工作以来,一直都是基于java web方向的开发,并没有java方向GUI相关的开发经验,不过好在之前用过winform开发。有了基础的套路,想来搞一下Swing也没有什么压力!到网上搜了一下相关的学习资料,有拖拖拽拽的控件,也有代码实现的。为了加深印象和理解,直接搞代码吧~

  参考了网上的相关博客,先有一个大体的了解,比如:http://www.blogjava.net/jerry-zhaoj/articles/283170.html

  选择了一个PDF作为学习的参考:Java Swing图形界面开发与案例详解 .王鹏等.扫描版.pdf

学习Swing之前,先来了解一下AWT:

  AWT(Abstract Windows Toolkit):抽象窗口工具集,提供了与本地图形化界面交互的接口,底层调用本地操作系统。由于实现依赖于本地操作系统,所以是重量级组件,Swing则是在实现AWT的基础上做扩展的,组件是以纯java的方式来实现的,不依赖于底层的操作系统,所以是轻量级组件。AWT设计的初衷是开发小的应用程序的图形界面,而非专门用于用户界面(UI)的工具包而设计,所以做UI有些欠缺,比如剪切板、弹出菜单、滚动等功能都不支持。

  接着照着第一章的例子做了3个demo,demo中不用关心具体的代码细节,先看大体的框架即可。

  demo1:登录窗口

  demo2:菜单栏、工具栏

  demo3:tab页签

demo1:

package com.comall.fastsvn.test.chapter1;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*; /**
* 登录界面
*/
public class SwingDemo1 extends JPanel {
private static final int JFRAME_WIDTH = 300;
private static final int JFRAME_HEIGHT= 150;
private SwingDemo1(){
//窗口-顶层面板
JFrame jFrame = new JFrame("登录窗口");
jFrame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
//网格布局,容器中的方法
GridBagLayout gridBagLayout = new GridBagLayout();
setLayout(gridBagLayout);
jFrame.add(this,BorderLayout.WEST);
jFrame.setSize(JFRAME_WIDTH,JFRAME_HEIGHT);
//位置:居中
Dimension dimension = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().getScreenSize();
jFrame.setLocation((int)(dimension.getWidth() - JFRAME_WIDTH ) / 2,(int)(dimension.getHeight() - JFRAME_HEIGHT ) / 2);
//组件
JLabel tipLabel = new JLabel("欢迎来到Java世界");
JLabel userLabel = new JLabel("用户名:");
JLabel pwdLabel = new JLabel("密码:");
JTextField userText = new JTextField(15);
JTextField pwdText = new JTextField(15);
JButton submitBtn = new JButton("登录");
JButton cancelBtn = new JButton("取消");
//网格布局
GridBagConstraints gridBagConstraints = new GridBagConstraints();
gridBagConstraints.fill = GridBagConstraints.NONE;
gridBagConstraints.anchor = GridBagConstraints.EAST;
gridBagConstraints.weightx = 3;
gridBagConstraints.weighty = 4;
//添加组件并指定组件的位置
addComponent(tipLabel,gridBagConstraints,0,0,4,1);
addComponent(userLabel,gridBagConstraints,0,1,1,1);
addComponent(pwdLabel,gridBagConstraints,0,2,1,1);
addComponent(userText,gridBagConstraints,2,1,1,1);
addComponent(pwdText,gridBagConstraints,2,2,1,1);
addComponent(submitBtn,gridBagConstraints,0,3,1,1);
addComponent(cancelBtn,gridBagConstraints,2,3,1,1);
//面板可见、不可编辑
jFrame.setResizable(false);
jFrame.setVisible(true);
} /**
* 添加组件
* @param component 组件
* @param gridBagConstraints
* @param x 行
* @param y 列
* @param w 宽
* @param h 高
*/
private void addComponent(Component component,GridBagConstraints gridBagConstraints,int x,int y,int w,int h){
gridBagConstraints.gridx = x;
gridBagConstraints.gridy = y;
gridBagConstraints.gridwidth = w;
gridBagConstraints.gridheight = h;
//Container中的方法
add(component,gridBagConstraints);
} public static void main(String[] args) {
new SwingDemo1();
} }

