(int argc, const char * argv[])
{ @autoreleasepool {
NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"one",@"two",@"three", nil];
//1.C语言中的遍历方式
for (int i = ; i<[array count]; i++) {
NSLog(@"array[%d]:%@",i,[array objectAtIndex:i]);
} //2.***快速枚举
//参数1 每次得到数组中元素的引用
//参数2 哪一个集合/组合
for (NSString *str in array) {
NSLog(@"str:%@",str);
} //3.迭代器遍历
//可以得到数组或集合相应的替代器
NSEnumerator *enumertator = [array objectEnumerator];
//得到迭代器指向的内存空间的引用
//并且会自动向下移动一位,当超出数组或集合的范围则返回nil值
//[enumertator nextObject];
NSString *str = nil;
while (str = [enumertator nextObject]) {
NSLog(@"str2:%@",str);
}
//重构 学生与学校的故事 }
return ;
}
str:one
str:two
str:three 练习:
学校和学生的故事
根据条件 筛选
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "TRStudent.h"
int main(int argc, const char * argv[])
{ @autoreleasepool {
//学生
TRStudent *stu1 = [TRStudent studentWithAge: andName:@"zhangsan"];
TRStudent *stu2 = [TRStudent studentWithAge: andName:@"li"];
TRStudent *stu3 = [TRStudent studentWithAge: andName:@"zhaoliu"];
TRStudent *stu4 = [TRStudent studentWithAge: andName:@"wangwu"];
TRStudent *stu5 = [TRStudent studentWithAge: andName:@"qianqi"];
TRStudent *stu6 = [TRStudent studentWithAge: andName:@"guanyu"];
TRStudent *stu7 = [TRStudent studentWithAge: andName:@"zhangfei"];
TRStudent *stu8 = [TRStudent studentWithAge: andName:@"liubei"];
//创建班级
NSArray *class1412A = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:stu1,stu2, nil];
NSArray *class1412B = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:stu3,stu4, nil];
NSArray *class1412C = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:stu5,stu6, nil];
NSArray *class1412D = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:stu7,stu8, nil];
//学院
NSArray *college3G = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:class1412A,class1412B, nil];
NSArray *collegeTest = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:class1412C,class1412D, nil];
//学校
NSArray *universityTarena = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:college3G,collegeTest, nil];
NSLog(@"universityTarena:%@",universityTarena); //遍历
//学校
for (int i = ; i<[universityTarena count]; i++) {
NSArray *college =[universityTarena objectAtIndex:i];
//学院
for (int j = ; j<[college count]; j++) {
NSArray *class = [college objectAtIndex:j];
//班级
for (int k = ; k<[class count]; k++) {
TRStudent *stu = [class objectAtIndex:k];
//根据条件进行输出筛选
//根据年龄进行筛选等于18
if ([stu.name isEqualToString:@"zhangsan"]) {
NSLog(@"stu name:%@ age:%d",stu.name,stu.age);
}
}
}
} }
return ;
}
结果:
universityTarena:(
(
(
"age:18 name:zhangsan",
"age:22 name:li"
),
(
"age:19 name:zhaoliu",
"age:19 name:wangwu"
)
),
(
(
"age:20 name:qianqi",
"age:21 name:guanyu"
),
(
"age:20 name:zhangfei",
"age:18 name:liubei"
)
)
)
stu name:zhangsan age: **oc中数组遍历嵌套
//迭代器
NSEnumerator *enumerator=[university objectEnumerator];
NSArray *str=nil;
while (str=[enumerator nextObject]) {
//学院
NSEnumerator *enumerator1=[str objectEnumerator];
NSArray *str2=nil;
while (str2=[enumerator1 nextObject]) {
//班级
NSEnumerator *enumerator2=[str2 objectEnumerator];
TRStudent *str3=nil;
while (str3=[enumerator2 nextObject]) {
NSLog(@"%@",str3);
}
}
}
=====================================================================
//枚举遍历
for (NSArray* stu11 in university) { for (NSArray* stu22 in stu11) {
//NSArray*class=stu22;
for (TRStudent* stu33 in stu22) {
NSLog(@"%@",stu33);
}
}
}
======================================================================================
***快速枚举与迭代器在执行的过程中不能直接删除元素,需要把元素先保存起来,需等到枚举结束,才可以删除
TRStudent *s=nil;
for ( TRStudent* a in class) {
if ([a.name isEqualToString:@"lisi"]) {
s=a;
//[class removeObject:a];不可以直接在枚举中删除
NSLog(@"%@",a);
}
}
[class removeObject:s];
NSLog(@"%@",class);
**当数组中有多个元素重复,使用此方法
NSMutableArray *removeStrs = [NSMutableArray array];
for (NSString *str in array) {
if ([str isEqualToString:@"two"]) {
//临时保存要删除的内容
[removeStrs addObject:str];
}
NSLog(@"str:%@",str);
}
//[array removeObject:removeStr];
for (NSString *removeStr in removeStrs) {
[array removeObject:removeStr];
}
NSLog(@"array:%@",array); .查询某个对象在数组中的位置
//返回数组中最后一个对象
id lastObj = [array2 lastObject];
NSLog(@"lastObj:%@",lastObj);
//查询某个对象在数组中的位置
NSUInteger index = [array2 indexOfObject:str3];array2是上边的数组
NSLog(@"index:%lu",index);
