Redis集群详解
Redis有三种集群模式，分别是：
* 主从模式 * Sentinel模式 * Cluster模式
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推荐（免费）：redis
三种集群模式各有特点，关于Redis介绍可以参考这里：NoSQL（二)——Redis
Redis官网：https://redis.io/ ，最新版本5.0.4
主从模式
主从模式介绍
主从模式是三种模式中最简单的，在主从复制中，数据库分为两类：主数据库(master)和从数据库(slave)。
其中主从复制有如下特点：
* 主数据库可以进行读写操作，当读写操作导致数据变化时会自动将数据同步给从数据库 * 从数据库一般都是只读的，并且接收主数据库同步过来的数据 * 一个master可以拥有多个slave，但是一个slave只能对应一个master * slave挂了不影响其他slave的读和master的读和写，重新启动后会将数据从master同步过来 * master挂了以后，不影响slave的读，但redis不再提供写服务，master重启后redis将重新对外提供写服务 * master挂了以后，不会在slave节点中重新选一个master
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工作机制：
当slave启动后，主动向master发送SYNC命令。master接收到SYNC命令后在后台保存快照（RDB持久化）和缓存保存快照这段时间的命令，然后将保存的快照文件和缓存的命令发送给slave。slave接收到快照文件和命令后加载快照文件和缓存的执行命令。
复制初始化后，master每次接收到的写命令都会同步发送给slave，保证主从数据一致性。
安全设置：
当master节点设置密码后，
客户端访问master需要密码 启动slave需要密码，在配置文件中配置即可 客户端访问slave不需要密码
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缺点：
从上面可以看出，master节点在主从模式中唯一，若master挂掉，则redis无法对外提供写服务。
主从模式搭建
- 环境准备：
master节点 192.168.30.128 slave节点 192.168.30.129 slave节点 192.168.30.130
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- 全部下载安装：
# cd /software# wget http://download.redis.io/releases/redis-5.0.4.tar.gz# tar zxf redis-5.0.4.tar.gz && mv redis-5.0.4/ /usr/local/redis# cd /usr/local/redis && make && make install# echo $?0
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- 全部配置成服务：
服务文件
# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/redis.service[Unit]Description=Redis persistent key-value database After=network.target After=network-online.target Wants=network-online.target[Service]ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/redis-server /usr/local/redis/redis.conf --supervised systemd ExecStop=/usr/libexec/redis-shutdown Type=notify User=redis Group=redis RuntimeDirectory=redis RuntimeDirectoryMode=0755[Install]WantedBy=multi-user.target
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shutdown脚本
# vim /usr/libexec/redis-shutdown#!/bin/bash## Wrapper to close properly redis and sentineltest x"$REDIS_DEBUG" != x && set -x
REDIS_CLI=/usr/local/bin/redis-cli# Retrieve service nameSERVICE_NAME="$1"if [ -z "$SERVICE_NAME" ]; then
SERVICE_NAME=redisfi# Get the proper config file based on service nameCONFIG_FILE="/usr/local/redis/$SERVICE_NAME.conf"# Use awk to retrieve host, port from config fileHOST=`awk '/^[[:blank:]]*bind/ { print $2 }' $CONFIG_FILE | tail -n1`PORT=`awk '/^[[:blank:]]*port/ { print $2 }' $CONFIG_FILE | tail -n1`PASS=`awk '/^[[:blank:]]*requirepass/ { print $2 }' $CONFIG_FILE | tail -n1`SOCK=`awk '/^[[:blank:]]*unixsocket\s/ { print $2 }' $CONFIG_FILE | tail -n1`# Just in case, use default host, portHOST=${HOST:-127.0.0.1}if [ "$SERVICE_NAME" = redis ]; then
PORT=${PORT:-6379}else
PORT=${PORT:-26739}fi# Setup additional parameters# e.g password-protected redis instances[ -z "$PASS" ] || ADDITIONAL_PARAMS="-a $PASS"# shutdown the service properlyif [ -e "$SOCK" ] ; then
$REDIS_CLI -s $SOCK $ADDITIONAL_PARAMS shutdownelse
$REDIS_CLI -h $HOST -p $PORT $ADDITIONAL_PARAMS shutdownfi登录后复制
# chmod +x /usr/libexec/redis-shutdown# useradd -s /sbin/nologin redis# chown -R redis:redis /usr/local/redis# chown -R redis:redis /data/redis# yum install -y bash-completion && source /etc/profile #命令补全# systemctl daemon-reload# systemctl enable redis
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- 修改配置：
192.168.30.128
# mkdir -p /data/redis# vim /usr/local/redis/redis.confbind 192.168.30.128 #监听ip，多个ip用空格分隔daemonize yes #允许后台启动logfile "/usr/local/redis/redis.log" #日志路径dir /data/redis #数据库备份文件存放目录masterauth 123456 #slave连接master密码，master可省略requirepass 123456 #设置master连接密码，slave可省略appendonly yes #在/data/redis/目录生成appendonly.aof文件，将每一次写操作请求都追加到appendonly.aof 文件中# echo 'vm.overcommit_memory=1' >> /etc/sysctl.conf# sysctl -p
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192.168.30.129
# mkdir -p /data/redis# vim /usr/local/redis/redis.confbind 192.168.30.129 daemonize yeslogfile "/usr/local/redis/redis.log"dir /data/redis replicaof 192.168.30.128 6379 masterauth 123456 requirepass 123456 appendonly yes# echo 'vm.overcommit_memory=1' >> /etc/sysctl.conf# sysctl -p
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192.168.30.130
# mkdir -p /data/redis# vim /usr/local/redis/redis.confbind 192.168.30.130 daemonize yeslogfile "/usr/local/redis/redis.log"dir /data/redis replicaof 192.168.30.128 6379 masterauth 123456 requirepass 123456 appendonly yes# echo 'vm.overcommit_memory=1' >> /etc/sysctl.conf# sysctl -p
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- 全部启动redis：
# systemctl start redis
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- 查看集群状态：
# redis-cli -h 192.168.30.128 -a 123456Warning: Using a password with '-a' or '-u' option on the command line interface may not be safe. 192.168.30.128:6379> info replication# Replicationrole:master connected_slaves:2 slave0:ip=192.168.30.129,port=6379,state=online,offset=168,lag=1 slave1:ip=192.168.30.130,port=6379,state=online,offset=168,lag=1 master_replid:fb4941e02d5032ad74c6e2383211fc58963dbe90 master_replid2:0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 master_repl_offset:168 second_repl_offset:-1 repl_backlog_active:1 repl_backlog_size:1048576 repl_backlog_first_byte_offset:1 repl_backlog_histlen:168
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# redis-cli -h 192.168.30.129 -a 123456 info replicationWarning: Using a password with '-a' or '-u' option on the command line interface may not be safe.# Replicationrole:slave master_host:192.168.30.128 master_port:6379 master_link_status:up master_last_io_seconds_ago:1 master_sync_in_progress:0 slave_repl_offset:196 slave_priority:100 slave_read_only:1 connected_slaves:0 master_replid:fb4941e02d5032ad74c6e2383211fc58963dbe90 master_replid2:0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 master_repl_offset:196 second_repl_offset:-1 repl_backlog_active:1 repl_backlog_size:1048576 repl_backlog_first_byte_offset:1 repl_backlog_histlen:196
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- 数据演示：
192.168.30.128:6379> keys *(empty list or set)192.168.30.128:6379> set key1 100 OK 192.168.30.128:6379> set key2 lzx OK 192.168.30.128:6379> keys * 1) "key1"2) "key2"
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# redis-cli -h 192.168.30.129 -a 123456Warning: Using a password with '-a' or '-u' option on the command line interface may not be safe. 192.168.30.129:6379> keys * 1) "key2"2) "key1"192.168.30.129:6379> CONFIG GET dir1) "dir"2) "/data/redis"192.168.30.129:6379> CONFIG GET dbfilename 1) "dbfilename"2) "dump.rdb"192.168.30.129:6379> get key1"100"192.168.30.129:6379> get key2"lzx"192.168.30.129:6379> set key3 aaa(error) READONLY You can't write against a read only replica.
