一、框架结构：
工程目录
代码：基于python2编写
二、Case文件设计
三、基础包 base
3.1 封装get/post请求（runmethon.py）
import requests
import json
class RunMethod:
def post_main(self,url,data,header=None):
res = None
if header !=None:
res = requests.post(url=url,data=data,headers=header)
else:
res = requests.post(url=url,data=data)
return res.json()
def get_main(self,url,data=None,header=None):
res = None
if header !=None:
res = requests.get(url=url,data=data,headers=header,verify=False)
else:
res = requests.get(url=url,data=data,verify=False)
return res.json()
def run_main(self,method,url,data=None,header=None):
res = None
if method == 'Post':
res = self.post_main(url,data,header)
else:
res = self.get_main(url,data,header)
return json.dumps(res,ensure_ascii=False,sort_keys=True,indent=2)
3.2 封装mock（mock.py）
from mock import mock
#模拟mock 封装
def mock_test(mock_method,request_data,url,method,response_data):
mock_method = mock.Mock(return_value=response_data)
res = mock_method(url,method,request_data)
return res
四、数据操作包 operation_data
4.1 获取excel单元格中的内容（get_data.py）
#coding:utf-8
from tool.operation_excel import OperationExcel
import data_config
from tool.operation_json import OperetionJson
from tool.connect_db import OperationMysql
class GetData:
def __init__(self):
self.opera_excel = OperationExcel()
#去获取excel行数,就是case的个数
def get_case_lines(self):
return self.opera_excel.get_lines()
#获取是否执行
def get_is_run(self,row):
flag = None
col = int(data_config.get_run())
run_model = self.opera_excel.get_cell_value(row,col)
if run_model == 'yes':
flag = True
else:
flag = False
return flag
#是否携带header
def is_header(self,row):
col = int(data_config.get_header())
header = self.opera_excel.get_cell_value(row,col)
if header != '':
return header
else:
return None
#获取请求方式
def get_request_method(self,row):
col = int(data_config.get_run_way())
request_method = self.opera_excel.get_cell_value(row,col)
return request_method
#获取url
def get_request_url(self,row):
col = int(data_config.get_url())
url = self.opera_excel.get_cell_value(row,col)
return url
#获取请求数据
def get_request_data(self,row):
col = int(data_config.get_data())
data = self.opera_excel.get_cell_value(row,col)
if data == '':
return None
return data
#通过获取关键字拿到data数据
def get_data_for_json(self,row):
opera_json = OperetionJson()
request_data = opera_json.get_data(self.get_request_data(row))
return request_data
#获取预期结果
def get_expcet_data(self,row):
col = int(data_config.get_expect())
expect = self.opera_excel.get_cell_value(row,col)
if expect == '':
return None
return expect
#通过sql获取预期结果
def get_expcet_data_for_mysql(self,row):
op_mysql = OperationMysql()
sql = self.get_expcet_data(row)
res = op_mysql.search_one(sql)
return res.decode('unicode-escape')
def write_result(self,row,value):
col = int(data_config.get_result())
self.opera_excel.write_value(row,col,value)
#获取依赖数据的key
def get_depend_key(self,row):
col = int(data_config.get_data_depend())
depent_key = self.opera_excel.get_cell_value(row,col)
if depent_key == "":
return None
else:
return depent_key
#判断是否有case依赖
def is_depend(self,row):
col = int(data_config.get_case_depend())
depend_case_id = self.opera_excel.get_cell_value(row,col)
if depend_case_id == "":
return None
else:
return depend_case_id
#获取数据依赖字段
def get_depend_field(self,row):
col = int(data_config.get_field_depend())
data = self.opera_excel.get_cell_value(row,col)
if data == "":
return None
else:
return data
4.2 获取excel中每个列（data_config.py）
#coding:utf-8
class global_var:
#case_id
Id = '0'
request_name = '1'
url = '2'
run = '3'
request_way = '4'
header = '5'
case_depend = '6'
data_depend = '7'
field_depend = '8'
data = '9'
expect = '10'
result = '11'
#获取caseid
def get_id():
return global_var.Id
