PHP实现无限极分类

PHP实现无限极分类

表:

id	int	主键 auto-increment
name	varchar	分类名称
pid	int	父类id	0

顶级分类的 pid 默认就是0了。当我们想取出某个分类的子分类树的时候，基本思路就是递归，当然，出于效率问题不建议每次递归都查询数据库，通常的做法是先将所有分类取出来，数据保存到PHP数组里，再进行处理，最后还可以将结果缓存起来以提高下次请求的效率。

1. 构建数据

$categories = array(
    array('id'=>1,'name'=>'电脑','pid'=>0),
    array('id'=>2,'name'=>'手机','pid'=>0),
    array('id'=>3,'name'=>'笔记本','pid'=>1),
    array('id'=>4,'name'=>'台式机','pid'=>1),
    array('id'=>5,'name'=>'智能机','pid'=>2),
    array('id'=>6,'name'=>'功能机','pid'=>2),
    array('id'=>7,'name'=>'超级本','pid'=>3),
    array('id'=>8,'name'=>'游戏本','pid'=>3),
);

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用数组来表示的话，可以增加一个 children 键来存储它的子分类：

array(
    //1对应$categories中的id ，方便直接读取
    1 => array(
        'id'=>1,
        'name'=>'电脑',
        'pid'=>0,
        children=>array(
            &array(
                'id'=>3,
                'name'=>'笔记本',
                'pid'=>1,
                'children'=>array(
                    //此处省略
                )
            ),
            &array(
                'id'=>4,
                'name'=>'台式机',
                'pid'=>1,
                'children'=>array(
                    //此处省略
                )
            ),
        )
    ),
    //其他分类省略
)

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2. 处理过程：

$tree = array();
//第一步，将所有的分类id作为数组key,并创建children单元
foreach($categories as $category){
    $tree[$category['id']] = $category;
    $tree[$category['id']]['children'] = array();
}
//第二步，利用引用，将每个分类添加到父类children数组中，这样一次遍历即可形成树形结构。
foreach ($tree as $key=>$value) {
    if ($value['pid'] != 0) {
        $tree[$value['pid']]['children'][] = &$tree[$key];
    }
}
print_r($tree);

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注:必须通过引用, 否则不会一次遍历就生成最终的结果.

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3. 打印结果如下：

Array
(
    [1] => Array
        (
            [id] => 1
            [name] => 电脑
            [pid] => 0
            [children] => Array
                (
                    [0] => Array
                        (
                            [id] => 3
                            [name] => 笔记本
                            [pid] => 1
                            [children] => Array
                                (
                                    [0] => Array
                                        (
                                            [id] => 7
                                            [name] => 超级本
                                            [pid] => 3
                                            [children] => Array
                                                (
                                                )
                                        )
                                    [1] => Array
                                        (
                                            [id] => 8
                                            [name] => 游戏本
                                            [pid] => 3
                                            [children] => Array
                                                (
                                                )
                                        )
                                )
                        )
                    [1] => Array
                        (
                            [id] => 4
                            [name] => 台式机
                            [pid] => 1
                            [children] => Array
                                (
                                )
                        )
                )
        )
    [2] => Array
        (
            [id] => 2
            [name] => 手机
            [pid] => 0
            [children] => Array
                (
                    [0] => Array
                        (
                            [id] => 5
                            [name] => 智能机
                            [pid] => 2
                            [children] => Array
                                (
                                )
                        )
                    [1] => Array
                        (
                            [id] => 6
                            [name] => 功能机
                            [pid] => 2
                            [children] => Array
                                (
                                )
                        )
                )
        )
    [3] => Array
        (
            [id] => 3
            [name] => 笔记本
            [pid] => 1
            [children] => Array
                (
                    [0] => Array
                        (
                            [id] => 7
                            [name] => 超级本
                            [pid] => 3
                            [children] => Array
                                (
                                )
                        )
                    [1] => Array
                        (
                            [id] => 8
                            [name] => 游戏本
                            [pid] => 3
                            [children] => Array
                                (
                                )
                        )
                )
        )
    [4] => Array
        (
            [id] => 4
            [name] => 台式机
            [pid] => 1
            [children] => Array
                (
                )
        )
    [5] => Array
        (
            [id] => 5
            [name] => 智能机
            [pid] => 2
            [children] => Array
                (
                )
        )
    [6] => Array
        (
            [id] => 6
            [name] => 功能机
            [pid] => 2
            [children] => Array
                (
                )
        )
    [7] => Array
        (
            [id] => 7
            [name] => 超级本
            [pid] => 3
            [children] => Array
                (
                )
        )
    [8] => Array
        (
            [id] => 8
            [name] => 游戏本
            [pid] => 3
            [children] => Array
                (
                )
        )
)

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