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# redis-cli -h 192.168.30.130 -a 123456Warning: Using a password with '-a' or '-u' option on the command line interface may not be safe. 192.168.30.130:6379> keys * 1) "key2"2) "key1"192.168.30.130:6379> CONFIG GET dir1) "dir"2) "/data/redis"192.168.30.130:6379> CONFIG GET dbfilename 1) "dbfilename"2) "dump.rdb"192.168.30.130:6379> get key1"100"192.168.30.130:6379> get key2"lzx"192.168.30.130:6379> set key3 aaa(error) READONLY You can't write against a read only replica.
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可以看到，在master节点写入的数据，很快就同步到slave节点上，而且在slave节点上无法写入数据。
Sentinel模式
Sentinel模式介绍
主从模式的弊端就是不具备高可用性，当master挂掉以后，Redis将不能再对外提供写入操作，因此sentinel应运而生。
sentinel中文含义为哨兵，顾名思义，它的作用就是监控redis集群的运行状况，特点如下：
* sentinel模式是建立在主从模式的基础上，如果只有一个Redis节点，sentinel就没有任何意义 * 当master挂了以后，sentinel会在slave中选择一个做为master，并修改它们的配置文件，其他slave的配置文件也会被修改，比如slaveof属性会指向新的master * 当master重新启动后，它将不再是master而是做为slave接收新的master的同步数据 * sentinel因为也是一个进程有挂掉的可能，所以sentinel也会启动多个形成一个sentinel集群 * 多sentinel配置的时候，sentinel之间也会自动监控 * 当主从模式配置密码时，sentinel也会同步将配置信息修改到配置文件中，不需要担心 * 一个sentinel或sentinel集群可以管理多个主从Redis，多个sentinel也可以监控同一个redis * sentinel最好不要和Redis部署在同一台机器，不然Redis的服务器挂了以后，sentinel也挂了
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工作机制：
* 每个sentinel以每秒钟一次的频率向它所知的master，slave以及其他sentinel实例发送一个 PING 命令 * 如果一个实例距离最后一次有效回复 PING 命令的时间超过 down-after-milliseconds 选项所指定的值， 则这个实例会被sentinel标记为主观下线。 * 如果一个master被标记为主观下线，则正在监视这个master的所有sentinel要以每秒一次的频率确认master的确进入了主观下线状态 * 当有足够数量的sentinel（大于等于配置文件指定的值）在指定的时间范围内确认master的确进入了主观下线状态， 则master会被标记为客观下线 * 在一般情况下， 每个sentinel会以每 10 秒一次的频率向它已知的所有master，slave发送 INFO 命令 * 当master被sentinel标记为客观下线时，sentinel向下线的master的所有slave发送 INFO 命令的频率会从 10 秒一次改为 1 秒一次 * 若没有足够数量的sentinel同意master已经下线，master的客观下线状态就会被移除； 若master重新向sentinel的 PING 命令返回有效回复，master的主观下线状态就会被移除
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当使用sentinel模式的时候，客户端就不要直接连接Redis，而是连接sentinel的ip和port，由sentinel来提供具体的可提供服务的Redis实现，这样当master节点挂掉以后，sentinel就会感知并将新的master节点提供给使用者。
Sentinel模式搭建
- 环境准备：
master节点 192.168.30.128 sentinel端口：26379 slave节点 192.168.30.129 sentinel端口：26379 slave节点 192.168.30.130 sentinel端口：26379
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- 修改配置：
前面已经下载安装了redis，这里省略，直接修改sentinel配置文件。
192.168.30.128
# vim /usr/local/redis/sentinel.confdaemonize yeslogfile "/usr/local/redis/sentinel.log"dir "/usr/local/redis/sentinel" #sentinel工作目录sentinel monitor mymaster 192.168.30.128 6379 2 #判断master失效至少需要2个sentinel同意，建议设置为n/2+1，n为sentinel个数sentinel auth-pass mymaster 123456 sentinel down-after-milliseconds mymaster 30000 #判断master主观下线时间，默认30s
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这里需要注意，sentinel auth-pass mymaster 123456需要配置在sentinel monitor mymaster 192.168.30.128 6379 2下面，否则启动报错：
# /usr/local/bin/redis-sentinel /usr/local/redis/sentinel.conf*** FATAL CONFIG FILE ERROR *** Reading the configuration file, at line 104>>> 'sentinel auth-pass mymaster 123456'No such master with specified name.