//通过下标得到数组
NSString* objStr=[array1 objectAtIndex:];
//求数组长度
NSUInteger l=[stus count];
NSLog(@"%lu",(unsigned long)l);
结果:
lastObj:i: str:ABC
index: 练习:
现在有一些数据,它们是整型数据10、字符型数据 ‘a’、单精度浮点型数据10.1f和自定义类TRStudent的一 个对象,将它们存放在数组NSArray中
TRStudent.h
TRStudent.m
main.m
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "TRStudent.h" int main(int argc, const char * argv[])
{ @autoreleasepool {
//转换成数值对象
NSNumber* num1=[NSNumber numberWithInt:];
NSNumber* num2=[NSNumber numberWithChar:'a'];
NSNumber* num3=[NSNumber numberWithFloat:10.1f];
NSLog(@"%@ %@ %@",num1,num2,num3);
TRStudent* stu=[[TRStudent alloc]init]; //遍历数组
NSArray* array=[[NSArray alloc]initWithObjects:num1,num2,num3,stu, nil];
for (int i=; i<[array count]; i++) {
id job=[array objectAtIndex:i];
NSLog(@"%@",job);
}
}
return ;
} 三、Ordered(数组排序)
.排序规则本质(系统默认升序,如需降序,在NSOrderedAscending前加个减号)
’NSString *str = @"aad";
NSString *str2 = @"aac";
NSComparisonResult cr = [str compare:str2];
switch (cr) {
case NSOrderedAscending:
NSLog(@"str<str2");
break;
case NSOrderedSame:
NSLog(@"str=str2");
break;
case NSOrderedDescending:
NSLog(@"str>str2");
break;
}
结果:str>str2
.排序规则
NSString *str11 = @"";
NSString *str12 = @"";
NSString *str13 = @"";
NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:str11,str12,str13, nil];
NSLog(@"array:%@",array);
//排序规则
SEL cmp = @selector(compare:);
//得到排好序的新数组
NSArray *array2 = [array 结果:
array:(
,
, )
array2:(
,
, )
练习1:向数组中放入数字8 进行排序
NSNumber *num1 = [NSNumber numberWithInt:];
NSNumber *num2 = [NSNumber numberWithInt:];
NSNumber *num3 = [NSNumber numberWithInt:];
NSNumber *num4 = [NSNumber numberWithInt:];
NSNumber *num5 = [NSNumber numberWithInt:];
NSArray *array3 = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:num1,num2,num3,num4,num5, nil];
NSLog(@"array3:%@",array3);
NSArray *array4 = [array3 sortedArrayUsingSelector:@selector(compare:)];
NSLog(@"array4:%@",array4);
结果:
array4:(
,
,
,
, )
练习2:创建一个自定义类TRStudent,为该类生成五个对象。 把这五个对象存入一个数组当中,然后按照姓名、年龄对五个对象 进行排序。
TRStudent.h
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h> @interface TRStudent : NSObject
@property(nonatomic,assign)int age;
@property(nonatomic,copy)NSString *name;
-(id)initWithAge:(int)age andName:(NSString*)name;
+(TRStudent*)studentWithAge:(int)age andName:(NSString*)name;
//排序规则
//比较年龄
-(NSComparisonResult)compare:(TRStudent*)otherStudent;
//比较姓名
-(NSComparisonResult)compareName:(TRStudent *)otherStudent;
//先年龄后姓名
-(NSComparisonResult)compareAgeAndName:(TRStudent *)otherStudent;
@end
TRStudent.m
#import "TRStudent.h" @implementation TRStudent
-(id)initWithAge:(int)age andName:(NSString*)name{
self = [super init];
if (self) {
self.age = age;
self.name = name;
}
return self;
}
+(TRStudent*)studentWithAge:(int)age andName:(NSString*)name{
return [[TRStudent alloc]initWithAge:age andName:name];
}
-(NSString *)description{
return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"age:%d name:%@",self.age,self.name];
}
//制定年龄的比较规则
//按姓名比较?
//如果年龄相同再按姓名比较?
//如果姓名相同再按年龄比较?
-(NSComparisonResult)compare:(TRStudent*)otherStudent{
if(self.age>otherStudent.age){
return NSOrderedDescending;
}else if (self.age == otherStudent.age){
return NSOrderedSame;
}else{
return NSOrderedAscending;
}
}
-(NSComparisonResult)compareName:(TRStudent *)otherStudent{
return [self.name compare:otherStudent.name];
}
-(NSComparisonResult)compareAgeAndName:(TRStudent *)otherStudent{
//先比较年龄
if(self.age>otherStudent.age){
return NSOrderedDescending;
}else if (self.age == otherStudent.age){
//比较姓名
return [self.name compare:otherStudent.name];
}else{
return NSOrderedAscending;
}
}
@end
main.m
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "TRStudent.h"
int main(int argc, const char * argv[])
{ @autoreleasepool {
TRStudent *stu1 = [TRStudent studentWithAge: andName:@"zhangsan"];
TRStudent *stu2 = [TRStudent studentWithAge: andName:@"li"];
TRStudent *stu3 = [TRStudent studentWithAge: andName:@"zhaoliu"];
TRStudent *stu4 = [TRStudent studentWithAge: andName:@"wangwu"];
TRStudent *stu5 = [TRStudent studentWithAge: andName:@"qianqi"];
NSArray *stus = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:stu1,stu2,stu3,stu4,stu5, nil];
NSLog(@"stus:%@",stus); NSArray *stus2 = [stus sortedArrayUsingSelector:@selector(compare:)];