#获取url
def get_url():
return global_var.url
def get_run():
return global_var.run
def get_run_way():
return global_var.request_way
def get_header():
return global_var.header
def get_case_depend():
return global_var.case_depend
def get_data_depend():
return global_var.data_depend
def get_field_depend():
return global_var.field_depend
def get_data():
return global_var.data
def get_expect():
return global_var.expect
def get_result():
return global_var.result
def get_header_value():
return global_var.header
4.3 解决数据依赖（dependent.py ）
#coding:utf-8
import sys
import json
sys.path.append('C:/Users/lxz/Desktop/InterFace_JIA')
from tool.operation_excel import OperationExcel
from base.runmethod import RunMethod
from operation_data.get_data import GetData
from jsonpath_rw import jsonpath,parse
class DependdentData:
def __init__(self,case_id):
self.case_id = case_id
self.opera_excel = OperationExcel()
self.data = GetData()
#通过case_id去获取该case_id的整行数据
def get_case_line_data(self):
rows_data = self.opera_excel.get_rows_data(self.case_id)
return rows_data
#执行依赖测试，获取结果
def run_dependent(self):
run_method = RunMethod()
row_num = self.opera_excel.get_row_num(self.case_id)
request_data = self.data.get_data_for_json(row_num)
#header = self.data.is_header(row_num)
method = self.data.get_request_method(row_num)
url = self.data.get_request_url(row_num)
res = run_method.run_main(method,url,request_data)
return json.loads(res)
#根据依赖的key去获取执行依赖测试case的响应,然后返回
def get_data_for_key(self,row):
depend_data = self.data.get_depend_key(row)
response_data = self.run_dependent()
json_exe = parse(depend_data)
madle = json_exe.find(response_data)
return [math.value for math in madle][0]
if __name__ == '__main__':
order = {
"data": {
"_input_charset": "utf-8",
"body": "京东订单-1710141907182334",
"it_b_pay": "1d",
"notify_url": "http://order.imooc.com/pay/notifyalipay",
"out_trade_no": "1710141907182334",
"partner": "2088002966755334",
"payment_type": "1",
"seller_id": "yangyan01@tcl.com",
"service": "mobile.securitypay.pay",
"sign": "kZBV53KuiUf5HIrVLBCcBpWDg%2FnzO%2BtyEnBqgVYwwBtDU66Xk8VQUTbVOqDjrNymCupkVhlI%2BkFZq1jOr8C554KsZ7Gk7orC9dDbQl
pr%2BaMmdjO30JBgjqjj4mmM%2Flphy9Xwr0Xrv46uSkDKdlQqLDdGAOP7YwOM2dSLyUQX%2Bo4%3D",
"sign_type": "RSA",
"string": "_input_charset=utf-8&body=京东订单-1710141907182334&it_b_pay=1d¬ify_url=http://order.imooc.com/pay/
notifyalipay&out_trade_no=1710141907182334&partner=2088002966755334&payment_type=1&seller_id=yangyan01@
tcl.com&service=mobile.securitypay.pay&subject=京东订单-1710141907182334&total_fee=299&sign=kZBV53KuiUf5H
IrVLBCcBpWDg%2FnzO%2BtyEnBqgVYwwBtDU66Xk8VQUTbVOqDjrNymCupkVhlI%2BkFZq1jOr8C554KsZ7Gk7orC9dDbQlpr%2BaMmdjO30
JBgjqjj4mmM%2Flphy9Xwr0Xrv46uSkDKdlQqLDdGAOP7YwOM2dSLyUQX%2Bo4%3D&sign_type=RSA",
"subject": "京东订单-1710141907182334",
"total_fee": 299
},
"errorCode": 1000,
"errorDesc": "成功",
"status": 1,
"timestamp": 1507979239100
}
res = "data.out_trade_no"
json_exe = parse(res)
madle = json_exe.find(order)
print [math.value for math in madle][0]
五、工具类包 tool
5.1 操作excel (operation_excel.py)
#coding:utf-8
import xlrd
from xlutils.copy import copy
class OperationExcel:
def __init__(self,file_name=None,sheet_id=None):
if file_name:
self.file_name = file_name
self.sheet_id = sheet_id
else:
self.file_name = '../dataconfig/case1.xls'
self.sheet_id = 0
self.data = self.get_data()
#获取sheets的内容
def get_data(self):
data = xlrd.open_workbook(self.file_name)
tables = data.sheets()[self.sheet_id]
return tables
#获取单元格的行数
def get_lines(self):
tables = self.data
return tables.nrows
#获取某一个单元格的内容
def get_cell_value(self,row,col):
return self.data.cell_value(row,col)
#写入数据
def write_value(self,row,col,value):
'''
写入excel数据