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- 全部启动sentinel：
# mkdir /usr/local/redis/sentinel && chown -R redis:redis /usr/local/redis# /usr/local/bin/redis-sentinel /usr/local/redis/sentinel.conf
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- 任一主机查看日志：
# tail -f /usr/local/redis/sentinel.log21574:X 09 May 2019 15:32:04.298 # Sentinel ID is 30c417116a8edbab09708037366c4a7471beb77021574:X 09 May 2019 15:32:04.298 # +monitor master mymaster 192.168.30.128 6379 quorum 221574:X 09 May 2019 15:32:04.299 * +slave slave 192.168.30.129:6379 192.168.30.129 6379 @ mymaster 192.168.30.128 6379 21574:X 09 May 2019 15:32:04.300 * +slave slave 192.168.30.130:6379 192.168.30.130 6379 @ mymaster 192.168.30.128 6379 21574:X 09 May 2019 15:32:16.347 * +sentinel sentinel 79b8d61626afd4d059fb5a6a63393e9a1374e78f 192.168.30.129 26379 @ mymaster 192.168.30.128 6379 21574:X 09 May 2019 15:32:31.584 * +sentinel sentinel d7b429dcba792103ef0d80827dd0910bd9284d21 192.168.30.130 26379 @ mymaster 192.168.30.128 6379
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Sentinel模式下的几个事件：
· +reset-master ：主服务器已被重置。 · +slave ：一个新的从服务器已经被 Sentinel 识别并关联。 · +failover-state-reconf-slaves ：故障转移状态切换到了 reconf-slaves 状态。 · +failover-detected ：另一个 Sentinel 开始了一次故障转移操作，或者一个从服务器转换成了主服务器。 · +slave-reconf-sent ：领头（leader）的 Sentinel 向实例发送了 [SLAVEOF](/commands/slaveof.html) 命令，为实例设置新的主服务器。 · +slave-reconf-inprog ：实例正在将自己设置为指定主服务器的从服务器，但相应的同步过程仍未完成。 · +slave-reconf-done ：从服务器已经成功完成对新主服务器的同步。 · -dup-sentinel ：对给定主服务器进行监视的一个或多个 Sentinel 已经因为重复出现而被移除 —— 当 Sentinel 实例重启的时候，就会出现这种情况。 · +sentinel ：一个监视给定主服务器的新 Sentinel 已经被识别并添加。 · +sdown ：给定的实例现在处于主观下线状态。 · -sdown ：给定的实例已经不再处于主观下线状态。 · +odown ：给定的实例现在处于客观下线状态。 · -odown ：给定的实例已经不再处于客观下线状态。 · +new-epoch ：当前的纪元（epoch）已经被更新。 · +try-failover ：一个新的故障迁移操作正在执行中，等待被大多数 Sentinel 选中（waiting to be elected by the majority）。 · +elected-leader ：赢得指定纪元的选举，可以进行故障迁移操作了。 · +failover-state-select-slave ：故障转移操作现在处于 select-slave 状态 —— Sentinel 正在寻找可以升级为主服务器的从服务器。 · no-good-slave ：Sentinel 操作未能找到适合进行升级的从服务器。Sentinel 会在一段时间之后再次尝试寻找合适的从服务器来进行升级，又或者直接放弃执行故障转移操作。 · selected-slave ：Sentinel 顺利找到适合进行升级的从服务器。 · failover-state-send-slaveof-noone ：Sentinel 正在将指定的从服务器升级为主服务器，等待升级功能完成。 · failover-end-for-timeout ：故障转移因为超时而中止，不过最终所有从服务器都会开始复制新的主服务器（slaves will eventually be configured to replicate with the new master anyway）。 · failover-end ：故障转移操作顺利完成。所有从服务器都开始复制新的主服务器了。 · +switch-master ：配置变更，主服务器的 IP 和地址已经改变。 这是绝大多数外部用户都关心的信息。 · +tilt ：进入 tilt 模式。 · -tilt ：退出 tilt 模式。
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- master宕机演示：
192.168.30.128
# systemctl stop redis# tail -f /usr/local/redis/sentinel.log22428:X 09 May 2019 15:51:29.287 # +sdown master mymaster 192.168.30.128 637922428:X 09 May 2019 15:51:29.371 # +odown master mymaster 192.168.30.128 6379 #quorum 2/222428:X 09 May 2019 15:51:29.371 # +new-epoch 122428:X 09 May 2019 15:51:29.371 # +try-failover master mymaster 192.168.30.128 637922428:X 09 May 2019 15:51:29.385 # +vote-for-leader 30c417116a8edbab09708037366c4a7471beb770 122428:X 09 May 2019 15:51:29.403 # d7b429dcba792103ef0d80827dd0910bd9284d21 voted for 30c417116a8edbab09708037366c4a7471beb770 122428:X 09 May 2019 15:51:29.408 # 79b8d61626afd4d059fb5a6a63393e9a1374e78f voted for 30c417116a8edbab09708037366c4a7471beb770 122428:X 09 May 2019 15:51:29.451 # +elected-leader master mymaster 192.168.30.128 637922428:X 09 May 2019 15:51:29.451 # +failover-state-select-slave master mymaster 192.168.30.128 637922428:X 09 May 2019 15:51:29.528 # +selected-slave slave 192.168.30.129:6379 192.168.30.129 6379 @ mymaster 192.168.30.128 637922428:X 09 May 2019 15:51:29.528 * +failover-state-send-slaveof-noone slave 192.168.30.129:6379 192.168.30.129 6379 @ mymaster 192.168.30.128 6379 22428:X 09 May 2019 15:51:29.594 * +failover-state-wait-promotion slave 192.168.30.129:6379 192.168.30.129 6379 @ mymaster 192.168.30.128 6379 22428:X 09 May 2019 15:51:30.190 # +promoted-slave slave 192.168.30.129:6379 192.168.30.129 6379 @ mymaster 192.168.30.128 637922428:X 09 May 2019 15:51:30.190 # +failover-state-reconf-slaves master mymaster 192.168.30.128 637922428:X 09 May 2019 15:51:30.258 * +slave-reconf-sent slave 192.168.30.130:6379 192.168.30.130 6379 @ mymaster 192.168.30.128 6379 22428:X 09 May 2019 15:51:30.511 # -odown master mymaster 192.168.30.128 637922428:X 09 May 2019 15:51:31.233 * +slave-reconf-inprog slave 192.168.30.130:6379 192.168.30.130 6379 @ mymaster 192.168.30.128 6379 22428:X 09 May 2019 15:51:31.233 * +slave-reconf-done slave 192.168.30.130:6379 192.168.30.130 6379 @ mymaster 192.168.30.128 6379 22428:X 09 May 2019 15:51:31.297 # +failover-end master mymaster 192.168.30.128 637922428:X 09 May 2019 15:51:31.297 # +switch-master mymaster 192.168.30.128 6379 192.168.30.129 637922428:X 09 May 2019 15:51:31.298 * +slave slave 192.168.30.130:6379 192.168.30.130 6379 @ mymaster 192.168.30.129 6379 22428:X 09 May 2019 15:51:31.298 * +slave slave 192.168.30.128:6379 192.168.30.128 6379 @ mymaster 192.168.30.129 6379 22428:X 09 May 2019 15:52:31.307 # +sdown slave 192.168.30.128:6379 192.168.30.128 6379 @ mymaster 192.168.30.129 6379
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从日志中可以看到，master已经从192.168.30.128转移到192.168.30.129上
