不同种类的linux系统使用不同类型的程序包，比如 rpm 包、 slp 包、lsb包、tgz包、solaris pkg包等。有些软件安装时可能遇到系统库中没有相应的包，也找不到源码编译，找到的包可能不是需要的格式，比如使用的是 mint 系统，在pkg.org上找到的却是 rpm 包，于是要么手拆包手工安装，要么将 rpm 转变为 deb 包后安装。
用法：
sudo alien -d xxxxxx.rpm 生成 xxxxxx.deb
sudo alien -d xxxxxx.tar.gz 生成 xxxxxx.deb
sudo alien -r xxxxxx.tar.gz 生成 xxxxxx.rpm
功能比较多，下表是选择项。
Usage: alien [options] file [...]
file [...] Package file or files to convert.
-d, --to-deb Generate a Debian deb package (default).
Enables these options:
--patch=<patch> Specify patch file to use instead of automatically
looking for patch in /var/lib/alien.
--nopatch Do not use patches.
--anypatch Use even old version os patches.
-s, --single Like --generate, but do not create .orig
directory.
--fixperms Munge/fix permissions and owners.
--test Test generated packages with lintian.
-r, --to-rpm Generate a Red Hat rpm package.
--to-slp Generate a Stampede slp package.
-l, --to-lsb Generate a LSB package.
-t, --to-tgz Generate a Slackware tgz package.
Enables these options:
--description=<desc> Specify package description.
--version=<version> Specify package version.
-p, --to-pkg Generate a Solaris pkg package.
-i, --install Install generated package.
-g, --generate Generate build tree, but do not build package.
-c, --scripts Include scripts in package.
--target=<arch> Set architecture of the generated package.
-v, --verbose Display each command alien runs.
--veryverbose Be verbose, and also display output of run commands.
-k, --keep-version Do not change version of generated package.
--bump=number Increment package version by this number.
-h, --help Display this help message.
-V, --version Display alien's version number.安装(mint 21.2系统)：
sudo apt install alien