知识点的回顾:

  • 安装Django

    pip install django
    
  • 创建Django项目

    >>> django-admin startproject mysite
    

    注意:Pycharm可以创建。如果Pycharm创建,记得settings.py中的DIR templates删除。

  • 创建app&注册

    >>>python manage.py startapp app01
    >>>python manage.py startapp app02
    >>>python manage.py startapp app03
    
    INSTALLED_APPS = [
        "django.contrib.admin",
        "django.contrib.auth",
        "django.contrib.contenttypes",
        "django.contrib.sessions",
        "django.contrib.messages",
        "django.contrib.staticfiles",
        "app01.apps.App01Config"
    ]
    

    注意:否则app下的models.py写类时,无法在数据库中创建表。

  • 配置静态文件路径&模板的路径(放在app目录下)。

  • 配置数据库相关操作(MySQL)

    • 第三方模块(django3版本)

      pip install mysqlclient
      
    • 自己先去MySQL创建一个数据库。

    • 配置数据库连接settings.py

      DATABASES = {
          'default':
              {
                  'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',  # 数据库引擎
                  'NAME': 'gx_day16',  # 数据库名称
                  'HOST': '127.0.0.1',  # 数据库地址,本机 ip 地址 127.0.0.1
                  'PORT': 3306,  # 端口
                  'USER': 'root',  # 数据库用户名
                  'PASSWORD': 'xxxx',  # 数据库密码
              }
      }
      
    • 在app下的models.py中编写

      nfrom django.db import models
      
      
      class Admin(models.Model):
          """ 管理员 """
          username = models.CharField(max_length=32, verbose_name='用户名')
          password = models.CharField(max_length=64, verbose_name='密码')
      
          def __str__(self):
              return self.username
      
      
      class Department(models.Model):
          """ 部门表 """
          title = models.CharField(max_length=32, verbose_name='标题')
      
          def __str__(self):
              return self.title
      
    • 执行两个命令:

      >>>python manage.py makemigrations
      >>>python manage.py migrate
      
  • 在url.py,路由(url和函数的关系)

  • 在views.py,视图函数,编写业务逻辑

  • templates目录,编写HTML模板(含有模板语法、继承、{% static 'xx'%}

  • ModelForm & Form组件,在我们开发增删改查功能

    • 生成HTML标签(生成默认值)
    • 请求数据进行校验
    • 保存到数据库(ModelForm)
    • 获取错误信息
  • Cookie和Session,用户登录信息保存起来

  • 中间件,基于中间件实现用户认证,基于:process_request

  • ORM操作

    models.User.objects.filter(id="xxx")
    models.User.objects.filter(id="xxx").order_by("-id")
    
  • 分页组件

1.Ajax请求

2.订单

七、Ajax(Django开发)-LMLPHP

表结构

class Order(models.Model):
    """ 订单 """
    oid = models.CharField(max_length=64, verbose_name='订单号')
    title = models.CharField(max_length=32, verbose_name='名称')
    price = models.IntegerField(verbose_name='价格')

    status_choice = (
        (1, '待支付'),
        (2, '已支付'),
    )
    status = models.SmallIntegerField(choices=status_choice, verbose_name='状态', default=1)
    admin = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name="管理员", to="Admin", on_delete=models.CASCADE)

想要去数据库中获取数据时:对象/字典

# 对象,当前行的所有数据。
row_object = models.Order.objects.filter(id=uid).first()
row_object.id
row_object.title
# 字典,{"id":1,"title":"xx"}
row_dict = models.Order.objects.filter(id=uid).values("id","title").first()
# queryset = [obj,obj,obj]
queryset = models.Order.objects.all()
# queryset = [{"id":1,"title":"xx"},{"id":2,"title":"xx"},]
queryset = models.Order.objects.all().values("id","title")
# queryset = [(1,"xx"),(2,"xx"),]
queryset = models.Order.objects.all().values_list("id","title")

小结

3.图表

  • highchart,国外
  • echarts,国内

七、Ajax(Django开发)-LMLPHP

七、Ajax(Django开发)-LMLPHP

更多参考文档:https://echarts.apache.org/examples/zh/index.html#chart-type-line

4.关于文件上传

4.1基本操作

{% extends 'layout.html' %}

{% block content %}
    <div class="container">
        <form method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
            {% csrf_token %}
            <input type="text" name="username">
            <input type="file" name="avatar">
            <input type="submit" name="提交">
        </form>
    </div>
{% endblock %}
# 'username': ['lingze']
print(request.POST)  # 请求体中数据
# {'avatar': [<InMemoryUploadedFile: 1.png (image/png)>]}
print(request.FILES)   # 请求发过来的文件
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse, render


def upload_list(request):
    if request.method == 'GET':
        return render(request, 'upload_list.html')