192.168.30.129上查看集群信息
# /usr/local/bin/redis-cli -h 192.168.30.129 -p 6379 -a 123456Warning: Using a password with '-a' or '-u' option on the command line interface may not be safe. 192.168.30.129:6379> info replication# Replicationrole:master connected_slaves:1 slave0:ip=192.168.30.130,port=6379,state=online,offset=291039,lag=1 master_replid:757aff269236ed2707ba584a86a40716c1c76d74 master_replid2:47a862fc0ff20362be29096ecdcca6d432070ee9 master_repl_offset:291182 second_repl_offset:248123 repl_backlog_active:1 repl_backlog_size:1048576 repl_backlog_first_byte_offset:1 repl_backlog_histlen:291182 192.168.30.129:6379> set key4 linux OK
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当前集群中只有一个slave——192.168.30.130，master是192.168.30.129，且192.168.30.129具有写权限。
192.168.30.130上查看redis的配置文件也可以看到replicaof 192.168.30.129 6379，这是sentinel在选举master是做的修改。
重新把192.168.30.128上进程启动
# systemctl start redis# tail -f /usr/local/redis/sentinel.log22428:X 09 May 2019 15:51:31.297 # +switch-master mymaster 192.168.30.128 6379 192.168.30.129 637922428:X 09 May 2019 15:51:31.298 * +slave slave 192.168.30.130:6379 192.168.30.130 6379 @ mymaster 192.168.30.129 6379 22428:X 09 May 2019 15:51:31.298 * +slave slave 192.168.30.128:6379 192.168.30.128 6379 @ mymaster 192.168.30.129 6379 22428:X 09 May 2019 15:52:31.307 # +sdown slave 192.168.30.128:6379 192.168.30.128 6379 @ mymaster 192.168.30.129 637922428:X 09 May 2019 16:01:24.872 # -sdown slave 192.168.30.128:6379 192.168.30.128 6379 @ mymaster 192.168.30.129 6379
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查看集群信息
# /usr/local/bin/redis-cli -h 192.168.30.128 -p 6379 -a 123456Warning: Using a password with '-a' or '-u' option on the command line interface may not be safe. 192.168.30.128:6379> info replication# Replicationrole:slave master_host:192.168.30.129 master_port:6379 master_link_status:up master_last_io_seconds_ago:0 master_sync_in_progress:0 slave_repl_offset:514774 slave_priority:100 slave_read_only:1 connected_slaves:0 master_replid:757aff269236ed2707ba584a86a40716c1c76d74 master_replid2:0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 master_repl_offset:514774 second_repl_offset:-1 repl_backlog_active:1 repl_backlog_size:1048576 repl_backlog_first_byte_offset:376528 repl_backlog_histlen:138247 192.168.30.128:6379> get key4"linux"192.168.30.128:6379> set key5(error) ERR wrong number of arguments for 'set' command
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即使192.168.30.128重新启动redis服务，也是作为slave加入redis集群，192.168.30.129仍然是master。
Cluster模式
Cluster模式介绍
sentinel模式基本可以满足一般生产的需求，具备高可用性。但是当数据量过大到一台服务器存放不下的情况时，主从模式或sentinel模式就不能满足需求了，这个时候需要对存储的数据进行分片，将数据存储到多个Redis实例中。cluster模式的出现就是为了解决单机Redis容量有限的问题，将Redis的数据根据一定的规则分配到多台机器。
cluster可以说是sentinel和主从模式的结合体，通过cluster可以实现主从和master重选功能，所以如果配置两个副本三个分片的话，就需要六个Redis实例。因为Redis的数据是根据一定规则分配到cluster的不同机器的，当数据量过大时，可以新增机器进行扩容。
使用集群，只需要将redis配置文件中的cluster-enable配置打开即可。每个集群中至少需要三个主数据库才能正常运行，新增节点非常方便。
cluster集群特点：
* 多个redis节点网络互联，数据共享 * 所有的节点都是一主一从（也可以是一主多从），其中从不提供服务，仅作为备用 * 不支持同时处理多个key（如MSET/MGET），因为redis需要把key均匀分布在各个节点上， 并发量很高的情况下同时创建key-value会降低性能并导致不可预测的行为 * 支持在线增加、删除节点 * 客户端可以连接任何一个主节点进行读写
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Cluster模式搭建
- 环境准备：
三台机器，分别开启两个redis服务（端口） 192.168.30.128 端口：7001,7002 192.168.30.129 端口：7003,7004 192.168.30.130 端口：7005,7006
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- 修改配置文件：
192.168.30.128
# mkdir /usr/local/redis/cluster# cp /usr/local/redis/redis.conf /usr/local/redis/cluster/redis_7001.conf# cp /usr/local/redis/redis.conf /usr/local/redis/cluster/redis_7002.conf# chown -R redis:redis /usr/local/redis# mkdir -p /data/redis/cluster/{redis_7001,redis_7002} && chown -R redis:redis /data/redis登录后复制
# vim /usr/local/redis/cluster/redis_7001.confbind 192.168.30.128 port 7001 daemonize yespidfile "/var/run/redis_7001.pid"logfile "/usr/local/redis/cluster/redis_7001.log"dir "/data/redis/cluster/redis_7001"#replicaof 192.168.30.129 6379masterauth 123456 requirepass 123456 appendonly yescluster-enabled yescluster-config-file nodes_7001.conf cluster-node-timeout 15000
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# vim /usr/local/redis/cluster/redis_7002.confbind 192.168.30.128 port 7002 daemonize yespidfile "/var/run/redis_7002.pid"logfile "/usr/local/redis/cluster/redis_7002.log"dir "/data/redis/cluster/redis_7002"#replicaof 192.168.30.129 6379masterauth "123456"requirepass "123456"appendonly yescluster-enabled yescluster-config-file nodes_7002.conf cluster-node-timeout 15000
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其它两台机器配置与192.168.30.128一致，此处省略
- 启动redis服务：
# redis-server /usr/local/redis/cluster/redis_7001.conf# tail -f /usr/local/redis/cluster/redis_7001.log# redis-server /usr/local/redis/cluster/redis_7002.conf# tail -f /usr/local/redis/cluster/redis_7002.log
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其它两台机器启动与192.168.30.128一致，此处省略