NSLog(@"stu2:%@",stus2); NSArray *stus3 = [stus sortedArrayUsingSelector:@selector(compareName:)];
NSLog(@"stu3:%@",stus3); NSArray *stus4 = [stus sortedArrayUsingSelector:@selector(compareAgeAndName:)];
NSLog(@"stu4:%@",stus4);
}
return ;
}
结果:
stu4:(
"age:18 name:zhangsan",
"age:19 name:wangwu",
"age:19 name:zhaoliu",
"age:20 name:qianqi",
"age:22 name:li"
四、数组的拷贝
- 数组的复制分为:  
.深拷贝(内容复制):将对象生成副本  
.浅拷贝(引用复制):仅将对象的引用计数加1  
- 数组中的元素,对象的引用
TRStudent.h
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h> @interface TRStudent : NSObject<NSCopying>
@property(nonatomic,assign)int age;
@property(nonatomic,copy)NSString*name;
-(id)initWithAge:(int)age andName:(NSString*)name;
+(TRStudent*)studentWithAge:(int)age andName:(NSString*)name;
@end TRStudent.m
#import "TRStudent.h" @implementation TRStudent
-(id)initWithAge:(int)age andName:(NSString*)name{
if ([super init]) {
self.age=age;
self.name=name;
}
return self;
}
+(TRStudent*)studentWithAge:(int)age andName:(NSString*)name{
return [[TRStudent alloc]initWithAge:age andName:name];
} //重写description方法,解决返回数值问题
/*
-(NSString *)description{
return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"age:%d name:%@",self.age,self.name];
}
*/ //遵守cope协议
-(id)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone{
return [[TRStudent alloc]initWithAge:self.age andName:self.name];
}
@end main.m
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "TRStudent.h"
int main(int argc, const char * argv[])
{
@autoreleasepool {
TRStudent *stu1 = [TRStudent studentWithAge: andName:@"zhangsan"];
TRStudent *stu2 = [TRStudent studentWithAge: andName:@"li"];
TRStudent *stu3 = [TRStudent studentWithAge: andName:@"zhaoliu"];
TRStudent *stu4 = [TRStudent studentWithAge: andName:@"wangwu"];
TRStudent *stu5 = [TRStudent studentWithAge: andName:@"qianqi"];
NSArray *stus = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:stu1,stu2,stu3,stu4,stu5, nil];
NSLog(@"stus:%@",stus);
//浅拷贝 NO
/*
TRStudent *stu = [[TRStudent alloc]init];
TRStudent *stu2 = stu;
*/
NSArray *stus2 = [[NSArray alloc]initWithArray:stus copyItems:NO];//浅拷贝
NSLog(@"stus2:%@",stus2);
//深拷贝 YES
//数组的深拷贝要依赖于对象的深拷贝
//对象的深拷贝(1.NSCopying 2.copyWithZone)(需要遵守copy协议)
NSArray *stus3 = [[NSArray alloc]initWithArray:stus copyItems:YES];
NSLog(@"stus3:%@",stus3);
}
return ;
}
结果:
(
"<TRStudent: 0x10010abc0>",
"<TRStudent: 0x1001099f0>",
"<TRStudent: 0x100109c40>",
"<TRStudent: 0x10010b350>",
"<TRStudent: 0x100109e70>"
)
(
"<TRStudent: 0x10010abc0>",
"<TRStudent: 0x1001099f0>",
"<TRStudent: 0x100109c40>",
"<TRStudent: 0x10010b350>",
"<TRStudent: 0x100109e70>"
)
(
"<TRStudent: 0x100500d60>",
"<TRStudent: 0x1005004b0>",
"<TRStudent: 0x1005004d0>",
"<TRStudent: 0x1005004f0>",
"<TRStudent: 0x1005002a0>"
)
=====================================================================================================
重写description方法,解决返回数值问题
-(NSString *)description{
return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"age:%d name:%@",self.age,self.name];
}
================================================================================================================================================================================
知识点
八、NSMutableArray(可变数组)
.NSMutableArray(可变数组)
是Objective-C定义的可修改数组类  
– 是NSArray的子类
.创建数组
NSMutableArray* array=[NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:@"one",@"two",@"three", nil];
.添加元素
.在数组末尾添加对象
.在指定位置插入对象
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h> int main(int argc, const char * argv[])
{ @autoreleasepool {
NSMutableArray* array=[NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:@"one",@"two",@"three", nil];
[array addObject:@"four"];//在数组末尾添加对象
NSLog(@"%@",array);
[array insertObject:@"five" atIndex:];//插入对象
NSLog(@"%@",array);
}
return ;
}
结果:
(
one,
two,
three,
four
)
(
one,
two,
three,
five,
four
)
.修改元素
.在指定位置修改元素
.用另一数组替换指定范围对象
NSMutableArray* array=[NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:@"one",@"two",@"three", nil];
[array replaceObjectAtIndex: withObject:@"six"];//在指定位置修改元素
NSLog(@"%@",array);
//用另一数组替换指定范围对象
NSMutableArray* array2=[NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:@"",@"",@"", nil];
NSRange r={,};
[array replaceObjectsInRange:r withObjectsFromArray:array2];
NSLog(@"%@",array);
结果:
(
one,
six,
three
)
( one,
six,
,
, )
.删除元素
.最后一个对象
 [array  removeLastObject];  
.指定对象
[array  removeObject:@"two"];
.指定位置对象
[array  removeObjectAtIndex:];  
.指定范围对象
NSRange  r  =  {,  };  
[array  removeObjectsInRange:r];  
.清空数组
[array  removeAllObjects];
//删除数组中的元素
/*1,2,3,five,four*/
[mArray removeLastObject];
NSLog(@"mArray:%@",mArray); [mArray removeObject:@"five"];
NSLog(@"mArray:%@",mArray); [mArray removeObjectAtIndex:];
NSLog(@"mArray:%@",mArray); [mArray removeObjectsInRange:NSMakeRange(, )];
NSLog(@"mArray:%@",mArray);
结果:
mArray1:(
,
,
,
five
)
mArray2:(
,
, )
mArray3:(
, )
mArray4:(
) 练习:
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "TRStudent.h" int main(int argc, const char * argv[])
{ @autoreleasepool {
TRStudent* stu1=[TRStudent studentWithAge: andName:@"zhangsan"];
TRStudent* stu2=[TRStudent studentWithAge: andName:@"lisi"];
NSMutableArray* class=[NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:stu1,stu2, nil];
//添加学生
TRStudent* stu3=[TRStudent studentWithAge: andName:@"zhaoliu"];
[class addObject:stu3];
NSLog(@"%@",class);
//删除学生 lisi
//[class removeObjectAtIndex:0];
//遍历数组
for (int i=; i<[class count]; i++) {
TRStudent* stu=[class objectAtIndex:i];
if ([stu.name isEqualToString:@"lisi"]) {//筛选出学生
[class removeObject:stu];//删除学生
NSLog(@"%@",class);
}
}
}
return ;
}
结果:
(
"age:18 name:zhangsan",
"age:20 name:lisi",
"age:19 name:zhaoliu"
)
(
"age:18 name:zhangsan",
"age:19 name:zhaoliu"
)
.ios6 新语法
a.ios6.0及osx10.8之后,编译器LLVM支持。
b.初始化数据
OC:[NSArray arrayWithObject…@“a”];
OC新:@[@“a”,@“b”];
C语言:{“a”,“b”};
c.取元素的值
OC:[数组对象 objectAtIndex…];
OC新:数组对象[下标];
d.基本类型转换数值对象
OC:@->[NSNumber numberWithInt:]
OC新:NSArray *array2 = @[@'c',@,@,@YES]; #import <Foundation/Foundation.h> int main(int argc, const char * argv[])
{ @autoreleasepool {
//初始化
NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"one",@"two",@"three", nil];
//ios6中的新语法
NSArray *array2 = @[@"one",@"two",@"three"];
//不允许将父类类型赋值给子类类型
//NSMutableArray *array3 = @[@"one",@"two",@"three"];
*将不可变数组转换为可变数组
//将不可变数组转换为可变数组
NSMutableArray *array3 =[@[@"one",@"two",@"three"]mutableCopy];
//取元素的值
NSString *str = [array objectAtIndex:];
//ios6中的新语法
NSString *str2 = array[];
}
return ;
} 作业:
.重构 使用ios6新语法 学生与学校的故事。
.重构 使用三种遍历方式
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "TRStudent.h" int main(int argc, const char * argv[])
{ @autoreleasepool {
//学生
TRStudent *stu1 = [TRStudent studentWithAge: andName:@"zhangsan"];
TRStudent *stu2 = [TRStudent studentWithAge: andName:@"li"];
TRStudent *stu3 = [TRStudent studentWithAge: andName:@"zhaoliu"];
TRStudent *stu4 = [TRStudent studentWithAge: andName:@"wangwu"];
TRStudent *stu5 = [TRStudent studentWithAge: andName:@"qianqi"];
TRStudent *stu6 = [TRStudent studentWithAge: andName:@"guanyu"];
TRStudent *stu7 = [TRStudent studentWithAge: andName:@"zhangfei"];
TRStudent *stu8 = [TRStudent studentWithAge: andName:@"liubei"];
//班级
NSArray *class1=@[stu1,stu2];
NSArray *class2=@[stu3,stu4];
NSArray *class3=@[stu5,stu6];
NSArray *class4=@[stu7,stu8];
//学院
NSArray *college1=@[class1,class2];
NSArray *college2=@[class3,class4];
//学校
NSArray *university=@[college1,college2]; /**/
//c语言遍历数组
for (int i=; i<[university count]; i++) {
NSArray* college=university[i];
//学院
for (int j=; j<[college count]; j++) {
NSArray* class=college[j];
//班级
for (int k=; k<[class count]; k++) {
TRStudent*stu=class[k];
NSLog(@"%@",stu);
}
}
} /**/
//枚举遍历
for (NSArray* stu11 in university) { for (NSArray* stu22 in stu11) {
//NSArray*class=stu22;
for (TRStudent* stu33 in stu22) {
NSLog(@"%@",stu33);
}
}
} //迭代器
NSEnumerator *enumerator=[university objectEnumerator];
NSArray *str=nil;
while (str=[enumerator nextObject]) {
//学院
NSEnumerator *enumerator1=[str objectEnumerator];
NSArray *str2=nil;
while (str2=[enumerator1 nextObject]) {
//班级
NSEnumerator *enumerator2=[str2 objectEnumerator];
TRStudent *str3=nil;
while (str3=[enumerator2 nextObject]) {
NSLog(@"%@",str3);
}
}
}
}
return ;
} .National类 有名称China,拥有多个地区,有地区
Area(名称、人口)
创建三个地区
(beijing guangzhou shanghai )
显示所有城市及人口
只显示北京的人口
重构... ios6新语法 遍历三种方式
TRNational.h
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h> @interface TRNational : NSObject
@property(nonatomic,copy)NSString *name;
@property(nonatomic,strong)NSMutableArray *areas;