row,col,value
'''
read_data = xlrd.open_workbook(self.file_name)
write_data = copy(read_data)
sheet_data = write_data.get_sheet(0)
sheet_data.write(row,col,value)
write_data.save(self.file_name)
#根据对应的caseid 找到对应行的内容
def get_rows_data(self,case_id):
row_num = self.get_row_num(case_id)
rows_data = self.get_row_values(row_num)
return rows_data
#根据对应的caseid找到对应的行号
def get_row_num(self,case_id):
num = 0
clols_data = self.get_cols_data()
for col_data in clols_data:
if case_id in col_data:
return num
num = num+1
#根据行号，找到该行的内容
def get_row_values(self,row):
tables = self.data
row_data = tables.row_values(row)
return row_data
#获取某一列的内容
def get_cols_data(self,col_id=None):
if col_id != None:
cols = self.data.col_values(col_id)
else:
cols = self.data.col_values(0)
return cols
if __name__ == '__main__':
opers = OperationExcel()
print opers.get_cell_value(1,2)
5.2判断字符串包含，判断字典是否相等（common_util.py）
#coding:utf-8
import json
class CommonUtil:
def is_contain(self,str_one,str_two):
'''
判断一个字符串是否再另外一个字符串中
str_one:查找的字符串
str_two：被查找的字符串
'''
flag = None
if isinstance(str_one,unicode):
str_one = str_one.encode('unicode-escape').decode('string_escape')
return cmp(str_one,str_two)
if str_one in str_two:
flag = True
else:
flag = False
return flag
def is_equal_dict(self,dict_one,dict_two):
'''
判断两个字典是否相等
'''
if isinstance(dict_one,str):
dict_one = json.loads(dict_one)
if isinstance(dict_two,str):
dict_two = json.loads(dict_two)
return cmp(dict_one,dict_two)
5.3 操作header（operation_herder.py）
# coding:utf-8
import requests
import json
from operation_json import OperetionJson
class OperationHeader:
def __init__(self ,response):
self.response = json.loads(response)
def get_response_url(self):
'''
获取登录返回的token的url
'''
url = self.response['data']['url'][0]
return url
def get_cookie(self):
'''
获取cookie的jar文件
'''
url = self.get_response_url( ) +"&callback=jQuery21008240514814031887_1508666806688&_=1508666806689"
cookie = requests.get(url).cookies
return cookie
def write_cookie(self):
cookie = requests.utils.dict_from_cookiejar(self.get_cookie())
op_json = OperetionJson()
op_json.write_data(cookie)
if __name__ == '__main__':
url = "http://www.jd.com/passport/user/login"
data = {
"username" :"18513199586",
"password" :"111111",
"verify" :"",
"referer" :"https://www.jd.com"
}
res = json.dumps(requests.post(url ,data).json())
op_header = OperationHeader(res)
op_header.write_cookie()
5.4 操作json文件（operation_json.py）
#coding:utf-8
import json
class OperetionJson:
def __init__(self,file_path=None):
if file_path == None:
self.file_path = '../dataconfig/user.json'
else:
self.file_path = file_path
self.data = self.read_data()
#读取json文件
def read_data(self):
with open(self.file_path) as fp:
data = json.load(fp)
return data
#根据关键字获取数据
def get_data(self,id):
print type(self.data)
return self.data[id]
#写json
def write_data(self,data):
with open('../dataconfig/cookie.json','w') as fp:
fp.write(json.dumps(data))
if __name__ == '__main__':
opjson = OperetionJson()
print opjson.get_data('shop')
5.5 操作数据库（connect_db.py）
#coding:utf-8
import MySQLdb.cursors
import json
class OperationMysql:
def __init__(self):
self.conn = MySQLdb.connect(
host='localhost',
port=3306,
user='root',
passwd='123456',
db='le_study',
charset='utf8',
cursorclass=MySQLdb.cursors.DictCursor
)
self.cur = self.conn.cursor()
#查询一条数据
def search_one(self,sql):
self.cur.execute(sql)
result = self.cur.fetchone()
result = json.dumps(result)
return result
if __name__ == '__main__':
op_mysql = OperationMysql()
res = op_mysql.search_one("select * from web_user where Name='ailiailan'")
print res
5.6 发送报告邮件（send_email.py）
#coding:utf-8
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
class SendEmail:
global send_user
global email_host
global password
email_host = "smtp.163.com"
send_user = "jiaxiaonan666@163.com"
password = "jia_668"
def send_mail(self,user_list,sub,content):
user = "jiaxiaonan"+"<"+send_user+">"
message = MIMEText(content,_subtype='plain',_charset='utf-8')
message['Subject'] = sub
message['From'] = user
message['To'] = ";".join(user_list)
server = smtplib.SMTP()
server.connect(email_host)
server.login(send_user,password)
server.sendmail(user,user_list,message.as_string())
server.close()
def send_main(self,pass_list,fail_list):
pass_num = float(len(pass_list))
fail_num = float(len(fail_list))
count_num = pass_num+fail_num
#90%
pass_result = "%.2f%%" %(pass_num/count_num*100)
fail_result = "%.2f%%" %(fail_num/count_num*100)
user_list = ['609037724@qq.com']
sub = "接口自动化测试报告"
content = "此次一共运行接口个数为%s个，通过个数为%s个，失败个数为%s,通过率为%s,失败率为%s" %(count_num,pass_num,fail_num,pass_result,fail_result )
self.send_mail(user_list,sub,content)
if __name__ == '__main__':
sen = SendEmail()
sen.send_main([1,2,3,4],[2,3,4,5,6,7])
六、主函数
run_test.py
#coding:utf-8
import sys
sys.path.append("C:/Users/lxz/Desktop/InterFace_JIA")
from base.runmethod import RunMethod
from operation_data.get_data import GetData
from tool.common_util import CommonUtil
from operation_data.dependent_data import DependdentData
from tool.send_email import SendEmail
from tool.operation_header import OperationHeader
from tool.operation_json import OperetionJson
class RunTest:
def __init__(self):
self.run_method = RunMethod()
self.data = GetData()
self.com_util = CommonUtil()
self.send_mai = SendEmail()
#程序执行的
def go_on_run(self):
res = None
pass_count = []
fail_count = []
#10 0,1,2,3
rows_count = self.data.get_case_lines()
for i in range(1,rows_count):
is_run = self.data.get_is_run(i)
if is_run:
url = self.data.get_request_url(i)
method = self.data.get_request_method(i)
request_data = self.data.get_data_for_json(i)
expect = self.data.get_expcet_data_for_mysql(i)
header = self.data.is_header(i)
depend_case = self.data.is_depend(i)
if depend_case != None:
self.depend_data = DependdentData(depend_case)
#获取的依赖响应数据
depend_response_data = self.depend_data.get_data_for_key(i)
#获取依赖的key
depend_key = self.data.get_depend_field(i)
request_data[depend_key] = depend_response_data
if header == 'write':
res = self.run_method.run_main(method,url,request_data)
op_header = OperationHeader(res)
op_header.write_cookie()
elif header == 'yes':
op_json = OperetionJson('../dataconfig/cookie.json')
cookie = op_json.get_data('apsid')
cookies = {
'apsid':cookie
}
res = self.run_method.run_main(method,url,request_data,cookies)
else:
res = self.run_method.run_main(method,url,request_data)
if self.com_util.is_equal_dict(expect,res) == 0:
self.data.write_result(i,'pass')
pass_count.append(i)
else:
self.data.write_result(i,res)
fail_count.append(i)
self.send_mai.send_main(pass_count,fail_count)
#将执行判断封装
#def get_cookie_run(self,header):
if __name__ == '__main__':
run = RunTest()
run.go_on_run()
总结
Python+requests+unittest+excel搭建接口自动化测试框架是一种流行的方法，可以帮助测试人员以有效和可靠的方式管理API测试用例。以下是该框架的一些主要优点和总结：
灵活和易于扩展：Python作为一种灵活的编程语言，可以轻松地扩展和定制测试框架，以满足特定项目或团队的需求。
高效和可维护：使用Python+requests+unittest+excel框架进行API测试可以大大提高测试效率，并减少手动测试所需的时间和成本。测试脚本易于维护和更新。
完整的测试覆盖：通过使用Excel表格来管理测试数据，可以确保所有测试用例都具有完整的测试覆盖，从而检测更多潜在的错误和缺陷。
生成详细的测试报告：该框架可以生成详细的HTML测试报告，包括测试结果、错误信息和性能统计数据等，以便于分析和评估接口质量。
适用于不同的测试场景：无论您是在测试Web应用程序、客户端应用程序还是其他类型的应用程序，都可以使用此框架进行API测试。它适用于各种测试场景，包括功能测试、性能测试和负载测试等。
总之，Python+requests+unittest+excel搭建接口自动化测试框架是一种功能强大且易于使用的API测试方法。通过这个框架，可以轻松管理和运行大量测试用例，并生成有用的测试报告，以便于分析和评估接口质量。
最后感谢每一个认真阅读我文章的人，礼尚往来总是要有的，虽然不是什么很值钱的东西，如果你用得到的话可以直接拿走：
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