- 安装ruby并创建集群（低版本）：
如果redis版本比较低，则需要安装ruby。任选一台机器安装ruby即可
# yum -y groupinstall "Development Tools"# yum install -y gdbm-devel libdb4-devel libffi-devel libyaml libyaml-devel ncurses-devel openssl-devel readline-devel tcl-devel# mkdir -p ~/rpmbuild/{BUILD,BUILDROOT,RPMS,SOURCES,SPECS,SRPMS}# wget http://cache.ruby-lang.org/pub/ruby/2.2/ruby-2.2.3.tar.gz -P ~/rpmbuild/SOURCES# wget http://raw.githubusercontent.com/tjinjin/automate-ruby-rpm/master/ruby22x.spec -P ~/rpmbuild/SPECS# rpmbuild -bb ~/rpmbuild/SPECS/ruby22x.spec# rpm -ivh ~/rpmbuild/RPMS/x86_64/ruby-2.2.3-1.el7.x86_64.rpm# gem install redis #目的是安装这个，用于配置集群登录后复制
# cp /usr/local/redis/src/redis-trib.rb /usr/bin/# redis-trib.rb create --replicas 1 192.168.30.128:7001 192.168.30.128:7002 192.168.30.129:7003 192.168.30.129:7004 192.168.30.130:7005 192.168.30.130:7006
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- 创建集群：
我这里是redis5.0.4，所以不需要安装ruby，直接创建集群即可
# redis-cli -a 123456 --cluster create 192.168.30.128:7001 192.168.30.128:7002 192.168.30.129:7003 192.168.30.129:7004 192.168.30.130:7005 192.168.30.130:7006 --cluster-replicas 1Warning: Using a password with '-a' or '-u' option on the command line interface may not be safe.>>> Performing hash slots allocation on 6 nodes... Master[0] -> Slots 0 - 5460 Master[1] -> Slots 5461 - 10922 Master[2] -> Slots 10923 - 16383 Adding replica 192.168.30.129:7004 to 192.168.30.128:7001 Adding replica 192.168.30.130:7006 to 192.168.30.129:7003 Adding replica 192.168.30.128:7002 to 192.168.30.130:7005 M: 80c80a3f3e33872c047a8328ad579b9bea001ad8 192.168.30.128:7001 slots:[0-5460] (5461 slots) master S: b4d3eb411a7355d4767c6c23b4df69fa183ef8bc 192.168.30.128:7002 replicates 6788453ee9a8d7f72b1d45a9093838efd0e501f1 M: 4d74ec66e898bf09006dac86d4928f9fad81f373 192.168.30.129:7003 slots:[5461-10922] (5462 slots) master S: b6331cbc986794237c83ed2d5c30777c1551546e 192.168.30.129:7004 replicates 80c80a3f3e33872c047a8328ad579b9bea001ad8 M: 6788453ee9a8d7f72b1d45a9093838efd0e501f1 192.168.30.130:7005 slots:[10923-16383] (5461 slots) master S: 277daeb8660d5273b7c3e05c263f861ed5f17b92 192.168.30.130:7006 replicates 4d74ec66e898bf09006dac86d4928f9fad81f373 Can I set the above configuration? (type 'yes' to accept): yes #输入yes，接受上面配置>>> Nodes configuration updated>>> Assign a different config epoch to each node>>> Sending CLUSTER MEET messages to join the cluster
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可以看到，
192.168.30.128:7001是master，它的slave是192.168.30.129:7004； 192.168.30.129:7003是master，它的slave是192.168.30.130:7006； 192.168.30.130:7005是master，它的slave是192.168.30.128:7002
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自动生成nodes.conf文件：
# ls /data/redis/cluster/redis_7001/appendonly.aof dump.rdb nodes-7001.conf# vim /data/redis/cluster/redis_7001/nodes-7001.conf 6788453ee9a8d7f72b1d45a9093838efd0e501f1 192.168.30.130:7005@17005 master - 0 1557454406312 5 connected 10923-16383 277daeb8660d5273b7c3e05c263f861ed5f17b92 192.168.30.130:7006@17006 slave 4d74ec66e898bf09006dac86d4928f9fad81f373 0 1557454407000 6 connected b4d3eb411a7355d4767c6c23b4df69fa183ef8bc 192.168.30.128:7002@17002 slave 6788453ee9a8d7f72b1d45a9093838efd0e501f1 0 1557454408371 5 connected 80c80a3f3e33872c047a8328ad579b9bea001ad8 192.168.30.128:7001@17001 myself,master - 0 1557454406000 1 connected 0-5460 b6331cbc986794237c83ed2d5c30777c1551546e 192.168.30.129:7004@17004 slave 80c80a3f3e33872c047a8328ad579b9bea001ad8 0 1557454407366 4 connected 4d74ec66e898bf09006dac86d4928f9fad81f373 192.168.30.129:7003@17003 master - 0 1557454407000 3 connected 5461-10922 vars currentEpoch 6 lastVoteEpoch 0
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集群操作
- 登录集群：
# redis-cli -c -h 192.168.30.128 -p 7001 -a 123456 # -c，使用集群方式登录
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- 查看集群信息：
192.168.30.128:7001> CLUSTER INFO #集群状态cluster_state:ok cluster_slots_assigned:16384 cluster_slots_ok:16384 cluster_slots_pfail:0 cluster_slots_fail:0 cluster_known_nodes:6 cluster_size:3 cluster_current_epoch:6 cluster_my_epoch:1 cluster_stats_messages_ping_sent:580 cluster_stats_messages_pong_sent:551 cluster_stats_messages_sent:1131 cluster_stats_messages_ping_received:546 cluster_stats_messages_pong_received:580 cluster_stats_messages_meet_received:5 cluster_stats_messages_received:1131
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- 列出节点信息：
192.168.30.128:7001> CLUSTER NODES #列出节点信息6788453ee9a8d7f72b1d45a9093838efd0e501f1 192.168.30.130:7005@17005 master - 0 1557455176000 5 connected 10923-16383 277daeb8660d5273b7c3e05c263f861ed5f17b92 192.168.30.130:7006@17006 slave 4d74ec66e898bf09006dac86d4928f9fad81f373 0 1557455174000 6 connected b4d3eb411a7355d4767c6c23b4df69fa183ef8bc 192.168.30.128:7002@17002 slave 6788453ee9a8d7f72b1d45a9093838efd0e501f1 0 1557455175000 5 connected 80c80a3f3e33872c047a8328ad579b9bea001ad8 192.168.30.128:7001@17001 myself,master - 0 1557455175000 1 connected 0-5460 b6331cbc986794237c83ed2d5c30777c1551546e 192.168.30.129:7004@17004 slave 80c80a3f3e33872c047a8328ad579b9bea001ad8 0 1557455174989 4 connected 4d74ec66e898bf09006dac86d4928f9fad81f373 192.168.30.129:7003@17003 master - 0 1557455175995 3 connected 5461-10922