@end
TRNational.m
#import "TRNational.h" @implementation TRNational @end
TRArea.h
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h> @interface TRArea : NSObject
@property(nonatomic,copy)NSString *name;
@property(nonatomic,assign)int population;
-(id)initWithName:(NSString*)name andPopulation:(int)population;
+(id)areaWithName:(NSString*)name andPopulation:(int)population;
@end
TRArea.m
#import "TRArea.h" @implementation TRArea
-(id)initWithName:(NSString*)name andPopulation:(int)population{
self = [super init];
if (self) {
self.name = name;
self.population = population;
}
return self;
}
+(id)areaWithName:(NSString*)name andPopulation:(int)population{
return [[TRArea alloc]initWithName:name andPopulation:population];
}
@end main.m
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "TRNational.h"
#import "TRArea.h"
int main(int argc, const char * argv[])
{ @autoreleasepool {
TRNational *n = [[TRNational alloc]init];
n.name = @"china";
//一个对象中的属性 如果是对象,要注意默认情况下,是不会创建的。
//聚合
n.areas = [NSMutableArray array];
TRArea *a1 = [TRArea areaWithName:@"北京" andPopulation:];
TRArea *a2 = [TRArea areaWithName:@"上海" andPopulation:];
TRArea *a3 = [TRArea areaWithName:@"广州" andPopulation:];
[n.areas addObject:a1];
[n.areas addObject:a2];
[n.areas addObject:a3]; for (int i = ; i<[n.areas count]; i++) {
TRArea *area = n.areas[i];
NSLog(@"name:%@ pop:%d",area.name,area.population);
}
}
return ;
}
结果:
name:北京 pop:
name:上海 pop:
name:广州 pop:
======================================================================================
知识点
九、NSSet
.NSSet是一个无序的,管理多个对象的集合类,最大特点 是集合中不允许出现重复对象,和数学上的集合含义是一 样的。  
.除了无序、不许重复之外,其它功能和NSArray是一样的
.NSSet的创建
TRStudent* stu1=[[TRStudent alloc]initWithAge: andName:@"zhangsan"];
//数值重复
TRStudent* stu2=[[TRStudent alloc]initWithAge: andName:@"zhangsan"];
//地址重复
TRStudent* stu3=stu1;
//创建一个集合
NSSet* set=[NSSet setWithObjects:stu1,stu2,stu3, nil];
NSLog(@"%@",set);
结果:
{(
<TRStudent: 0x100202f10>, stu3和stu1重复,只输出一个
<TRStudent: 0x100201b70>
)}
.hash方法(比较地址)
.计算机默认认为对象的hash值相同,那么对象就相同、重复
.在生活中,hash值相同的重复满足不了我们的需求,需要重写hash方法
.hash方法重写有两种情况:
.把返回值写死,那么该类所有的对象都可能相同
.把对象中的其中一个属性值作为返回值,属性值相同的,对象也可能相同
.isEqual方法(比较值)
.如果返回值为真 确定两个对象是相同的。
.如果返回值为假 确定两个对象是不相同的。
执行顺序,会自动先判断hash值,hash相同才会自动判断isEqual方法。 总结:
a.判断引用是否是同一个, 是则可能相同 ,否一定不同
b.判断引用的类型是否相同, 是则可能相同, 否一定不同,
c.判断引用的值是否相同 ,是则一定相同 ,否一定不同,
TRStudent.h
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h> @interface TRStudent : NSObject
@property(nonatomic,assign)int age;
@property(nonatomic,copy)NSString*name;
-(id)initWithAge:(int)age andName:(NSString*)name;
+(TRStudent*)studentWithAge:(int)age andName:(NSString*)name;
@end
TRStudent.m
#import "TRStudent.h" //hash方法
@implementation TRStudent
-(NSUInteger)hash{
NSLog(@"hash方法执行了");
//return [super hash];
return ;
}
//重写isEqual方法
-(BOOL)isEqual:(id)object{
NSLog(@"isEqual方法执行了"); //return [super isEqual:object];
//1.自反性
if(self == object){//两个引用指向同一个对象
return YES;
}else{
//2.类型是否相同 如果类型不相同 肯定不同
if(![object isMemberOfClass:[TRStudent class]]){
return NO;
}else{//3.两个对象的类型相同才比较对象的值
TRStudent *otherStu = object;
if (self.age==otherStu.age&&[self.name isEqualToString:otherStu.name]) {
return YES;
}else{
return NO;
}
}
}
return NO; } -(id)initWithAge:(int)age andName:(NSString*)name{
self = [super init];
if (self) {
self.age = age;
self.name = name;
}
return self;
}
+(TRStudent*)studentWithAge:(int)age andName:(NSString*)name{
return [[TRStudent alloc]initWithAge:age andName:name];
}
@end
main.m
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "TRStudent.h"
int main(int argc, const char * argv[])
{ @autoreleasepool {
TRStudent *stu1 = [TRStudent studentWithAge: andName:@"zhangsan"];
TRStudent *stu2 = [TRStudent studentWithAge: andName:@"zhangsan"];
TRStudent *stu3 = stu1; NSSet *set = [NSSet setWithObjects:stu1,stu2,stu3, nil];
NSLog(@"set:%@",set); }
return ;
}
结果:
hash方法执行了
hash方法执行了
isEqual方法执行了
hash方法执行了
set:{(
<TRStudent: 0x1001027f0>
)} 知识点
十、NSMutableSet 知识点
十一、NSDictionary(不可变字典)
.为了查找集合中的对象更快速
.通过key(键)(名字),相应的value(值)。
通常来讲,key的值是字符串类型,value的值是任意对象类型
.key值是不允许重复的,value的值是可以重复的
.通来来讲key与value的值,不允许为空  
.NSDictionary的创建
//初始化的时候value->key
NSDictionary* dic=[NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:@,@"one",@,@"two",@,@"three", nil];
