一、Hibernate简介
在很多场景下,我们不需要使用JdbcTemplate直接操作SQL语句,这时候可以用ORM工具来节省数大量的的代码和开发时间。ORM工具能够把注意力从容易出错的SQL代码转向如何实现应用程序的真正需求。
Spring对ORM框架的支持提供了与这些框架的集成点以及一些附加的服务:
支持集成Spring声明式事务;
透明的异常处理;
线程安全的、轻量级的模板类;
DAO支持类;
资源管理。
Hibernate是在开发者社区很流行的开源ORM框架。
二、Spring+Hibernate实例
1.创建数据库表
mysql新建数据库store,然后执行如下sql:
1 create table Category (2 Id int not null,3 Name varchar(80) null,4 constraint pk_category primary key (Id)5 );6 7 INSERT INTO category(id,Name) VALUES (1,'女装');8 INSERT INTO category(id,Name) VALUES (2,'美妆');9 INSERT INTO category(id,Name) VALUES (3,'书籍');
2.代码结构
我用的IDE是IdeaIU,通过maven构建项目,通过xml配置spring。完成后的代码结构为:
3.创建实体类Category
class Category{ private int cateId; private String cateName; //次数省略get,set方法 @Override public String toString() { return "id="+cateId+" name="+cateName; } }
4.修改pom.xml,引入相关依赖。
<dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.12</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId> <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId> <version>4.3.5.Final</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <version>5.1.30</version> </dependency> </dependencies>
5.配置applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx "> <bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource"> <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"></property> <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/store"></property> <property name="username" value="root"></property> <property name="password" value="root"></property> </bean> <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.LocalSessionFactoryBean"> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/> <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate/hibernate.cfg.xml"/> </bean> <tx:annotation-driven/> <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.HibernateTransactionManager"> <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"/> </bean> <bean id="categoryDao" class="CategoryDao"> <constructor-arg ref="sessionFactory"></constructor-arg> </bean> </beans>
dataSource没什么特别的,就不在解释了。看下其他几点:
①hibernate sessionFactory:
使用Hibernate所需的主要接口是org.hibernate.Session,Session接口提供了CRUD等最基本的数据访问功能。通过Hibernate的Session接口,应用程序的Repository能够满足所有的持久化需求。而获取Hibernate Session对象的标准方式是借助于Hibernate SessionFactory接口的实现类。
在sessionFactory配置主要设置了两个属性:dataSource设置了数据连接,configLocation设置了hibernate配置文件的路径。
②事务
要是数据库操作支持事务,需要配置<tx:annotation-driven/>和transactionManager。
6.hibernate配置
①hibernate.cfg.xml
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN" "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-configuration> <session-factory> <property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property> <property name="show_sql">true</property> <mapping resource="hibernate/Category.hbm.xml"/> </session-factory> </hibernate-configuration>
②Category.hbm.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-mapping> <class name="Category" table="Category"> <id name="cateId" column="id"> <generator class="native"/> </id> <property name="cateName" column="name"/> </class> </hibernate-mapping>
7.数据访问实现类CategoryDao
如果方法要支持事务,需要加注解@Transactional。
public class CategoryDao { private SessionFactory sessionFactory; public CategoryDao(SessionFactory sessionFactory) { this.sessionFactory = sessionFactory; } private Session currentSession() { return sessionFactory.getCurrentSession(); } @Transactional public void save(Category category) { currentSession().save(category); } @Transactional public void update(Category category){ currentSession().update(category); } @Transactional public void delete(int id) { Query query = currentSession().createSQLQuery("DELETE FROM category WHERE Id=::ID"); query.setInteger("::ID", id); query.executeUpdate(); } @Transactional public int count() { return getAll().size(); } @Transactional public Category getById(int id) { Criteria criteria=currentSession().createCriteria(Category.class); criteria.add(Restrictions.eq("id",id)); return (Category) criteria.uniqueResult(); } @Transactional public List<Category> getAll() { return currentSession().createCriteria(Category.class).list(); } }
8.测试
@ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:applicationContext.xml") @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) public class testCategoryDao { @Autowired private CategoryDao categoryDao; @Test public void testAdd() { Category category = new Category(); category.setCateId(4); category.setCateName("母婴"); categoryDao.save(category); } @Test public void testUpdate() { Category category = new Category(); category.setCateId(4); category.setCateName("男装"); categoryDao.update(category); } @Test public void testGetById() { int id = 4; Category category = categoryDao.getById(id); if(category==null){ System.out.println("not exist"); }else { System.out.println(category.toString()); } } @Test public void testGetAll() { List<Category> categories = categoryDao.getAll(); for (Category item : categories) { System.out.println(item); } } @Test public void testCount() { int count = categoryDao.count(); System.out.println(count); } @Test public void testDelete() { int id = 4; categoryDao.delete(id); } }
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