运行效果:

Swing入门学习-LMLPHP

demo2:

package com.comall.fastsvn.test.chapter1;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*; /**
* 菜单栏、工具栏
*/
public class SwingDemo2 {
private static final int JFRAME_WIDTH = 600;
private static final int JFRAME_HEIGHT= 400;
public SwingDemo2(){
//窗口-顶层面板
JFrame jFrame = new JFrame("菜单工具栏");
jFrame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
jFrame.setSize(JFRAME_WIDTH,JFRAME_HEIGHT);
//窗口内加入面板
JPanel jPanel = new JPanel();
jFrame.setContentPane(jPanel); //窗口加入菜单栏
JMenuBar menuBar = new JMenuBar();
jFrame.setJMenuBar(menuBar);
//菜单栏加菜单
JMenu menu1 = new JMenu("菜单1");
JMenu menu2 = new JMenu("菜单2");
menuBar.add(menu1);menuBar.add(menu2);
//菜单加子菜单
JMenuItem menuItem11 = new JMenuItem("子菜单11");
JMenuItem menuItem12 = new JMenuItem("子菜单12");
JMenuItem menuItem21 = new JMenuItem("子菜单21");
JMenuItem menuItem22 = new JMenuItem("子菜单22");
menu1.add(menuItem11);
menu1.addSeparator();
menu1.add(menuItem12);
menu2.add(menuItem21);
menu2.addSeparator();
menu2.add(menuItem22);
//面板加入工具栏
JButton jButton1 = new JButton("工具1");
JButton jButton2 = new JButton("工具2");
JButton jButton3 = new JButton("工具3");
JToolBar toolBar = new JToolBar();
toolBar.add(jButton1);
toolBar.add(jButton2);
toolBar.add(jButton3);
//布局
BorderLayout borderLayout = new BorderLayout();
jPanel.setLayout(borderLayout);
jPanel.add("North",toolBar);
//位置:居中
Dimension dimension = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().getScreenSize();
jFrame.setLocation((int)(dimension.getWidth() - JFRAME_WIDTH ) / 2,(int)(dimension.getHeight() - JFRAME_HEIGHT ) / 2);
//面板可见、不可编辑
jFrame.setResizable(false);
jFrame.setVisible(true); }
public static void main(String[] args) {
new SwingDemo2();
}
}

运行效果:

Swing入门学习-LMLPHP

demo3:

package com.comall.fastsvn.test.chapter1;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*; /**
*
*/
public class SwingDemo3 extends JTabbedPane{
private static final int JFRAME_WIDTH = 600;
private static final int JFRAME_HEIGHT= 400;
private SwingDemo3(){
//窗口-顶层面板
JFrame jFrame = new JFrame("tab页签");
jFrame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
jFrame.setSize(JFRAME_WIDTH,JFRAME_HEIGHT);
jFrame.setVisible(true);
//面板
JPanel jPanel = new JPanel();
jFrame.setContentPane(jPanel);
setLayout(new BorderLayout());
//子面板
JPanel jPanel1 = new JPanel();
JPanel jPanel2 = new JPanel();
jPanel1.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
addTab("panel1",jPanel1);
setEnabledAt(0,true);
setTitleAt(0,"测试页1");
addTab("panel2",jPanel2);
setEnabledAt(1,true);
setTitleAt(1,"测试页2");
setPreferredSize(new Dimension(500,200));
setTabPlacement(JTabbedPane.TOP);
setTabLayoutPolicy(JTabbedPane.SCROLL_TAB_LAYOUT);
jPanel.add("Center",this);
setVisible(true);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new SwingDemo3();
}
}

运行效果:

Swing入门学习-LMLPHP

05-28 20:03