//显示的时候 key->value
NSLog(@"%@",dic);
结果:
{
one = ;
three = ;
two = ;
}
.通过key找到相应的value
//根据key值找到相应的value
NSNumber* n1=[dic objectForKey:@"one"];dic接上边的内容
NSLog(@"n1:%@",n1);
//字典引用 新语法
NSNumber* n2=dic[@"one"];
NSLog(@"n2:%@",n2);
结果:
n1:
n2:
.获取字典中所有的value和key
//集合中所有的key
NSArray*key=[dic allKeys];
NSLog(@"%@",key);
//集合中所有的value
NSArray*v=[dic allValues];
NSLog(@"%@",v);
结果:
(
one,
two,
three
)
(
,
, )
.NSDictionary遍历
//遍历
//得到字典中所有的key
NSArray* keys=[dic allKeys];
for (NSString* key in keys) {
//通过每一个key得到字典中的value
NSNumber* value=[dic objectForKey:key];
NSLog(@"key:%@ value:%@",key,value);
}
结果:
key:one value:
key:two value:
key:three value:
.NSDictionary新语法
.创建
NSDictionary  *dict  =  @{@"":stu,  @"":stu1};
NSDictionary* dic=[NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:@,@"one",@,@"two",@,@"three", nil];
NSDictionary* dic2=@{@"one": @,@"two":@,@"three":@};//字典引用 新语法
.获取
NSLog(@"%@",  mdict[@""]); 
NSNumber* n1=[dic objectForKey:@"one"];
//字典引用 新语法
NSNumber* n2=dic[@"one"]; 
.对关键字进行排序  
.将字典中所有key值,按object所在类中的compare方法 进行排序,并将结果返回至数组,.在Student类中添加compare方法
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "TRStudent.h"
int main(int argc, const char * argv[])
{ @autoreleasepool {
TRStudent *stu1 = [TRStudent studentWithAge: andName:@"zhangsan"];
TRStudent *stu2 = [TRStudent studentWithAge: andName:@"lisi"];
TRStudent *stu3 = [TRStudent studentWithAge: andName:@"wangwu"];
TRStudent *stu4 = [TRStudent studentWithAge: andName:@"zhaoliu"];
NSDictionary *stus = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:stu1,stu1.name,stu2,stu2.name,stu3,stu3.name,stu4,stu4.name, nil];
//排序前
NSArray *allKeys = [stus allKeys];
for (NSString *key in allKeys) {
//key->value
TRStudent *stu = stus[key];
NSLog(@"name:%@ age:%d",stu.name,stu.age);
}
//排序后
***//1.排序的第一种方式 无法对字典进行排序 只能对key进行排序
/**/
//NSArray *allKeys = [stus allKeys];取出keys值
NSArray *sortedAllKeys = [allKeys sortedArrayUsingSelector:@selector(compare:)];
for (NSString *key in sortedAllKeys) {
//key->value
TRStudent *stu = stus[key];
NSLog(@"name:%@ age:%d",stu.name,stu.age);
}
TRStudent.h
-(NSComparisonResult)compare:(TRStudent*)otherStudent{
return [self.name compare:otherStudent.name];
}
***//2.字典排序方式2 需重写compare方法 如上
NSArray *sortedAllKeys2 = [stus keysSortedByValueUsingSelector:@selector(compare:)];
for (NSString *key in sortedAllKeys2) {
//key->value
TRStudent *stu = stus[key];
NSLog(@"name:%@ age:%d",stu.name,stu.age);
}
}
return ;
} .文件操作
.将字典内容写入文件
NSDictionary *dic = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:@,@"one",@,@"two", nil];
[dic writeToFile:@"/Users/tarena/Desktop/dic.xml" atomically:NO];
练习 :学生和书的故事,字典方法。
(优:通过班级信息可以直接显示学生信息、通过学院信息也可以直接显示学生信息)
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "TRStudent.h"
int main(int argc, const char * argv[])
{
@autoreleasepool {
//学生
TRStudent *stu1 = [TRStudent studentWithAge: andName:@"zhangsan"];
TRStudent *stu2 = [TRStudent studentWithAge: andName:@"li"];
TRStudent *stu3 = [TRStudent studentWithAge: andName:@"zhaoliu"];
TRStudent *stu4 = [TRStudent studentWithAge: andName:@"wangwu"];
TRStudent *stu5 = [TRStudent studentWithAge: andName:@"qianqi"];
TRStudent *stu6 = [TRStudent studentWithAge: andName:@"guanyu"];
TRStudent *stu7 = [TRStudent studentWithAge: andName:@"zhangfei"];
TRStudent *stu8 = [TRStudent studentWithAge: andName:@"liubei"];
//创建班级
NSArray *class1412A = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:stu1,stu2, nil];
NSArray *class1412B = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:stu3,stu4, nil];
NSArray *class1412C = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:stu5,stu6, nil];
NSArray *class1412D = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:stu7,stu8, nil];
//创建学院
NSDictionary *college3G = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:class1412A,@"class1412A",class1412B,@"class1412B", nil];
NSDictionary *collegeTest = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:class1412C,@"class1412C",class1412D,@"class1412D", nil];
//创建学校新语法
/*
NSDictionary *universityTarena = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:college3G,@"college3G",collegeTest,@"collegeTest", nil];
*/
NSDictionary *universityTarena = @{@"college3G":college3G,@"collegeTest":collegeTest}; //遍历
