大规模装机时，使用无人值守装机便可大大简便人工操作，提高效率。
PXE 网络安装
配置双网卡
- 这里
ens33为nat网络，ens37为仅主机网络，配置ens37
[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
[root@localhost network-scripts]# cp ifcfg-ens33 ifcfg-ens37
[root@localhost network-scripts]# vim ifcfg-ens37
TYPE=Ethernet
BOOTPROTO=static
DEVICE=ens37
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=192.168.100.100
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=192.168.100.1
- 重启网络服务
[root@localhost ~]# service network restart
Restarting network (via systemctl): [ OK ]
- 查看网卡地址
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig ens33
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.28.128 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.28.255
inet6 fe80::605e:3c48:bafd:e550 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:bc:ab:96 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 635342 bytes 935571060 (892.2 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 288265 bytes 17505470 (16.6 MiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig ens37
ens37: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.100.100 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.100.255
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:febc:aba0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:bc:ab:a0 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 1514 bytes 461770 (450.9 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 186 bytes 31726 (30.9 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
DHCP 服务
- 安装
DHCP软件包
[root@localhost ~]# yum install dhcp -y
- 编辑
DHCP配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# cp /usr/share/doc/dhcp-4.2.5/dhcpd.conf.example /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
cp: overwrite ‘/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf’? y
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
- 在
27-40行配置网段信息。
subnet 192.168.100.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
range 192.168.100.20 192.168.100.50;
option routers 192.168.100.100;
option domain-name-servers 114.114.114.114;
next-server 192.168.100.100;
filename "pxelinux.0";
}
- 安装
syslinux软件包
[root@localhost ~]# yum install syslinux -y
- 查找
pxelinux.0引导程序
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ql syslinux | grep pxelinux.0
/usr/share/syslinux/gpxelinux.0
/usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0
TFTP 服务
- 安装
tftp-server软件包
[root@localhost ~]# yum install tftp-server -y
- 查看
tftp-server文件列表
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ql tftp-server
/etc/xinetd.d/tftp
/usr/lib/systemd/system/tftp.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/tftp.socket
/usr/sbin/in.tftpd
/usr/share/doc/tftp-server-5.2
/usr/share/doc/tftp-server-5.2/CHANGES
/usr/share/doc/tftp-server-5.2/README
/usr/share/doc/tftp-server-5.2/README.security
/usr/share/man/man8/in.tftpd.8.gz
/usr/share/man/man8/tftpd.8.gz
/var/lib/tftpboot
- 复制引导程序
pxelinux.0至tftp站点下
[root@localhost ~]# cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /var/lib/tftpboot/
- 编辑
tftp配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
- 编辑第
14行，yes改为no，开启tftp功能
disable = no
FTP 服务
- 安装 vsftp 软件包
[root@localhost ~]# yum install vsftpd -y
- 挂载镜像文件
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /var/ftp/centos7
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /var/ftp/centos7/
mount: /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
[root@localhost ~]# df -hT
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2 xfs 20G 4.3G 16G 22% /
devtmpfs devtmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 9.0M 1.9G 1% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda5 xfs 10G 37M 10G 1% /home
/dev/sda1 xfs 2.0G 174M 1.9G 9% /boot
tmpfs tmpfs 378M 40K 378M 1% /run/user/0
/dev/sr0 iso9660 4.3G 4.3G 0 100% /var/ftp/centos7
- 复制系统初始化文件
initrd.img和压缩内核vmlinuz至tftp站点下
[root@localhost ~]# cd /var/ftp/centos7/images/pxeboot/
[root@localhost pxeboot]# cp initrd.img vmlinuz /var/lib/tftpboot/
- 创建启动菜单
default
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg
[root@localhost ~]# vim /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
default auto
prompt 1
label auto
kernel vmlinuz
append initrd=initrd.img method=ftp://192.168.100.100/centos7
label linux text
kernel vmlinuz
append text initrd=initrd.img method=ftp://192.168.100.100/centos7
label linux rescue
kernel vmlinuz
append rescue initrd=initrd.img method=ftp://192.168.100.100/centos7
- 查看所需文件是否齐全
[root@localhost ~]# tree /var/lib/tftpboot/
/var/lib/tftpboot/
├── initrd.img
├── pxelinux.0
├── pxelinux.cfg
│ └── default
└── vmlinuz
1 directory, 4 files
- 启动所有相关服务
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable dhcpd
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/dhcpd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/dhcpd.service.
