前述:
go 中defer 给出了一种,延时调用的方式来释放资源。但是对于C/C++去没有内置的这种属性。对于经常手动管理内存的C/C++有其是C程序员这种特性显得无比重要。这里给出了一种基于GCC/Clang 编译器扩展属性(cleanup)来模拟实现defer的一种方式。
头文件如下:(我只对C/C++在GCC/CLANG Linux 平台做了测试,Object-C没有测试)
#ifndef __SCOPEGUARD_H__
#define __SCOPEGUARD_H__ #define __SCOPEGUARD_CONCATENATE_IMPL(s1, s2) s1##s2
#define __SCOPEGUARD_CONCATENATE(s1, s2) __SCOPEGUARD_CONCATENATE_IMPL(s1, s2) #if defined(__cplusplus)
#include <type_traits> // ScopeGuard for C++11
namespace clover
{
template <typename Fun>
class ScopeGuard
{
public:
ScopeGuard(Fun &&f) : _fun(std::forward<Fun>(f)), _active(true) {} ~ScopeGuard()
{
if (_active)
{
_fun();
}
} void dismiss() { _active = false; } ScopeGuard() = delete;
ScopeGuard(const ScopeGuard &) = delete;
ScopeGuard &operator=(const ScopeGuard &) = delete;
ScopeGuard(ScopeGuard &&rhs) : _fun(std::move(rhs._fun)), _active(rhs._active) { rhs.dismiss(); } private:
Fun _fun;
bool _active;
}; namespace detail
{
enum class ScopeGuardOnExit
{
}; template <typename Fun>
inline ScopeGuard<Fun> operator+(ScopeGuardOnExit, Fun &&fn)
{
return ScopeGuard<Fun>(std::forward<Fun>(fn));
}
} // namespace detail
} // namespace clover // Helper macro
#define DEFER \
auto __SCOPEGUARD_CONCATENATE(ext_exitBlock_, __LINE__) = \
clover::detail::ScopeGuardOnExit() + [&]() #elif defined(__APPLE__)
/* ScopeGuard for Objective-C */
typedef void (^ext_cleanupBlock_t)(void);
static inline void ext_executeCleanupBlock(__strong ext_cleanupBlock_t *block) { (*block)(); }
#define DEFER \
__strong ext_cleanupBlock_t __SCOPEGUARD_CONCATENATE(ext_exitBlock_, __LINE__) \
__attribute__((cleanup(ext_executeCleanupBlock), unused)) = ^ #elif (defined(__linux__) || defined(__ANDROID__)) && !defined(__llvm__)
/**
* Linux(HOST) GCC does not support extension 'blocks' and keyword '__strong'
* So, just use cleanup in plain way
*/
#define DEFER(expr) \
void __SCOPEGUARD_CONCATENATE(__FUNC_, __LINE__)(void *_arg) \
{ \
(void)_arg; \
expr \
} \
int __USELESS_V __attribute__((cleanup(__SCOPEGUARD_CONCATENATE(__FUNC_, __LINE__)))); #endif #endif //__SCOPEGUARD_H__
测试:
不需要过多的解释,直接看执行结果就知道了。当超出作用域(break,goto,return)之后,会自动调用指定的内存释放函数(当然这里也可以用其他函数来代替)。()
C++:
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include "scopeguard.h"
using namespace std; int main()
{
string *as = new string("hello world!");
DEFER
{
cout << "in scope guard" << endl;
delete as;
};
cout << "at end" << endl;
return 0;
} $ c++ xx.c
$ ./a.out
at end
in scope guard
C:
#include <stdio.h>
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
{
DEFER(
printf("call defer\n");
);
printf("will quit scope\n");
}
printf("before return\n");
return 0;
}
$ cc xx.c
$ ./a.out
will quit scope
call defer
before return
需要注意的是这里DEFER 宏展开后会发现,这里发生了函数的嵌套定义,经测试Clang 不支持函数嵌套定义,应次在头文件添加了对 __llvm__ Clang独有编译器宏的判断。
此上C代码不能在安装Clang的Linux下编译(OSX不在此考虑范围,参考头文件__APPLE__宏)
参考:
https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/21303431
https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/35191739