目录
传统方法的痛点
- 用户提交数据没有校验。
- 页面上，每一个字段都需我们重写一遍。
- 关联的数据，手动去获取并展示循环展示再页面。
基于以上的痛点，我们在使用Django开发的时候就可以引用ModelForm组件，他是Django中特有的，并在传统的开发的步骤的基础上，优化了以上总结的痛点。
ModelForm组件
前提（models.py）
from django.db import models
class BMB(models.Model):
""" 部门表 """
title = models.CharField(verbose_name='部门', max_length=32)
def __str__(self):
return self.title
class YGB(models.Model):
""" 员工表 """
name = models.CharField(verbose_name="姓名", max_length=16)
password = models.CharField(verbose_name="密码", max_length=64)
age = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="年龄")
account = models.DecimalField(verbose_name="账户余额", max_digits=10, decimal_places=2, default=0)
create_time = models.DateField(verbose_name="入职时间")
depart = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name="部门",to="BMB", to_field="id", on_delete=models.CASCADE)
models.ForeignKey(to="BMB",to_fields="id",null=True,blank=True,on_delete=models.SET_NULL)
gender_choices = (
(1, "男"),
(2, "女")
)
gender = models.SmallIntegerField(verbose_name="性别", choices=gender_choices)信息校验
views.py
from django import forms
class UserModelForm(forms.ModelForm):
name = forms.CharField(min_length=3, label="用户名")
class Meta:
model = models.YGB
fields = ['name', 'password', 'age', 'account', 'create_time', 'gender', 'depart']
def user_model_form_add(request):
"""添加用户（ModelForm组件版本"""
if request.method == "GET":
form = UserModelForm()
return render(request, 'user_model_form_add.html', {'form': form})
# 用户post提交数据，数据校验
form = UserModelForm(data=request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
# 如果数据合法保存到数据库
form.save()
return redirect('/user/list/')
else:
return render(request, 'user_model_form_add.html', {"form": form})user_model_form_add.html
{% extends 'layout.html' %}
{% block content %}
<form method="post" novalidate>
{% csrf_token %}
{% for obj in form %}
<div style="display: flex;flex-direction: column;width: 500px">
{{ obj.label }}:{{ obj }}
</div>
<span style="color: red">{{ obj.errors.0 }}</span>
{% endfor %}
<button type="submit">立即创建</button>
</form>
{% endblock %}
将自动校验设为中文
setting.py
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-hans'
添加信息页面校验信息提示
前端复写
views.py
from django import forms
class UserModelForm(forms.ModelForm):
name = forms.CharField(min_length=3, label="用户名")
class Meta:
model = models.YGB
fields = ['name', 'password', 'age', 'account', 'create_time', 'gender', 'depart']
def user_model_form_add(request):
"""添加用户（ModelForm组件版本"""
if request.method == "GET":
form = UserModelForm()
return render(request, 'user_model_form_add.html', {'form': form})
# 用户post提交数据，数据校验
form = UserModelForm(data=request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
# 如果数据合法保存到数据库
form.save()
return redirect('/user/list/')
else:
return render(request, 'user_model_form_add.html', {"form": form})user_model_form_add.html
{% extends 'layout.html' %}
{% block content %}
<form method="post" novalidate>
{% csrf_token %}
{% for obj in form %}
<div style="display: flex;flex-direction: column;width: 500px">
{{ obj.label }}:{{ obj }}
</div>
<span style="color: red">{{ obj.errors.0 }}</span>
{% endfor %}
<button type="submit">立即创建</button>
</form>
{% endblock %}
关联数据（编辑页面为例）
from django import forms
class UserModelForm(forms.ModelForm):
name = forms.CharField(min_length=3, label="用户名")
class Meta:
model = models.YGB
fields = ['name', 'password', 'age', 'account', 'create_time', 'gender', 'depart']
def user_edit(request, nid):
"""编辑用户"""
row_obj = models.YGB.objects.filter(id=nid).first()
if request.method == 'GET':
form = UserModelForm(instance=row_obj)
return render(request, 'user_edit.html', {'form': form})
form = UserModelForm(data=request.POST, instance=row_obj)
if form.is_valid():
# 如果数据合法保存到数据,如果想要保存不需要用户输入的默认值
# form.instance.<字段名> = 值
form.save()
return redirect('/user/list/')
else:
return render(request, 'user_edit.html', {"form": form})user_edit.html
{% extends 'layout.html' %}
{% block content %}
<form method="post" novalidate>
{% csrf_token %}
{% for obj in form %}
{{ obj.label }}:{{ obj }}
<span style="color: red">{{ obj.errors.0 }}</span>
{% endfor %}
<button type="submit">修改信息</button>
</form>
{% endblock %}