DRF中版本控制的五种情况(源码分析)
在restful规范中要去,后端的API中需要体现版本。
drf框架中支持5种版本的设置。
1. URL的GET参数传递(*)
示例: user/?version=v1
# settings.py
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
"VERSION_PARAM": "v",
"DEFAULT_VERSION": "v1",
"ALLOWED_VERSIONS": ["v1", "v2", "v3"],
"DEFAULT_VERSIONING_CLASS":"rest_framework.versioning.QueryParameterVersioning"
}
源码执行流程:
- 图解: 两部分
2.URL路径传递(*)
示例: /api/v1/user
# urls.py
urlpatterns = [
path('api/<str:version>/user', views.UserView.as_view()),
]
# settings.py
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
"VERSION_PARAM": "v",
"DEFAULT_VERSION": "v1",
"ALLOWED_VERSIONS": ["v1", "v2", "v3"],
"DEFAULT_VERSIONING_CLASS":"rest_framework.versioning.URLPathVersioning"
}
3.请求头传递
# settings.py
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
"VERSION_PARAM": "v",
"DEFAULT_VERSION": "v1",
"ALLOWED_VERSIONS": ["v1", "v2", "v3"],
"DEFAULT_VERSIONING_CLASS":"rest_framework.versioning.AcceptHeaderVersioning"
}
ps: 可以使用postman伪造请求. 设置请求头: Accept : application/json; version=v3
4.二级域名传递
示例: v1.xxx.com/api/user
# settings.py
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
"VERSION_PARAM": "v",
"DEFAULT_VERSION": "v1",
"ALLOWED_VERSIONS": ["v1", "v2", "v3"],
"DEFAULT_VERSIONING_CLASS":"rest_framework.versioning.HostName"
}
在使用二级域名这种模式时需要先做两个配置:
-
域名需解析至IP,本地可以在hosts文件中添加
127.0.0.1 v1.wupeiqi.com 127.0.0.1 v2.wupeiqi.com
-
在django的settings.py配置文件中添加允许域名访问
ALLOWED_HOSTS = ["*"]
5.路由的namespace传递
反向生成url:
# urls.py
urlpatterns = [
path('api/user', views.UserView.as_view(), name='n1'),
path('api/user/<int:pk>', views.UserView.as_view(), name='n2'),
]
# views.py
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
# Create your views here.
class UserView(APIView):
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
request.versioning_scheme.reverse('n1', request=request)
request.versioning_scheme.reverse('n2', args=(11, ), request=request)
return Response({'code': 0, 'data': '嘻嘻嘻哈啊哈哈'})
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
pass
小结
以后使用drf开发后端API接口时:
- 创建django程序
- 安装drf框架
- 创建一个app专门来处理用户的请求
- 注册APP -> app 和 drf配置
- 设置版本
- 编写视图类