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新鲜速递：Spring Cloud Alibaba环境在Spring Boot 3时代的快速搭建

了解

首先，Spring Cloud Alibaba使用的是Nacos作为服务注册和服务发现的中间件。
新鲜速递：Spring Cloud Alibaba环境在Spring Boot 3时代的快速搭建-LMLPHP
能力在提供者那里，而消费者只需知道提供者提供哪些服务，而无需关心提供者在哪里，实际调用过程如下图
新鲜速递：Spring Cloud Alibaba环境在Spring Boot 3时代的快速搭建-LMLPHP

准备工作

1、需要下载并安装Nacos最新版
下载安装过程略，如果是单机启动请建立一个批处理放在解压后的bin目录里，命令内容就一行：startup.cmd -m standalone
用单机模式启动Nacos，如果你是Linux系统，请改成.sh并加上bash头
2、启动nacos，默认用户名密码均为nacos，端口号为8848，但同时要注意，如果你是docker部署，因为有gRPC协议，还需要放行9848端口。
3、Nacos作为一个配置中心，还需要加上我们应用的配置，可以少写很多配置。
新鲜速递：Spring Cloud Alibaba环境在Spring Boot 3时代的快速搭建-LMLPHP

配置中心添加配置文件

点击加号，添加这三个配置文件，配置格式都为YAML
新鲜速递：Spring Cloud Alibaba环境在Spring Boot 3时代的快速搭建-LMLPHP
application-dev.yml内容：

feign:
  sentinel:
    enabled: true
  okhttp:
    enabled: true
  httpclient:
    enabled: false
  client:
    config:
      default:
        connectTimeout: 10000
        readTimeout: 10000
  compression:
    request:
      enabled: true
    response:
      enabled: true

management:
  endpoints:
    web:
      exposure:
        include: '*'

provider-dev.yml和consumer-dev.yml内容：

spring:

项目搭建

先随便建立一个空白Maven项目，只要pom.xml文件，src目录是不需要的。然后把pom.xml改成如下：

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>com.demo</groupId>
    <artifactId>demo</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <modules>
        <module>provider</module>
        <module>consumer</module>
        <module>api</module>
    </modules>

    <properties>
        <java.version>17</java.version>
        <maven.compiler.source>17</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>17</maven.compiler.target>
    </properties>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>3.1.4</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>2022.0.4</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>2022.0.0.0</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>

            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.demo</groupId>
                <artifactId>consumer</artifactId>
                <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
            </dependency>

            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.demo</groupId>
                <artifactId>api</artifactId>
                <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
            </dependency>

            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.demo</groupId>
                <artifactId>provider</artifactId>
                <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-config</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-bootstrap</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-loadbalancer</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <repositories>
        <repository>
            <id>public</id>
            <name>aliyun nexus</name>
            <url>https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/public</url>
            <releases>
                <enabled>true</enabled>
            </releases>
        </repository>
    </repositories>

    <pluginRepositories>
        <pluginRepository>
            <id>public</id>
            <name>aliyun nexus</name>
            <url>https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/public</url>
            <releases>
                <enabled>true</enabled>
            </releases>
            <snapshots>
                <enabled>false</enabled>
            </snapshots>
        </pluginRepository>
    </pluginRepositories>

    <packaging>pom</packaging>

    <build>
        <pluginManagement>
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                    <configuration>
                        <excludes>
                            <exclude>
                                <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                                <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
                            </exclude>
                        </excludes>
                    </configuration>
                    <version>3.1.4</version>
                    <executions>
                        <execution>
                            <goals>
                                <goal>repackage</goal>
                            </goals>
                        </execution>
                    </executions>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </pluginManagement>
    </build>
</project>

然后搭建三个子项目，api、provider、consumer，分别代表API库、提供者和消费者
新鲜速递：Spring Cloud Alibaba环境在Spring Boot 3时代的快速搭建-LMLPHP
目录结构应当是，api、provider、consumer目录和pom.xml文件平级

提供者编写

提供者的pom.xml，在provider目录下。要注意和主项目的dependencyManagement中provider的声明保持一致。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>com.demo</groupId>
        <artifactId>demo</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>

    <artifactId>provider</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>provider</name>