    # 'username': ['lingze']
    # print(request.POST)  # 请求体中数据
    # {'avatar': [<InMemoryUploadedFile: 1.png (image/png)>]}
    # print(request.FILES)   # 请求发过来的文件

    file_object = request.FILES.get("avatar")
    print(file_object.name)

    f = open(file_object.name, mode='wb')
    for chunk in file_object.chunks():
        f.write(chunk)
    f.close()

    return HttpResponse("....")


案例:批量上传数据

<form method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data" action="/depart/multi/">
	{% csrf_token %}
	<div class="form-group">
		<input type="file" name="exc">
	</div>
	<input type="submit" value="上传" class="btn btn-info btn-sm">
</form>
def depart_multi(request):
    """ 批量上传(Excel文件)"""
    # 1、获取用户上传的文件对象
    file_object = request.FILES.get('exc')
    print(type(file_object))

    # 2、直接打开Excel并读取内容
    wb = load_workbook(file_object)
    sheet = wb.worksheets[0]

    # 3、循环获取每一行数据
    for row in sheet.iter_rows(min_row=2):
        text = row[0].value
        exists = models.Department.objects.filter(title=text).exists()
        if not exists:
            models.Department.objects.create(title=text)

    return redirect('/depart/list/')

案例:混合数据(Form)

提交页面时:用户输入数据+文件(输入不能为空、报错)。

  • Form生成HTML标签:type=file
  • 表单的验证
  • form.cleaned_data 获取 数据 + 文件对象
{% extends 'layout.html' %}

{% block content %}

    <div class="container">
        <div class="panel panel-default">
            <div class="panel-heading">
                <h3 class="panel-title">{{ title }}</h3>
            </div>
            <div class="panel-body">
                <form method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data" novalidate>
                    {% csrf_token %}

                    {% for field in form %}
                        <div class="form-group">
                            <label>{{ field.label }}</label>
                            {{ field }}
                            <span style="color: red">{{ field.errors.0 }}</span>
                        </div>
                    {% endfor %}

                    <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">提 交</button>
                </form>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>

{% endblock %}
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse, render
from django import forms
from app01.utils.bootstrap import BootStrapForm
import os
from app01 import models


def upload_list(request):
    if request.method == 'GET':
        return render(request, 'upload_list.html')

    # 'username': ['lingze']
    # print(request.POST)  # 请求体中数据
    # {'avatar': [<InMemoryUploadedFile: 1.png (image/png)>]}
    # print(request.FILES)   # 请求发过来的文件

    file_object = request.FILES.get("avatar")
    print(file_object.name)

    f = open(file_object.name, mode='wb')
    for chunk in file_object.chunks():
        f.write(chunk)
    f.close()

    return HttpResponse("....")


class UpForm(BootStrapForm):
    bootstrap_exclude_fields = ['img']
    name = forms.CharField(label="姓名")
    age = forms.IntegerField(label="年龄")
    img = forms.FileField(label="头像")


def upload_form(request):
    title = "Form上传"
    if request.method == 'GET':
        form = UpForm()
        return render(request, 'upload_form.html', {'title': title, 'form': form})

    form = UpForm(data=request.POST, files=request.FILES)
    if form.is_valid():
        # {'name': '吴佩琦2', 'age': 19, 'img': <InMemoryUploadedFile: apple.png (image/png)>}
        # print(form.cleaned_data)

        # 1、读取图片内容,写入到文件夹中并获取文件的路径。
        image_object = form.cleaned_data.get("img")

        db_file_path = os.path.join("static", "img", image_object.name)
        file_path = os.path.join("app01", "static", "img", image_object.name)
        f = open(file_path, 'wb')
        for chunk in image_object.chunks():
            f.write(chunk)
        f.close()

        # 2、将图片文件路径写入到数据库
        models.Boss.objects.create(
            name=form.cleaned_data.get("name"),
            age=form.cleaned_data.get("age"),
            img=db_file_path,
        )

        return HttpResponse("...")
    return render(request, 'upload_form.html', {'title': title, 'form': form})