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable tftp
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/sockets.target.wants/tftp.socket to /usr/lib/systemd/system/tftp.socket.
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable vsftpd
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/vsftpd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/vsftpd.service.
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start dhcpd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start tftp
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start vsftpd
关闭防火墙
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0
PXE 装机验证
- 使用网络引导启动，此界面回车后可加载相关文件进行安装
kickstart 无人值守安装
安装软件包
[root@localhost ~]# yum install system-config-kickstart -y
启动程序
[root@localhost ~]# system-config-kickstart
创建自动应答文件
- 基本配置
- 安装方法
- 引导装载程序选项
- 分区信息
- 分区
boot信息
- 分区
home信息
- 分区
swap信息
- 分区
/信息
- 网络配置
- 验证
- 防火墙配置
- 显示配置
- 软件包选择
- 预安装脚本
- 安装后脚本
- 保存应答文件至
/var/ftp
编辑 ks.cfg
[root@localhost ~]# ls /var/ftp/
centos7 ks.cfg pub
- 从
/root/anaconda-ks.cfg中复制需要安装的软件包的参数
[root@localhost ~]# vim /root/anaconda-ks.cfg
%packages
@^gnome-desktop-environment
@base
@core
@desktop-debugging
@dial-up
@directory-client
@fonts
@gnome-desktop
@guest-agents
@guest-desktop-agents
@input-methods
@internet-browser
@java-platform
@multimedia
@network-file-system-client
@networkmanager-submodules
@print-client
@x11
chrony
kexec-tools
%end
- 将安装包参数粘贴到
ks.cfg文件最后
[root@localhost ~]# vim /var/ftp/ks.cfg
#platform=x86, AMD64, or Intel EM64T
#version=DEVEL
# Install OS instead of upgrade
install
# Keyboard layouts
keyboard 'us'
# Root password
rootpw --iscrypted $1$MzI8tkpP$whWLRJqNdsvOMTgOewQ0i1
# Use network installation
url --url="ftp://192.168.100.100/centos7"
# System language
lang en_US
# Firewall configuration
firewall --disabled
# System authorization information
auth --useshadow --passalgo=sha512
# Use graphical install
graphical
firstboot --disable
# SELinux configuration
selinux --disabled
# Network information
network --bootproto=dhcp --device=ens33
# Reboot after installation
reboot
# System timezone
timezone Asia/Shanghai
# System bootloader configuration
bootloader --location=mbr
# Clear the Master Boot Record
zerombr
# Partition clearing information
clearpart --all
# Disk partitioning information
part /boot --fstype="xfs" --size=1024
part /home --fstype="xfs" --size=5120
part swap --fstype="swap" --size=4096
part / --fstype="xfs" --grow --size=1
%packages
@^gnome-desktop-environment
@base
@core
@desktop-debugging
@dial-up
@directory-client
@fonts
@gnome-desktop
@guest-agents
@guest-desktop-agents
@input-methods
@internet-browser
@java-platform
@multimedia
@network-file-system-client
@networkmanager-submodules
@print-client
@x11
chrony
kexec-tools
%end
编辑启动菜单
[root@localhost ~]# vim /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
default auto
prompt 1
label auto
kernel vmlinuz
append initrd=initrd.img method=ftp://192.168.100.100/centos7 ks=ftp://192.168.100.100/ks.cfg
label linux text
kernel vmlinuz
append text initrd=initrd.img method=ftp://192.168.100.100/centos7
label linux rescue
kernel vmlinuz
append rescue initrd=initrd.img method=ftp://192.168.100.100/centos7