    <dependencies>

    </dependencies>
</project>

编写启动类，关键点是添加@EnableFeignClients(basePackages = "com.demo")注解

package com.demo.provider;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;

@EnableFeignClients(basePackages = "com.demo")
@SpringBootApplication
public class ProviderApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ProviderApplication.class, args);
    }

}

随便写一个非常正常、平平无奇的Controller：

package com.demo.provider;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/")
public class ProviderController {
    @RequestMapping("sayHello")
    public String sayHello(String name){
        return "你好，"+name;
    }
}

然后在resources目录里建立一个bootstrap.yml文件

server:
  port: 9001

spring:
  application:
    name: provider
  profiles:
    active: dev
  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
        server-addr: localhost:8848
      config:
        server-addr: localhost:8848
        file-extension: yml
        shared-configs:
          - application-${spring.profiles.active}.${spring.cloud.nacos.config.file-extension}

注意，把localhost替换成你的Nacos服务器地址

API编写

API的pom.xml如下（除了name和artifactId不一样，其他都和提供者一样）。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>com.demo</groupId>
        <artifactId>demo</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>

    <artifactId>api</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>api</name>

    <dependencies>

    </dependencies>

</project>

关键位置来了，API类是这么写的，这里用了OpenFeign技术

package com.demo.api;

import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;

@FeignClient(contextId = "providerMicroService", value = "provider", fallbackFactory = ProviderMicroServiceFallBackFactory.class)
public interface ProviderMicroService
{
    @GetMapping("/sayHello")
    String sayHello(@RequestParam("name") String name);
}

这里contextId指的是上下文ID，类名的小写驼峰即可。value表示你要调哪个服务，fallbackFactory是指当服务无法访问或抛出异常时服务降级类是哪个。剩下的都很好理解，注意Get Mapping指的就是上面提供者Controller的类和方法的RequestMapping注解拼起来的地址。然后每一个参数都要加上@RequestParam注解并写上叫什么名（不加就会报错）。
然后我们写服务降级类，如果你不想降级，也可以不写：

package com.demo.api;

import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FallbackFactory;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class ProviderMicroServiceFallBackFactory implements FallbackFactory<ProviderMicroService>
{
    @Override
    public ProviderMicroService create(Throwable throwable){
        return new ProviderMicroService() {
            @Override
            public String sayHello(String name) {
                return "服务访问失败";
            }
        };
    }
}

消费者编写

consumer项目的pom.xml如下，注意这里多了一个对api的引用。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>com.demo</groupId>
        <artifactId>demo</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>

    <artifactId>consumer</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>consumer</name>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.demo</groupId>
            <artifactId>api</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

然后编写启动类，同样，关键是@EnableFeignClients(basePackages = "com.demo")这一行

package com.demo.consumer;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;

@EnableFeignClients(basePackages = "com.demo")
@SpringBootApplication
public class ConsumerApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ConsumerApplication.class, args);
    }

}

最后我们编写消费者的Controller，这里的重点是MicroService是要用@Resource引入，不建议使用@Autowired：

package com.demo.consumer;

import com.demo.api.ProviderMicroService;
import jakarta.annotation.Resource;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/")
public class ConsumerController {
    @Resource
    ProviderMicroService providerMicroService;
    @RequestMapping("consumer")
    public String consumer(String name){
        return providerMicroService.sayHello(name);
    }
}

我们编写一个bootstrap.yml文件，用来启动时连接到nacos，只有name和port和provider不一样，其余的配置都是通过配置中心从nacos拉consumer-dev.yml来整合的。

server:
  port: 9000

spring:
  application:
    name: consumer
  profiles:
    active: dev
  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
        server-addr: localhost:8848
      config:
        server-addr: localhost:8848
        file-extension: yml
        shared-configs:
          - application-${spring.profiles.active}.${spring.cloud.nacos.config.file-extension}

最后一步：测试

此时我们打开consumer的Controller地址，给一个name参数，即可看到效果。这说明服务已经正常运行。
新鲜速递：Spring Cloud Alibaba环境在Spring Boot 3时代的快速搭建-LMLPHP
然后在nacos里可以看到服务的状态，说明微服务架构运行正常：
新鲜速递：Spring Cloud Alibaba环境在Spring Boot 3时代的快速搭建-LMLPHP

10-12 05:53
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