一、设计思路
框架采用python3+yaml+po+unittest+HTMLTestRunner等技术编写的UI自动化测试框架
1.使用Page Object模式将页面定位和业务操作分开，分离测试对象（元素对象）和测试脚本（用例脚本），一个页面建一个对象类，提高用例的可维护性；
2.使用yaml管理页面空间元素和测试用例数据。例如一个页面元素发生变化时，不需要去修改代码，只需要在对应的页面元素yaml文件中修改即可。
3.以每个页面作为模块管理，随时组装，互不影响。
二、测试框架分层
1.框架层：基础组件封装，支撑整个框架的流程执行及功能扩展
2.用例层：根据用例场景构造test测试方法
3.业务层：封装页面对象类，一个页面建立一个类，业务层基础基础层page类
4.基础层：二次开发selenium的元素定位已经操作
三、编写用例方法
例如我需要新增百度搜索测试场景用例：
1.在testyaml目录下新增一个页面对象yaml文件，利用封装的yamlload方法将yaml文件中的dom元素读取出来，提供给封装页面对象类调用并定元素操作。
2.在testdata目录下新增一个yaml文件提供给用例测试数据
3.在page_obj目录编写百度搜索场景的页面对象类封装
4.在testcase目录编写测试用例文件，采用ddt数据驱动读取yaml测试数据源文件
5.通过多线程将驱动传给执行方法，并行开启多个浏览器执行测试
6.操作元素封装
7.浏览器驱动封装
from typing import Union, Type
from selenium.webdriver import *
from selenium.webdriver.opera.options import Options as OperaOptions
from selenium.webdriver.edge.options import Options as EdgeOptions
from setting import *
BROWSERS = (Chrome, Ie, Firefox, Edge, Opera, PhantomJS)
OPTIONS = (ChromeOptions, IeOptions, FirefoxOptions, EdgeOptions, OperaOptions)
class BROWSER:
CHROME_DRIVER_PATH = CHROME_DRIVER_PATH
# 使用32位ie驱动解决文本输入缓慢的问题
IE_DRIVER_PATH = IE_DRIVER_PATH
FIREFOX_DRIVER_PATH = FIREFOX_DRIVER_PATH
EDGE_DRIVER_PATH = EDGE_DRIVER_PATH
OPERA_DRIVER_PATH = OPERA_DRIVER_PATH
HEADLESS = HEADLESS
# IMPLICITLY WAITING TIME METHOD
IMPLICITLY_WAIT_TIME = 10
# PAGE SOURCE LOAD TIME METHOD
PAGE_LOAD_TIME = 10
# the script should wait during an
# execute_async_script call before throwing an error
SCRIPT_TIMEOUT = 0
# SET WINDOW SIZE METHOD
WINDOWS_SIZE = (1024, 900)
def __init__(self, browser_type: Type[Union[Chrome, Ie, Firefox, Edge, Opera, PhantomJS, Remote]] = Chrome,
option_type: Type[Union[FirefoxOptions, ChromeOptions, IeOptions, EdgeOptions, OperaOptions]] = ChromeOptions,
driver_path: str = CHROME_DRIVER_PATH):
if not issubclass(browser_type, BROWSERS):
raise TypeError
if not issubclass(option_type, OPTIONS):
raise TypeError
if not isinstance(driver_path, str):
raise TypeError
self._driver = browser_type
self._option = option_type
self._path = driver_path
@property
def browser(self):
"""
subclass should implement this method
return the instance of WebDriver
:return:
"""
return
@property
def _options(self):
"""
subclass should implement this method
return instance of the Option Type like ChromeOptions
:return:
"""
return
class CHROME(BROWSER):
METHOD_MARK = True
IMPLICITLY_WAIT_TIME = 30
PAGE_LOAD_TIME = 20
SCRIPT_TIMEOUT = 10
# HEADLESS MODEL OPTION
HEADLESS = False
OPTION_MARK = True
# EXPERIMENTAL OPTION
EXPERIMENTAL = {
# 'mobileEmulation': {'deviceName': 'iPhone 6'}, #以移动格式现实启动页面做h5时候会用到
'excludeSwitches': ['enable-automation'] #浏览器启动时左上角提示正在运行自动化
}
# WINDOW SIZE OPTION
WINDOW_SIZE = ''
# WINDOW_SIZE = '--window-size=1920,1080'
# START MAXIMIZED OPTION
START_MAXIMIZED = '--start-maximized'
@property
def _options(self):
"""
chrome浏览器特有的操作属性
:return:
"""
if self.OPTION_MARK:
chrome_option = self._option()
chrome_option.headless = self.HEADLESS
if self.WINDOW_SIZE:
chrome_option.add_argument(self.WINDOW_SIZE)
if self.START_MAXIMIZED:
# chrome_option.add_argument(self.START_MAXIMIZED)
chrome_option.add_argument('--headless')
chrome_option.add_argument('--disable-gpu')
for k, v in self.EXPERIMENTAL.items():
chrome_option.add_experimental_option(k, v)
return chrome_option
return None
@property
def browser(self):
"""
启动chrome浏览器并进行初始配置
:return:
"""
if self._options:
chrome = self._driver(self._path, options=self._options)
else:
chrome = self._driver(self._path)
if self.METHOD_MARK:
chrome.implicitly_wait(self.IMPLICITLY_WAIT_TIME)
chrome.set_page_load_timeout(self.PAGE_LOAD_TIME)
chrome.set_script_timeout(self.SCRIPT_TIMEOUT)
return chrome
class IE(BROWSER):
IMPLICITLY_WAIT_TIME = 20
PAGE_LOAD_TIME = 10
SCRIPT_TIMEOUT = 10
WINDOWS_SIZE = (1600, 1024)
CLEAN_SESSION = True
ATTACH_TIMEOUT = 10000
MARK = True
def __init__(self):
super(IE, self).__init__(
browser_type=Ie,
option_type=IeOptions,
driver_path=super().IE_DRIVER_PATH
)
@property
def _options(self):
"""
ie浏览器特有的操作属性
:return:
"""
ie_option = self._option()
ie_option.browser_attach_timeout = self.ATTACH_TIMEOUT
ie_option.ensure_clean_session = self.CLEAN_SESSION
return ie_option
@property
def browser(self):
"""
启动ie浏览器并进行初始配置
:return:
"""
if self.MARK:
ie = self._driver(self._path, options=self._options)
else:
ie = self._driver(self._path)
ie.implicitly_wait(self.IMPLICITLY_WAIT_TIME)
ie.set_page_load_timeout(self.PAGE_LOAD_TIME)
ie.set_script_timeout(self.SCRIPT_TIMEOUT)
ie.set_window_size(*self.WINDOWS_SIZE)
return ie
class FIREFOX(BROWSER):
def __init__(self):
super(FIREFOX, self).__init__(
browser_type=Firefox,
option_type=FirefoxOptions,
driver_path=super().FIREFOX_DRIVER_PATH
)
@property
def _options(self):
return
def browser(self):
return self._driver(self._path)
class OPERA(BROWSER):
def __init__(self):
super(OPERA, self).__init__(
browser_type=Opera,
option_type=OperaOptions,
driver_path=super().OPERA_DRIVER_PATH
)
@property
def _options(self):
return
def browser(self):
return self._driver(self._path) 作为一个软件测试的过来人，我想尽自己最大的努力，帮助每一个伙伴都能顺利找到工作。所以我整理了下面这份资源，现在免费分享给大家，有需要的小伙伴可以关注【公众号：程序员二黑】自提！