多对一单向外键
1,多方持有一方的引用,比如:多个学生对应一个班级(多对一)
2,@ManyToOne(cascade={CascadeType.ALL}, fetch=FetchType.EAGER) cascade表示一种级联关系,fetch表示抓取策略(eager表示渴望,积极)
@JoinColumn(name="cid", referencedColumnName="CID") 表示多方持有一方引用,一方的外键用name表示,referencedColumnName表示对应数据库里面字段。
第一步:创建外键类:班级类。
注意:1,别忘了加上实体类的注解:@Entity。2,给主键加上注解:因为主键是String类型,不能自动生成,所以加上主键生成器@GeneratedValue,并且指定主键生成
策略为手工赋值@GenericGenerator。为了控制String长度,加上@Column注解。
package mto_fk;
import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import org.hibernate.annotations.GenericGenerator; //班级实体类
@Entity
public class ClassRoom { @Id
@GeneratedValue(generator="cid") //因为主键是String类型,不是int,不能自动生成,所以必须使用主键生成器
@GenericGenerator(name="cid", strategy="assigned")//指定生成策略为手工赋值
@Column(length=4) //指定主键长度
private String cid;//班级的编号
private String cname;//班级的名字 public ClassRoom()
{ } public String getCid() {
return cid;
}
public void setCid(String cid) {
this.cid = cid;
}
public String getCname() {
return cname;
}
public void setCname(String cname) {
this.cname = cname;
}
}
第二步:创建学生类,作为主控方,代码如下:
注意:1,给教室类的属性,的get方法加上注解:@ManyToOne,
2,指定这个类的属性里面作为学生类的外键的属性cid,并且指定该外键在表中的字段为CID。@JoinColumn(name="cid", referencedColumnName="CID")。
(注意,教室类作为属性的在里面的作用就是指定学生类的外键,也就是指定cid,映射为表里面的字段为CID)
package mto_fk; import java.util.Date; import javax.persistence.CascadeType;
import javax.persistence.Entity;/*JPA主键*/
import javax.persistence.FetchType;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.JoinColumn;
import javax.persistence.ManyToOne;
import javax.persistence.Table; /*学生实体类*/
@Entity
@Table(name="Students",schema="sys")
public class Students { private int sid;
private String gender;//性别
private Date birthday;
private String major;//专业 private ClassRoom classRoom;//教室
public Students()
{ } public Students( int sid,String gender, Date birthday, String major) {
//super();
this.sid=sid;
this.gender = gender;
this.birthday = birthday;
this.major = major;
} @Id
@GeneratedValue //主键自动增长
public int getSid() {
return sid;
}
public void setSid(int sid) {
this.sid = sid;
}
public String getGender() {
return gender;
} public void setGender(String gender) {
this.gender = gender;
} public Date getBirthday() {
return birthday;
} public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
this.birthday = birthday;
} public String getMajor() {
return major;
} public void setMajor(String major) {
this.major = major;
} @ManyToOne(cascade= {CascadeType.ALL},fetch=FetchType.EAGER) //级联关系和抓取策略
@JoinColumn(name="cid", referencedColumnName="CID") //指定外键字段
public ClassRoom getClassRoom() {
return classRoom;
} public void setClassRoom(ClassRoom classRoom) {
this.classRoom = classRoom;
} }
注册到配置:
添加测试:
package mto_fk;
import java.util.EnumSet;
import org.hibernate.boot.Metadata;
import org.hibernate.boot.MetadataSources;
import org.hibernate.boot.registry.StandardServiceRegistryBuilder;
import org.hibernate.service.ServiceRegistry;
import org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.SchemaExport;
import org.hibernate.tool.schema.TargetType;
import org.junit.Test; public class testStudents { @Test
public void testSchemaExport()
{
//创建服务注册对象
ServiceRegistry serviceRegistry = new StandardServiceRegistryBuilder().configure().build();
//创建Metadata对象
Metadata metadata =new MetadataSources(serviceRegistry).buildMetadata();
//创建SchemaExport对象
SchemaExport export = new SchemaExport();
export.create(EnumSet.of(TargetType.DATABASE),metadata);
}
}
运行成功后表:
测试添加记录:
1,因为sid自动生成,所以构造函数不要永sid的属性
package mto_fk;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.EnumSet;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.boot.Metadata;
import org.hibernate.boot.MetadataSources;
import org.hibernate.boot.registry.StandardServiceRegistryBuilder;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import org.hibernate.service.ServiceRegistry;
import org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.SchemaExport;
import org.hibernate.tool.schema.TargetType;
import org.junit.Test; public class testStudents { @Test
public void testSchemaExport()
{
//创建服务注册对象
ServiceRegistry serviceRegistry = new StandardServiceRegistryBuilder().configure().build();
//创建Metadata对象
Metadata metadata =new MetadataSources(serviceRegistry).buildMetadata();
//创建SchemaExport对象
SchemaExport export = new SchemaExport();
export.create(EnumSet.of(TargetType.DATABASE),metadata);
} @Test
public void addStudetns()
{
Configuration config=new Configuration().configure();
//创建服务注册对象。
ServiceRegistry serviceRegistry = new StandardServiceRegistryBuilder().configure().build();
//创建会话工厂对象
SessionFactory sessionFactory=config.buildSessionFactory(serviceRegistry);
//创建会话对象
Session session=sessionFactory.openSession();
//开启事务
Transaction transaction=session.beginTransaction(); //创建班级对象
ClassRoom c1=new ClassRoom("C001","软件工程");
ClassRoom c2=new ClassRoom("C002","网络工程");
//创建学生对象
Students s1=new Students("张三","男",new Date(),"计算机专业");
Students s2=new Students("李四","男",new Date(),"计算机专业");
Students s3=new Students("王五","男",new Date(),"计算机专业");
Students s4=new Students("赵六","男",new Date(),"计算机专业");
//设置班级
s1.setClassRoom(c1);
s2.setClassRoom(c1);
s3.setClassRoom(c2);
s4.setClassRoom(c2);
//保存班级
session.save(c1);
session.save(c2);
//保存学生
session.save(s1);
session.save(s2);
session.save(s3);
session.save(s4); transaction.commit();
}
}
测试结果:可见sid是自动生成,自动叠加的。