bufferbuffer是一个内存地址空间,Linux系统默认大小一般为4096(4kb),即一个内存页。主要用于存储速度不同步的设备或者优先级不同的设备之间传办理数据的区域。通过buffer,可以使进程这间的相互等待变少。这里说一个通俗一点的例子,你打开文本编辑器编辑一个文件的时候,你每输入一个字符,操作系统并不会立即把这个字符直接写入到磁盘,而是先写入到buffer,当写满了一个buffer的时候,才会把buffer中的数据写入磁盘,当然当调用内核函数flush()的时候,强制要求把buffer中的脏数据写回磁盘。同样的道理,当执行echo,print的时候,输出并没有立即通过tcp传给客户端浏览器显示, 而是将数据写入 tcp buffer -> browser现象:不是每隔几秒就会有间断性输出,而是直到响应结束,才能看一次性看到输出,在等待服务器脚本处理结束之前,浏览器界面一直保持空白。这是因为,数据量太小,tcp buffer->browser2.当output_buffering=0,并且输出较少数据(少于一个buffer)复制代码 代码如下://应该编辑/etc/现象:与刚才显示并不一致,禁用了tcp buffer->browser3.当output_buffering=4096.,输出数据大于一个buffer,不调用ob_start()创建一个4kb大小的文件$dd if=/dev/zero of=f4096 bs=4096 count=1复制代码 代码如下: echo file_get_contents('./f4096') . $i . ''; sleep($i +1);}?>现象:响应还没结束(http连接没有关闭),断断续续可以看到间断性输出,浏览器界面不会一直保持空白。尽管启用了现象:直到服务端脚本处理完成,响应结束,才看到完整输,输出间隔时间很短,以至你感受不到停顿。在输出之前,浏览器一直保持着空白界面,等待服务端数据。这是因为, 192.168.0.28.cymtec-port: . ack 485 win 6432 12:30:21.500127 IP 192.168.0.8.webcache > 192.168.0.28.cymtec-port: . 1:2921(2920) ack 485 win 6432 12:30:21.501000 IP 192.168.0.8.webcache > 192.168.0.28.cymtec-port: . 2921:7301(4380) ack 485 win 6432 12:30:21.501868 IP 192.168.0.8.webcache > 192.168.0.28.cymtec-port: P 7301:8412(1111) ack 485 win 643 12:30:24.502340 IP 192.168.0.8.webcache > 192.168.0.28.cymtec-port: . 8412:14252(5840) ack 485 win 6432 12:30:24.503214 IP 192.168.0.8.webcache > 192.168.0.28.cymtec-port: . 14252:15712(1460) ack 485 win 6432 12:30:24.503217 IP 192.168.0.8.webcache > 192.168.0.28.cymtec-port: P 15712:16624(912) ack 485 win 6432 12:30:31.505934 IP 192.168.0.8.webcache > 192.168.0.28.cymtec-port: . 16624:23924(7300) ack 485 win 6432 12:30:31.506839 IP 192.168.0.8.webcache > 192.168.0.28.cymtec-port: P 23924:24836(912) ack 485 win 6432 12:30:42.508871 IP 192.168.0.8.webcache > 192.168.0.28.cymtec-port: . 24836:32136(7300) ack 485 win 6432 12:30:42.509744 IP 192.168.0.8.webcache > 192.168.0.28.cymtec-port: P 32136:33048(912) ack 485 win 6432 12:30:57.512137 IP 192.168.0.8.webcache > 192.168.0.28.cymtec-port: . 33048:40348(7300) ack 485 win 6432 12:30:57.513016 IP 192.168.0.8.webcache > 192.168.0.28.cymtec-port: P 40348:41260(912) ack 485 win 6432 12:31:06.513912 IP 192.168.0.8.webcache > 192.168.0.28.cymtec-port: P 41260:41265(5) ack 485 win 6432 12:31:06.514012 IP 192.168.0.8.webcache > 192.168.0.28.cymtec-port: F 41265:41265(0) ack 485 win 6432 12:31:06.514361 IP 192.168.0.8.webcache > 192.168.0.28.cymtec-port: . ack 486 win 64322.使用了ob_start()12:36:06.542244 IP 192.168.0.8.webcache > 192.168.0.28.noagent: . ack 485 win 6432 12:36:51.559128 IP 192.168.0.8.webcache > 192.168.0.28.noagent: . 1:2921(2920) ack 485 win 6432 12:36:51.559996 IP 192.168.0.8.webcache > 192.168.0.28.noagent: . 2921:7301(4380) ack 485 win 6432 12:36:51.560866 IP 192.168.0.8.webcache > 192.168.0.28.noagent: . 7301:11681(4380) ack 485 win 6432 12:36:51.561612 IP 192.168.0.8.webcache > 192.168.0.28.noagent: . 11681:16061(4380) ack 485 win 6432 12:36:51.561852 IP 192.168.0.8.webcache > 192.168.0.28.noagent: . 16061:20441(4380) ack 485 win 6432 12:36:51.562479 IP 192.168.0.8.webcache > 192.168.0.28.noagent: . 20441:24821(4380) ack 485 win 6432 12:36:51.562743 IP 192.168.0.8.webcache > 192.168.0.28.noagent: . 24821:29201(4380) ack 485 win 6432 12:36:51.562996 IP 192.168.0.8.webcache > 192.168.0.28.noagent: . 29201:33581(4380) ack 485 win 6432 12:36:51.563344 IP 192.168.0.8.webcache > 192.168.0.28.noagent: P 33581:35041(1460) ack 485 win 6432 12:36:51.563514 IP 192.168.0.8.webcache > 192.168.0.28.noagent: . 35041:36501(1460) ack 485 win 6432 12:36:51.563518 IP 192.168.0.8.webcache > 192.168.0.28.noagent: . 36501:37961(1460) ack 485 win 6432 12:36:51.563523 IP 192.168.0.8.webcache > 192.168.0.28.noagent: . 37961:39421(1460) ack 485 win 6432 12:36:51.563526 IP 192.168.0.8.webcache > 192.168.0.28.noagent: . 39421:40881(1460) ack 485 win 6432 12:36:51.563529 IP 192.168.0.8.webcache > 192.168.0.28.noagent: FP 40881:41233(352) ack 485 win 6432 12:36:51.570364 IP 192.168.0.8.webcache > 192.168.0.28.noagent: . ack 486 win 6432通过上面的对比,我们可以看到,数据报文的时间间隔明显不一样。没有使用ob_start(),时间间隔比较大,等待4秒左右就把tcp buffer中的数据发送出去了。数据没有在 picture:picture; ?> //@file:template-render. if (!is_file($template_file) { return ""; } extract($variables, EXTR_SKIP); ob_start(); $contents = ob_get_contents(); ob_end_clean(); return $contents;}?>//@file:profile.array('user' => $user);print theme_render_template('user-profile.tpl.
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