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这里与nodes.conf文件内容相同
- 写入数据：
192.168.30.128:7001> set key111 aaa -> Redirected to slot [13680] located at 192.168.30.130:7005 #说明数据到了192.168.30.130:7005上OK 192.168.30.130:7005> set key222 bbb -> Redirected to slot [2320] located at 192.168.30.128:7001 #说明数据到了192.168.30.128:7001上OK 192.168.30.128:7001> set key333 ccc -> Redirected to slot [7472] located at 192.168.30.129:7003 #说明数据到了192.168.30.129:7003上OK 192.168.30.129:7003> get key111 -> Redirected to slot [13680] located at 192.168.30.130:7005"aaa"192.168.30.130:7005> get key333 -> Redirected to slot [7472] located at 192.168.30.129:7003"ccc"192.168.30.129:7003>
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可以看出redis cluster集群是去中心化的，每个节点都是平等的，连接哪个节点都可以获取和设置数据。
当然，平等指的是master节点，因为slave节点根本不提供服务，只是作为对应master节点的一个备份。
- 增加节点：
192.168.30.129上增加一节点：
# cp /usr/local/redis/cluster/redis_7003.conf /usr/local/redis/cluster/redis_7007.conf# vim /usr/local/redis/cluster/redis_7007.confbind 192.168.30.129 port 7007 daemonize yespidfile "/var/run/redis_7007.pid"logfile "/usr/local/redis/cluster/redis_7007.log"dir "/data/redis/cluster/redis_7007"#replicaof 192.168.30.129 6379masterauth "123456"requirepass "123456"appendonly yescluster-enabled yescluster-config-file nodes_7007.conf cluster-node-timeout 15000# mkdir /data/redis/cluster/redis_7007# chown -R redis:redis /usr/local/redis && chown -R redis:redis /data/redis# redis-server /usr/local/redis/cluster/redis_7007.conf
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192.168.30.130上增加一节点：
# cp /usr/local/redis/cluster/redis_7005.conf /usr/local/redis/cluster/redis_7008.conf# vim /usr/local/redis/cluster/redis_7007.confbind 192.168.30.130 port 7008 daemonize yespidfile "/var/run/redis_7008.pid"logfile "/usr/local/redis/cluster/redis_7008.log"dir "/data/redis/cluster/redis_7008"#replicaof 192.168.30.130 6379masterauth "123456"requirepass "123456"appendonly yescluster-enabled yescluster-config-file nodes_7008.conf cluster-node-timeout 15000# mkdir /data/redis/cluster/redis_7008# chown -R redis:redis /usr/local/redis && chown -R redis:redis /data/redis# redis-server /usr/local/redis/cluster/redis_7008.conf
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集群中增加节点：
192.168.30.129:7003> CLUSTER MEET 192.168.30.129 7007 OK 192.168.30.129:7003> CLUSTER NODES 4d74ec66e898bf09006dac86d4928f9fad81f373 192.168.30.129:7003@17003 myself,master - 0 1557457361000 3 connected 5461-10922 80c80a3f3e33872c047a8328ad579b9bea001ad8 192.168.30.128:7001@17001 master - 0 1557457364746 1 connected 0-5460 277daeb8660d5273b7c3e05c263f861ed5f17b92 192.168.30.130:7006@17006 slave 4d74ec66e898bf09006dac86d4928f9fad81f373 0 1557457362000 6 connected b6331cbc986794237c83ed2d5c30777c1551546e 192.168.30.129:7004@17004 slave 80c80a3f3e33872c047a8328ad579b9bea001ad8 0 1557457363000 4 connected b4d3eb411a7355d4767c6c23b4df69fa183ef8bc 192.168.30.128:7002@17002 slave 6788453ee9a8d7f72b1d45a9093838efd0e501f1 0 1557457362000 5 connected e51ab166bc0f33026887bcf8eba0dff3d5b0bf14 192.168.30.129:7007@17007 master - 0 1557457362729 0 connected 6788453ee9a8d7f72b1d45a9093838efd0e501f1 192.168.30.130:7005@17005 master - 0 1557457363739 5 connected 10923-16383
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192.168.30.129:7003> CLUSTER MEET 192.168.30.130 7008 OK 192.168.30.129:7003> CLUSTER NODES 4d74ec66e898bf09006dac86d4928f9fad81f373 192.168.30.129:7003@17003 myself,master - 0 1557457489000 3 connected 5461-10922 80c80a3f3e33872c047a8328ad579b9bea001ad8 192.168.30.128:7001@17001 master - 0 1557457489000 1 connected 0-5460 277daeb8660d5273b7c3e05c263f861ed5f17b92 192.168.30.130:7006@17006 slave 4d74ec66e898bf09006dac86d4928f9fad81f373 0 1557457489000 6 connected b6331cbc986794237c83ed2d5c30777c1551546e 192.168.30.129:7004@17004 slave 80c80a3f3e33872c047a8328ad579b9bea001ad8 0 1557457488000 4 connected b4d3eb411a7355d4767c6c23b4df69fa183ef8bc 192.168.30.128:7002@17002 slave 6788453ee9a8d7f72b1d45a9093838efd0e501f1 0 1557457489472 5 connected 1a1c7f02fce87530bd5abdfc98df1cffce4f1767 192.168.30.130:7008@17008 master - 0 1557457489259 0 connected e51ab166bc0f33026887bcf8eba0dff3d5b0bf14 192.168.30.129:7007@17007 master - 0 1557457489000 0 connected 6788453ee9a8d7f72b1d45a9093838efd0e501f1 192.168.30.130:7005@17005 master - 0 1557457490475 5 connected 10923-16383
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可以看到，新增的节点都是以master身份加入集群的
- 更换节点身份：
将新增的192.168.30.130:7008节点身份改为192.168.30.129:7007的slave
# redis-cli -c -h 192.168.30.130 -p 7008 -a 123456 cluster replicate e51ab166bc0f33026887bcf8eba0dff3d5b0bf14
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cluster replicate后面跟node_id，更改对应节点身份。也可以登入集群更改