//学校
NSArray *collegeKeys = [universityTarena allKeys];//取出所有Keys
for (NSString *collegeKey in collegeKeys) {
NSDictionary *collegeValue = [universityTarena objectForKey:collegeKey];
//if... 查看某个学院的学生信息
//遍历学院
NSArray *classKeys = [collegeValue allKeys];
for (NSString *classKey in classKeys) {
/* 根据班级信息 显示学生信息
if ([classKey isEqualToString:@"class1412C"]) {
NSArray *classValue = [collegeValue objectForKey:classKey];直接输出,不需要遍历班级即可
}
*/
NSArray *classValue = [collegeValue objectForKey:classKey];
//遍历班级
for (TRStudent *stu in classValue) {
/* 根据姓名查询学生信息
if ([stu.name isEqualToString:@"zhangsan"]) {
NSLog(@"name:%@ age:%d",stu.name,stu.age);
}*/
NSLog(@"name:%@ age:%d",stu.name,stu.age);
}
}
} }
return ;
}
===================================================================================================
知识点
十二、Block代码段
.Block封装了段代码,可以在任何时候调用执行,Block可以作为方法的参数、方法的返回值,和传统的函数指针相似。
.Block与函数的区别
a.Block是OC的语法
b.Block的定义可以写在方法中
c.使用起来更直接,耦合度更低
d.直接用,不用声明
.Block的语法
a.声明
返回值类型
Block变量名
参数
int(^Sum2)(int,int)
b.定义
返回值类型
参数
= ^int(int i,int j){
return i+j;
};
c.调用
Block变量名
Sum2(,);
d.自定义Block类型
Block类型
typedef void(^Block)(void);
Block b1;使用类型声明变量
b1();Block变量才可以使用 .Block的定义与声明
.声明定义在函数外
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
//^block的标识 Sum是block的名字
//声明时也可以省略到变量i,j
//通常定义与声明放到一起
int(^Sum)(int i,int j)=^(int i,int j){
return i+j;
}; int main(int argc, const char * argv[])
{ @autoreleasepool {
int s=Sum(,);//block调用
NSLog(@"%d",s); }
return ;
}
结果: .定义在函数内部
int main(int argc, const char * argv[])
{ @autoreleasepool {
//block的定义与声明可以放到函数内部
int(^Sum2)(int i,int j);//声明
Sum2=^(int i,int j){//定义
return i+j;
};
int s2=Sum2(,);//block调用
NSLog(@"%d",s2);
}
return ;
}
结果:
.Block的排序
@autoreleasepool {
TRStudent* stu1=[TRStudent studentWithAge: andName:@"zhangsan"];
TRStudent* stu2=[TRStudent studentWithAge: andName:@"lisi"];
TRStudent* stu3=[TRStudent studentWithAge: andName:@"wangwu"];
TRStudent* stu4=[TRStudent studentWithAge: andName:@"fangwu"];
NSArray* array=[NSArray arrayWithObjects:stu1,stu2,stu3,stu4, nil];
NSLog(@"%@",array);
NSArray* array2=[array sortedArrayUsingComparator:^NSComparisonResult(id obj1, id obj2) {
TRStudent*stu11=obj1;//利用两个进行比较
TRStudent*stu21=obj2;
//return [stu1.name compare:stu2.name];
NSNumber*n1=[NSNumber numberWithInt:stu11.age];
NSNumber*n2=[NSNumber numberWithInt:stu21.age];
return [n1 compare:n2]; }];
NSLog(@"%@",array2);
结果:
(
"age:18 name:zhangsan",
"age:23 name:lisi",
"age:22 name:wangwu",
"age:17 name:fangwu"
)
(
"age:17 name:fangwu",
"age:18 name:zhangsan",
"age:22 name:wangwu",
"age:23 name:lisi"
) .自定义Block类型
//自定义
// 返回值类型 Block是类型 参数
typedef void(^Block)(void);
Block b1;
b1=^{
NSLog(@"Block");
};//注意封号
b1();//调用
结果:
Block
作业:
.通讯录
TelphoneInfo
name
有多个用户
添加用户信息addUser:(TRUserInfo*)…
删除用户信息->根据用户姓名removeUserByName
查看(单) 某个人信息->根据用户姓名
checkByName
查看(多) 所有人信息
list…
查看(多) 所有人信息->根据用户姓名排序
sortedListByName…
用户
UserInfo
name
email
telphone
show 显示用户信息
TRUserInfo.h
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h> @interface TRUserInfo : NSObject
@property(nonatomic,copy)NSString *name;
@property(nonatomic,copy)NSString *telphone;
@property(nonatomic,copy)NSString *email;
-(id)initWithName:(NSString *)name andTelphone:(NSString *)telphone andEmail:(NSString *)email;
+(TRUserInfo*)userInfoWithName:(NSString *)name andTelphone:(NSString *)telphone andEmail:(NSString *)email;
-(void)show;
@end TRUserInfo.m
#import "TRUserInfo.h" @implementation TRUserInfo
-(id)initWithName:(NSString *)name andTelphone:(NSString *)telphone andEmail:(NSString *)email{
self = [super init];
if (self) {
self.name = name;
self.telphone = telphone;
self.email = email;
}
return self;
}
+(TRUserInfo*)userInfoWithName:(NSString *)name andTelphone:(NSString *)telphone andEmail:(NSString *)email{
return [[TRUserInfo alloc]initWithName:name andTelphone:telphone andEmail:email];
}
-(void)show{
NSLog(@"name:%@ telphone:%@ email:%@",self.name,self.telphone,self.email);
}
@end TRTelphoneInfo.h
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "TRUserInfo.h"
@interface TRTelphoneInfo : NSObject
@property(nonatomic,copy)NSString *name;
-(id)initWithName:(NSString*)name;
+(id)telphoneInfoWithName:(NSString*)name;
//添加用户信息