注意:就目前而言,所有的静态文件都只能放在static目录。

在django的开发过程中两个特殊的文件夹:

  • static,存放静态文件的路径,包括:CSS、JS、项目图片。
  • media,用户上传的数据的目录。

4.2启用media

在urls.py中进行配置:

from django.conf import settings
from django.urls import path, re_path
from django.views.static import serve


re_path(r'^media/(?P<path>.*)$', serve, {'document_root': settings.MEDIA_ROOT}, name='media'),

在settings.py中进行配置:

import os

MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'media')
MEDIA_URL = "/media/"

在浏览器上访问这个地址:

七、Ajax(Django开发)-LMLPHP

案例:混合数据(form)

from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse, render
from django import forms
from app01.utils.bootstrap import BootStrapForm
import os
from app01 import models
from django.conf import settings


def upload_list(request):
    if request.method == 'GET':
        return render(request, 'upload_list.html')

    # 'username': ['lingze']
    # print(request.POST)  # 请求体中数据
    # {'avatar': [<InMemoryUploadedFile: 1.png (image/png)>]}
    # print(request.FILES)   # 请求发过来的文件

    file_object = request.FILES.get("avatar")
    print(file_object.name)

    f = open(file_object.name, mode='wb')
    for chunk in file_object.chunks():
        f.write(chunk)
    f.close()

    return HttpResponse("....")


class UpForm(BootStrapForm):
    bootstrap_exclude_fields = ['img']
    name = forms.CharField(label="姓名")
    age = forms.IntegerField(label="年龄")
    img = forms.FileField(label="头像")


def upload_form(request):
    title = "Form上传"
    if request.method == 'GET':
        form = UpForm()
        return render(request, 'upload_form.html', {'title': title, 'form': form})

    form = UpForm(data=request.POST, files=request.FILES)
    if form.is_valid():
        # {'name': '吴佩琦2', 'age': 19, 'img': <InMemoryUploadedFile: apple.png (image/png)>}
        # print(form.cleaned_data)

        # 1、读取图片内容,写入到文件夹中并获取文件的路径。
        image_object = form.cleaned_data.get("img")

        # media_path = os.path.join(settings.MEDIA_ROOT, image_object.name)
        media_path = os.path.join("media", image_object.name)
        # db_file_path = os.path.join("static", "img", image_object.name)
        # file_path = os.path.join("app01", "static", "img", image_object.name)
        f = open(media_path, 'wb')
        for chunk in image_object.chunks():
            f.write(chunk)
        f.close()

        # 2、将图片文件路径写入到数据库
        models.Boss.objects.create(
            name=form.cleaned_data.get("name"),
            age=form.cleaned_data.get("age"),
            img=media_path,
        )

        return HttpResponse("...")
    return render(request, 'upload_form.html', {'title': title, 'form': form})

案例:混合数据(ModelForm)

models.py
class City(models.Model):
    """ 老板 """
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32, verbose_name='名称')
    count = models.IntegerField(verbose_name='人口')

    # 本质上数据库也是ChartField,自动保存数据。
    img = models.FileField(max_length=128, verbose_name='Logo', upload_to='city/')
定义ModelForm
from app01.utils.bootstrap import BootStrapForm, BootStrapModelForm

class UpModelForm(BootStrapModelForm):
    bootstrap_exclude_fields = ['img']

    class Meta:
        model = models.City
        fields = '__all__'
视图
def upload_modal_form(request):
    """ 上传文件和数据(ModalForm)"""
    title = "ModelForm上传文件"
    if request.method == 'GET':
        form = UpModelForm()
        return render(request, 'upload_form.html', {'form': form, 'title': title})

    form = UpModelForm(data=request.POST, files=request.FILES)
    if form.is_valid():
        # 对于文件:自动保存
        # 字段 + 上传路径写入到数据库
        form.save()
        return HttpResponse("成功")
    return render(request, 'upload_form.html', {'form': form, 'title': title})

小结

  • 自己手动去写

    file_object = request.FILES.get("exc")
    ...
    
  • Form组件(表单验证)

    request.POST
    file_object = request.FILES.get("exc")
    
    具体文件操作还是手动自己做。
    
  • ModelForm(表单验证+自动保存数据库+自动保存文件)

    - Media文件夹
    - Models.py定义类文件要
    	img = models.FileField(verbose_name="Logo", max_length=128, upload_to='city/')
    

七、Ajax(Django开发)-LMLPHP

04-08 06:51