# redis-cli -c -h 192.168.30.130 -p 7008 -a 123456192.168.30.130:7008> CLUSTER REPLICATE e51ab166bc0f33026887bcf8eba0dff3d5b0bf14 OK 192.168.30.130:7008> CLUSTER NODES 277daeb8660d5273b7c3e05c263f861ed5f17b92 192.168.30.130:7006@17006 slave 4d74ec66e898bf09006dac86d4928f9fad81f373 0 1557458316881 3 connected 80c80a3f3e33872c047a8328ad579b9bea001ad8 192.168.30.128:7001@17001 master - 0 1557458314864 1 connected 0-5460 4d74ec66e898bf09006dac86d4928f9fad81f373 192.168.30.129:7003@17003 master - 0 1557458316000 3 connected 5461-10922 6788453ee9a8d7f72b1d45a9093838efd0e501f1 192.168.30.130:7005@17005 master - 0 1557458315872 5 connected 10923-16383 b4d3eb411a7355d4767c6c23b4df69fa183ef8bc 192.168.30.128:7002@17002 slave 6788453ee9a8d7f72b1d45a9093838efd0e501f1 0 1557458317890 5 connected 1a1c7f02fce87530bd5abdfc98df1cffce4f1767 192.168.30.130:7008@17008 myself,slave e51ab166bc0f33026887bcf8eba0dff3d5b0bf14 0 1557458315000 7 connected b6331cbc986794237c83ed2d5c30777c1551546e 192.168.30.129:7004@17004 slave 80c80a3f3e33872c047a8328ad579b9bea001ad8 0 1557458315000 1 connected e51ab166bc0f33026887bcf8eba0dff3d5b0bf14 192.168.30.129:7007@17007 master - 0 1557458314000 0 connected
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查看相应的nodes.conf文件，可以发现有更改，它记录当前集群的节点信息
# cat /data/redis/cluster/redis_7001/nodes-7001.conf1a1c7f02fce87530bd5abdfc98df1cffce4f1767 192.168.30.130:7008@17008 slave e51ab166bc0f33026887bcf8eba0dff3d5b0bf14 0 1557458236169 7 connected 6788453ee9a8d7f72b1d45a9093838efd0e501f1 192.168.30.130:7005@17005 master - 0 1557458235000 5 connected 10923-16383 277daeb8660d5273b7c3e05c263f861ed5f17b92 192.168.30.130:7006@17006 slave 4d74ec66e898bf09006dac86d4928f9fad81f373 0 1557458234103 6 connected b4d3eb411a7355d4767c6c23b4df69fa183ef8bc 192.168.30.128:7002@17002 slave 6788453ee9a8d7f72b1d45a9093838efd0e501f1 0 1557458235129 5 connected 80c80a3f3e33872c047a8328ad579b9bea001ad8 192.168.30.128:7001@17001 myself,master - 0 1557458234000 1 connected 0-5460 b6331cbc986794237c83ed2d5c30777c1551546e 192.168.30.129:7004@17004 slave 80c80a3f3e33872c047a8328ad579b9bea001ad8 0 1557458236000 4 connected e51ab166bc0f33026887bcf8eba0dff3d5b0bf14 192.168.30.129:7007@17007 master - 0 1557458236000 0 connected 4d74ec66e898bf09006dac86d4928f9fad81f373 192.168.30.129:7003@17003 master - 0 1557458233089 3 connected 5461-10922 vars currentEpoch 7 lastVoteEpoch 0
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- 删除节点：
192.168.30.130:7008> CLUSTER FORGET 1a1c7f02fce87530bd5abdfc98df1cffce4f1767(error) ERR I tried hard but I can't forget myself... #无法删除登录节点 192.168.30.130:7008> CLUSTER FORGET e51ab166bc0f33026887bcf8eba0dff3d5b0bf14 (error) ERR Can't forget my master! #不能删除自己的master节点192.168.30.130:7008> CLUSTER FORGET 6788453ee9a8d7f72b1d45a9093838efd0e501f1 OK #可以删除其它的master节点192.168.30.130:7008> CLUSTER NODES 277daeb8660d5273b7c3e05c263f861ed5f17b92 192.168.30.130:7006@17006 slave 4d74ec66e898bf09006dac86d4928f9fad81f373 0 1557458887328 3 connected 80c80a3f3e33872c047a8328ad579b9bea001ad8 192.168.30.128:7001@17001 master - 0 1557458887000 1 connected 0-5460 4d74ec66e898bf09006dac86d4928f9fad81f373 192.168.30.129:7003@17003 master - 0 1557458886000 3 connected 5461-10922 b4d3eb411a7355d4767c6c23b4df69fa183ef8bc 192.168.30.128:7002@17002 slave - 0 1557458888351 5 connected 1a1c7f02fce87530bd5abdfc98df1cffce4f1767 192.168.30.130:7008@17008 myself,slave e51ab166bc0f33026887bcf8eba0dff3d5b0bf14 0 1557458885000 7 connected b6331cbc986794237c83ed2d5c30777c1551546e 192.168.30.129:7004@17004 slave 80c80a3f3e33872c047a8328ad579b9bea001ad8 0 1557458883289 1 connected e51ab166bc0f33026887bcf8eba0dff3d5b0bf14 192.168.30.129:7007@17007 master - 0 1557458885310 0 connected 192.168.30.130:7008> CLUSTER FORGET b4d3eb411a7355d4767c6c23b4df69fa183ef8bc OK #可以删除其它的slave节点192.168.30.130:7008> CLUSTER NODES 277daeb8660d5273b7c3e05c263f861ed5f17b92 192.168.30.130:7006@17006 slave 4d74ec66e898bf09006dac86d4928f9fad81f373 0 1557459031397 3 connected 80c80a3f3e33872c047a8328ad579b9bea001ad8 192.168.30.128:7001@17001 master - 0 1557459032407 1 connected 0-5460 4d74ec66e898bf09006dac86d4928f9fad81f373 192.168.30.129:7003@17003 master - 0 1557459035434 3 connected 5461-10922 6788453ee9a8d7f72b1d45a9093838efd0e501f1 192.168.30.130:7005@17005 master - 0 1557459034000 5 connected 10923-16383 1a1c7f02fce87530bd5abdfc98df1cffce4f1767 192.168.30.130:7008@17008 myself,slave e51ab166bc0f33026887bcf8eba0dff3d5b0bf14 0 1557459032000 7 connected b6331cbc986794237c83ed2d5c30777c1551546e 192.168.30.129:7004@17004 slave 80c80a3f3e33872c047a8328ad579b9bea001ad8 0 1557459034000 1 connected e51ab166bc0f33026887bcf8eba0dff3d5b0bf14 192.168.30.129:7007@17007 master - 0 1557459034427 0 connected
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- 保存配置：
