装饰者模式的定义

动态地将责任附加到对象上,若要扩展功能,装饰者提供了比继承更有弹性的替代方案 

装饰者模式的UML类图

Java设计模式系列之装饰者模式-LMLPHP

一般来说装饰者模式有下面几个参与者:

  • Component:装饰者和被装饰者共同的父类,是一个接口或者抽象类,用来定义基本行为
  • ConcreteComponent:定义具体对象,即被装饰者
  • Decorator:抽象装饰者,继承自Component,从外类来扩展ConcreteComponent。对于ConcreteComponent来说,不需要知道Decorator的存在,Decorator是一个接口或抽象类
  • ConcreteDecorator:具体装饰者,用于扩展ConcreteComponent

注:装饰者和被装饰者对象有相同的超类型,因为装饰者和被装饰者必须是一样的类型,这里利用继承是为了达到类型匹配,而不是利用继承获得行为。

利用继承设计子类,只能在编译时静态决定,并且所有子类都会继承相同的行为;利用组合的做法扩展对象,就可以在运行时动态的进行扩展。装饰者模式遵循开放-关闭原则:类应该对扩展开放,对修改关闭。利用装饰者,我们可以实现新的装饰者增加新的行为而不用修改现有代码,而如果单纯依赖继承,每当需要新行为时,还得修改现有的代码。

example:

/**
* @author yaoshw
*/
public class TestMyIdea {
public static void main(String[] args) { //不添加任何调料的饮料A
Beverage beverage = new APart();
System.out.println("Apart:" + beverage.getDescription() + "," + beverage.cost()); //添加摩卡调料的饮料B
Beverage beverage1 = new Mocha(new BPart());
System.out.println("Bpart:" + beverage1.getDescription() + "," + beverage1.cost()); //添加双份摩卡的饮料C Beverage beverage2 = new Mocha(new Mocha(new CPart()));
System.out.println("Cpart:" + beverage2.getDescription() + "," + beverage2.cost()); //添加一份摩卡、一份豆浆的饮料D Beverage beverage3 = new Soy(new Mocha(new DPart()));
System.out.println("Dpart:" + beverage3.getDescription() + "," + beverage3.cost()); }
} /**
* 抽象类,相当于Component:cost方法和getDescription方法
*/
abstract class Beverage { String description = "UnKnownBeverage"; public String getDescription() {
return description;
} public abstract double cost();
} abstract class CondimentDerector extends Beverage {
@Override
public abstract String getDescription();
} /**
* 具体装饰者:摩卡
*/
class Mocha extends CondimentDerector { /**
* 保留基类的引用,以便于组合装饰者行为
*/
Beverage beverage; public Mocha(Beverage beverage) {
this.beverage = beverage;
} @Override
public double cost() {
return beverage.cost() + 2;
} @Override
public String getDescription() {
return beverage.getDescription() + ",monka";
}
} /**
* 具体装饰者:豆浆
*/
class Soy extends CondimentDerector { Beverage beverage; public Soy(Beverage beverage) {
this.beverage = beverage;
} @Override
public double cost() {
return beverage.cost() + 3;
} @Override
public String getDescription() {
return beverage.getDescription() + "soy";
}
} /**
* 调料A
*/
class APart extends Beverage { public APart() {
description = "Apart";
} @Override
public double cost() {
return 19.5;
}
} /**
* 调料B
*/
class BPart extends Beverage { public BPart() {
description = "Bpart";
} @Override
public double cost() {
return 20.5;
}
} /**
* 调料C
*/
class CPart extends Beverage { public CPart() {
description = "Cpart";
} @Override
public double cost() {
return 21.5;
}
} /**
* 调料D
*/
class DPart extends Beverage { public DPart() {
description = "Dpart";
} @Override
public double cost() {
return 22.5;
}
}
05-07 09:30