-(void)addUser:(TRUserInfo*)user;
//删除用户信息
-(void)removeUserByName:(NSString*)name;
//查看某个人信息
-(void)checkUserByName:(NSString*)name;
//查看所有人信息
-(void)list;
//查看所有人信息并排序
-(void)sortedListByName;
@end TRTelphoneInfo.m
#import "TRTelphoneInfo.h"
//扩展方法 组合
@interface TRTelphoneInfo()
@property(nonatomic,strong)NSMutableArray *userInfos;
@end @implementation TRTelphoneInfo
-(id)initWithName:(NSString*)name{
self = [super init];
if (self) {
self.name = name;
self.userInfos = [NSMutableArray array];
}
return self;
}
+(id)telphoneInfoWithName:(NSString*)name{
return [[TRTelphoneInfo alloc]initWithName:name];
} //添加用户信息
-(void)addUser:(TRUserInfo*)user{
[self.userInfos addObject:user];
}
//删除用户信息
-(void)removeUserByName:(NSString*)name{
TRUserInfo *temp = nil;
for (TRUserInfo* userInfo in self.userInfos) {
if([userInfo.name isEqualToString:name]){
temp = userInfo;
}
}
[self.userInfos removeObject:temp];
}
//查看某个人信息
-(void)checkUserByName:(NSString*)name{
BOOL isFlag = NO;
for (TRUserInfo* userInfo in self.userInfos) {
if([userInfo.name isEqualToString:name]){
//NSLog(@"name:%@ telphone:%@ email:%@",userInfo.name,userInfo.telphone,userInfo.email);
isFlag = YES;
[userInfo show];
break;
}
}
if (!isFlag) {
NSLog(@"您输入的姓名不存在,请重新输入!");
}
}
//查看所有人信息
-(void)list{
for (TRUserInfo* userInfo in self.userInfos) {
[userInfo show];
}
}
//查看所有人信息并排序
-(void)sortedListByName{
NSArray *sortedUserInfos = [self.userInfos sortedArrayUsingComparator:^NSComparisonResult(id obj1, id obj2) {
TRUserInfo *stu1 = obj1;
TRUserInfo *stu2 = obj2;
return [stu1.name compare:stu2.name];
}]; for (TRUserInfo* userInfo in sortedUserInfos) {
[userInfo show];
}
}
@end main.m
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "TRUserInfo.h"
#import "TRTelphoneInfo.h"
int main(int argc, const char * argv[])
{ @autoreleasepool {
TRUserInfo *u1 = [TRUserInfo userInfoWithName:@"zhangsan" andTelphone:@"" andEmail:@"[email protected]"];
TRUserInfo *u2 = [TRUserInfo userInfoWithName:@"lisi" andTelphone:@"" andEmail:@"[email protected]"];
TRUserInfo *u3 = [TRUserInfo userInfoWithName:@"wangwu" andTelphone:@"" andEmail:@"[email protected]"];
TRTelphoneInfo *telphoneInfo = [TRTelphoneInfo telphoneInfoWithName:@"电信"];
//添加用户信息
[telphoneInfo addUser:u1];
[telphoneInfo addUser:u2];
[telphoneInfo addUser:u3];
//查看所有用户信息
//[telphoneInfo list];
//查看按姓名排序的所有用户信息
//[telphoneInfo sortedListByName];
//查看某个人的信息 通过名字
//[telphoneInfo checkUserByName:@"lisi"];
//根据姓名 删除某个人的信息
[telphoneInfo removeUserByName:@"lisi"];
[telphoneInfo list];
}
return ;
} 作业2:
学生管理系统
.创建班级
.删除班级
.查询所有班级
.向班级中添加学生
.查询所有班级所有学生
.删除班级中的学生
.学生有学习成绩(语文、数学、英语)
.将学生的成绩排序 补充:
.Runtime是什么
.是OC语言提供的一些C函数库,这些C函数可以在程序运行期间获取类信息,创建对象,调用方法。。。
.当通过Selector调用方法时,编译器无法确认内存中是否有问题,会有相应警告出现,可以用以下方式取消警告。
.OC真在在执行的时候,会先翻译成C++/C,再转换成汇编代码(计算机识别的代码)。OC非真正面向对象,而是假的面向对象。
.NSObjectRuntime.h头文件串的函数
NSStringFromSelector //根据方法获取方法名
NSSelectorFromString //根据方法名获取方法
NSStringFromClass //根据类获取类名
NSClassFromString //根据类名获取类
NSStringFromProtocol //根据协议获取协议名
NSProtocolFromString //根据协议名获取协议 NSDictionary *user = @{@"className":@"TRPerson",
@"property":@{@"name":@"zhangsan",@"gender":@"female"},
@"method":@"show"};
NSDictionary *user2 = @{@"className":@"TRPerson",
@"property":@{@"name”:@“lisi”,@“gender”:@“Male”},
@"method":@"show"};
NSArray *users = @[user,user2];
例:
@autoreleasepool { //通过字符串信息,也可以创建对象
NSString *className = @"TRPerson";
Class class = NSClassFromString(className);
id obj = [[class alloc]init];
NSString *methodName = @"show";
SEL method = NSSelectorFromString(methodName);
[obj performSelector:method];
NSString *name = @"zhangsan";
NSString *gender = @"male";
SEL setName = NSSelectorFromString(@"setName:");
[obj performSelector:setName withObject:name];
SEL setGenger = NSSelectorFromString(@"setGender:");
[obj performSelector:setGenger withObject:gender];
[obj performSelector:method]; //模拟动态创建对象,可以叫反射
//根据文件中读出来的数据 创建相应的对象 NSDictionary *user = @{@"className":@"TRPerson",
@"property":@{@"name":@"zhangsan",@"gender":@"female"},@"method":@"show"};
NSArray *users = @[user,user2];
for (NSDictionary *user in users) {
//通过运行时 得到对象 属性 方法
//创建一个对象 ***放到对象数组中
} }
copy:得到一个不可改变的对象,复制了一份。NSstring
strong:只得到一个内存空间 NSMutableString
ARC:
NSstring 、block:copy
OC对象:strong
简单基本数据类型、结构体: assign
04-14 00:45