192.168.30.130:7008> CLUSTER SAVECONFIG #将节点配置信息保存到硬盘OK # cat /data/redis/cluster/redis_7001/nodes-7001.conf1a1c7f02fce87530bd5abdfc98df1cffce4f1767 192.168.30.130:7008@17008 slave e51ab166bc0f33026887bcf8eba0dff3d5b0bf14 0 1557458236169 7 connected 6788453ee9a8d7f72b1d45a9093838efd0e501f1 192.168.30.130:7005@17005 master - 0 1557458235000 5 connected 10923-16383 277daeb8660d5273b7c3e05c263f861ed5f17b92 192.168.30.130:7006@17006 slave 4d74ec66e898bf09006dac86d4928f9fad81f373 0 1557458234103 6 connected b4d3eb411a7355d4767c6c23b4df69fa183ef8bc 192.168.30.128:7002@17002 slave 6788453ee9a8d7f72b1d45a9093838efd0e501f1 0 1557458235129 5 connected 80c80a3f3e33872c047a8328ad579b9bea001ad8 192.168.30.128:7001@17001 myself,master - 0 1557458234000 1 connected 0-5460 b6331cbc986794237c83ed2d5c30777c1551546e 192.168.30.129:7004@17004 slave 80c80a3f3e33872c047a8328ad579b9bea001ad8 0 1557458236000 4 connected e51ab166bc0f33026887bcf8eba0dff3d5b0bf14 192.168.30.129:7007@17007 master - 0 1557458236000 0 connected 4d74ec66e898bf09006dac86d4928f9fad81f373 192.168.30.129:7003@17003 master - 0 1557458233089 3 connected 5461-10922 vars currentEpoch 7 lastVoteEpoch 0# redis-cli -c -h 192.168.30.130 -p 7008 -a 123456Warning: Using a password with '-a' or '-u' option on the command line interface may not be safe. 192.168.30.130:7008> CLUSTER NODES 277daeb8660d5273b7c3e05c263f861ed5f17b92 192.168.30.130:7006@17006 slave 4d74ec66e898bf09006dac86d4928f9fad81f373 0 1557459500741 3 connected 80c80a3f3e33872c047a8328ad579b9bea001ad8 192.168.30.128:7001@17001 master - 0 1557459500000 1 connected 0-5460 4d74ec66e898bf09006dac86d4928f9fad81f373 192.168.30.129:7003@17003 master - 0 1557459501000 3 connected 5461-10922 6788453ee9a8d7f72b1d45a9093838efd0e501f1 192.168.30.130:7005@17005 master - 0 1557459500000 5 connected 10923-16383 b4d3eb411a7355d4767c6c23b4df69fa183ef8bc 192.168.30.128:7002@17002 slave 6788453ee9a8d7f72b1d45a9093838efd0e501f1 0 1557459499737 5 connected 1a1c7f02fce87530bd5abdfc98df1cffce4f1767 192.168.30.130:7008@17008 myself,slave e51ab166bc0f33026887bcf8eba0dff3d5b0bf14 0 1557459499000 7 connected b6331cbc986794237c83ed2d5c30777c1551546e 192.168.30.129:7004@17004 slave 80c80a3f3e33872c047a8328ad579b9bea001ad8 0 1557459501750 1 connected e51ab166bc0f33026887bcf8eba0dff3d5b0bf14 192.168.30.129:7007@17007 master - 0 1557459498000 0 connected
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可以看到，之前删除的节点又恢复了，这是因为对应的配置文件没有删除，执行CLUSTER SAVECONFIG恢复。
- 模拟master节点挂掉：
192.168.30.128
# netstat -lntp |grep 7001tcp 0 0 192.168.30.128:17001 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 6701/redis-server 1 tcp 0 0 192.168.30.128:7001 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 6701/redis-server 1 # kill 6701
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192.168.30.130:7008> CLUSTER NODES 277daeb8660d5273b7c3e05c263f861ed5f17b92 192.168.30.130:7006@17006 slave 4d74ec66e898bf09006dac86d4928f9fad81f373 0 1557461178000 3 connected 80c80a3f3e33872c047a8328ad579b9bea001ad8 192.168.30.128:7001@17001 master,fail - 1557460950483 1557460947145 1 disconnected 4d74ec66e898bf09006dac86d4928f9fad81f373 192.168.30.129:7003@17003 master - 0 1557461174922 3 connected 5461-10922 6788453ee9a8d7f72b1d45a9093838efd0e501f1 192.168.30.130:7005@17005 master - 0 1557461181003 5 connected 10923-16383 b4d3eb411a7355d4767c6c23b4df69fa183ef8bc 192.168.30.128:7002@17002 slave 6788453ee9a8d7f72b1d45a9093838efd0e501f1 0 1557461179993 5 connected 1a1c7f02fce87530bd5abdfc98df1cffce4f1767 192.168.30.130:7008@17008 myself,slave e51ab166bc0f33026887bcf8eba0dff3d5b0bf14 0 1557461176000 7 connected b6331cbc986794237c83ed2d5c30777c1551546e 192.168.30.129:7004@17004 master - 0 1557461178981 8 connected 0-5460 e51ab166bc0f33026887bcf8eba0dff3d5b0bf14 192.168.30.129:7007@17007 master - 0 1557461179000 0 connected
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对应7001的一行可以看到，master fail，状态为disconnected；而对应7004的一行，slave已经变成master。
- 重新启动7001节点：
# redis-server /usr/local/redis/cluster/redis_7001.conf192.168.30.130:7008> CLUSTER NODES 277daeb8660d5273b7c3e05c263f861ed5f17b92 192.168.30.130:7006@17006 slave 4d74ec66e898bf09006dac86d4928f9fad81f373 0 1557461307000 3 connected 80c80a3f3e33872c047a8328ad579b9bea001ad8 192.168.30.128:7001@17001 slave b6331cbc986794237c83ed2d5c30777c1551546e 0 1557461305441 8 connected 4d74ec66e898bf09006dac86d4928f9fad81f373 192.168.30.129:7003@17003 master - 0 1557461307962 3 connected 5461-10922 6788453ee9a8d7f72b1d45a9093838efd0e501f1 192.168.30.130:7005@17005 master - 0 1557461304935 5 connected 10923-16383 b4d3eb411a7355d4767c6c23b4df69fa183ef8bc 192.168.30.128:7002@17002 slave 6788453ee9a8d7f72b1d45a9093838efd0e501f1 0 1557461306000 5 connected 1a1c7f02fce87530bd5abdfc98df1cffce4f1767 192.168.30.130:7008@17008 myself,slave e51ab166bc0f33026887bcf8eba0dff3d5b0bf14 0 1557461305000 7 connected b6331cbc986794237c83ed2d5c30777c1551546e 192.168.30.129:7004@17004 master - 0 1557461308972 8 connected 0-5460 e51ab166bc0f33026887bcf8eba0dff3d5b0bf14 192.168.30.129:7007@17007 master - 0 1557461307000 0 connected
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可以看到，7001节点启动后为slave节点，并且是7004的slave节点。即master节点如果挂掉，它的slave节点变为新master节点继续对外提供服务，而原来的master节点如果重启，则变为新master节点的slave节点。
另外，如果这里是拿7007节点做测试的话，会发现7008节点并不会切换，这是因为7007节点上根本没数据。集群数据被分为三份，采用哈希槽 (hash slot)的方式来分配16384个slot的话，它们三个节点分别承担的slot 区间是：
节点7004覆盖0－5460 节点7003覆盖5461－10922 节点7005覆盖10923－16383
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