1 概述
建造者模式(Builder Pattern)主要用于“分步骤构建一个复杂的对象”,在这其中“分步骤”是一个稳定的算法,而复杂对象的各个部分则经常变化。因此, 建造者模式主要用来解决“对象部分”的需求变化。 这样可以对对象构造的过程进行更加精细的控制。
2 示例
以生产手机为例,每个手机分为屏幕Screen、CPU、Battery。现在要生产两种手机,苹果机和三星。
苹果:
package org.scott.builder.before.use; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; /** * @author Scott * @version 2013-11-20 * @description */ public class ApplePhone { List<String> parts = new ArrayList<String>(); public void createCPU() { parts.add("CUP: Qualcomm"); } public void createScreen() { parts.add("SCREEN: JDI"); } public void createBattery() { parts.add("BATTERY: DeSai"); } public void show(){ System.out.print("产品部件信息:"); for(String part : parts){ System.out.print(part + "\t"); } } }
三星:
package org.scott.builder.before.use; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; /** * @author Scott * @version 2013-11-20 * @description */ public class SamsungPhone { List<String> parts = new ArrayList<String>(); public void createCPU() { parts.add("CUP: MTK"); } public void createScreen() { parts.add("SCREEN: Samsung"); } public void createBattery() { parts.add("BATTERY: DeSai"); } public void show(){ System.out.print("产品部件信息:"); for(String part : parts){ System.out.print(part + "\t"); } } }
测试客户端:
package org.scott.builder.before.use; /** * @author Scott * @version 2013-11-20 * @description */ public class BuilerTest { private static ApplePhone iphone = new ApplePhone(); private static SamsungPhone samPhone = new SamsungPhone(); public static void main(String args[]){ iphone.createCPU(); iphone.createScreen(); iphone.createBattery(); iphone.show(); samPhone.createCPU(); samPhone.createScreen(); samPhone.createBattery(); samPhone.show(); } }
是不是发现个问题?那就是生产手机的每一道工序都是一样的,确切的说是工序名称一样,只是具体的每个工序的处理不同,工序是不变的,就这么几步,每道工序的具体处理是变化的,由此,我们可以把不变的抽取出来,以“不变应万变”,将变化的,交给具体的产品来做。
具体怎么做?这回的Builder模式派上用场了。
首先来个Phone的接口:
package org.scott.builder.after.use; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; /** * @author Scott * @version 2013-11-20 * @description */ public abstract class Phone { protected List<String> parts = new ArrayList<String>(); public void add(String part){ parts.add(part); } public void show(){ System.out.print("产品部件信息:"); for(String part : parts){ System.out.print(part + "\t"); } } }
苹果手机类:
package org.scott.builder.after.use; /** * @author Scott * @version 2013-11-20 * @description */ public class ApplePhone extends Phone{ }
三星手机类:
package org.scott.builder.after.use; /** * @author Scott * @version 2013-11-20 * @description */ public class SamsungPhone extends Phone{ }
再定义个生产步骤的接口Builder:
package org.scott.builder.after.use; /** * @author Scott * @version 2013-11-20 * @description */ public interface Builder { public void buildCPU(); public void buildScreen(); public void buildBattery(); public Phone getPhone(); }
苹果手机的Builder:
package org.scott.builder.after.use; /** * @author Scott * @version 2013-11-20 * @description */ public class ApplePhoneBuilder implements Builder{ private Phone phone = new ApplePhone(); @Override public void buildCPU() { phone.add("CUP: Qualcomm"); } @Override public void buildScreen() { phone.add("SCREEN: JDI"); } @Override public void buildBattery() { phone.add("BATTERY: DeSai"); } @Override public Phone getPhone() { return phone; } }
三星手机的Builder:
package org.scott.builder.after.use; /** * @author Scott * @version 2013-11-20 * @description */ public class SamsungPhoneBuilder implements Builder{ private Phone phone = new SamsungPhone(); @Override public void buildCPU() { phone.add("CUP: MTK"); } @Override public void buildScreen() { phone.add("SCREEN: Samsung"); } @Override public void buildBattery() { phone.add("BATTERY: DeSai"); } @Override public Phone getPhone() { return phone; } }
指导具体生产手机的Director:
package org.scott.builder.after.use; /** * @author Scott * @version 2013-11-20 * @description */ public class Director { private Builder builder; public Director(Builder builder){ this.builder = builder; } public void construct(){ builder.buildCPU(); builder.buildScreen(); builder.buildBattery(); } }
最后写个测试类:
package org.scott.builder.after.use; /** * @author Scott * @version 2013-11-20 * @description */ public class BuilderTest { private static Builder iPhoneBuilder = new ApplePhoneBuilder(); private static Builder samPhoneBuilder = new SamsungPhoneBuilder(); public static void main(String[] args) { Director director = new Director(iPhoneBuilder); director.construct(); Phone phone = iPhoneBuilder.getPhone(); System.out.println("iphone"); phone.show(); director = new Director(samPhoneBuilder); director.construct(); phone = samPhoneBuilder.getPhone(); System.out.println("\nsamSung"); phone.show(); } }
运行结果:
iphone 产品部件信息:CUP: Qualcomm SCREEN: JDI BATTERY: DeSai samSung 产品部件信息:CUP: MTK SCREEN: Samsung BATTERY: DeSai
这里的两个Phone实体类是空的,如果是这种情况,那么它们可以省略掉,如果 Phone接口也可以被省略掉,最终剩下的就只有 Director、Builder、和具体的 Bulider 实现类。并且,ApplePhone类和 SamsungPhone类是有关系的两个类,它们不同的手机品牌,如果遇到两个或多个没有太多关系的类,公共的接口Phone就没有存在的必要,但是这时候,那么 Builder 接口的规定的 getPhone() 方法的返回值怎么确定呢?
无论返回值类型是 ApplePhone还是SamsungPhone,都会产生问题,因为返回结果的类型不统一。此时,可以将 Phone定义成一个空接口(不包含任何方法的接口),再让这些没有相互关系的具体产品类都去实现这个接口,那么 Builder 接口里面规定的 getPhone() 方法的返回值类型依然是 Phone 类型,就解决问题了。不过这种情况下,也就没有使用Builder模式的必要了。
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