这里写目录标题
一、序言
在上一节 RabbitMQ中的核心概念和交换机类型 中我们介绍了RabbitMQ中的一些核心概念，尤其是各种交换机的类型，接下来我们将具体讲解各种交换机的配置和消息订阅实操。
二、配置文件application.yml
我们先上应用启动配置文件application.yml，如下：
server:
port: 8080
spring:
rabbitmq:
addresses: localhost:5672
username: admin
password: admin
virtual-host: /
listener:
type: simple
simple:
acknowledge-mode: auto
concurrency: 5
max-concurrency: 20
prefetch: 5
三、RabbitMQ交换机和队列配置
Spring官方提供了一套 流式API 来定义队列、交换机和绑定关系，非常的方便，接下来我们定义4种类型的交换机和相应队列的绑定关系。
1、定义4个队列
/**
* 定义4个队列
*/
@Configuration
protected static class QueueConfig {
@Bean
public Queue queue1() {
return QueueBuilder.durable("queue-1").build();
}
@Bean
public Queue queue2() {
return QueueBuilder.durable("queue-2").build();
}
@Bean
public Queue queue3() {
return QueueBuilder.durable("queue-3").build();
}
@Bean
public Queue queue4() {
return QueueBuilder.durable("queue-4").build();
}
}
2、定义Fanout交换机和队列绑定关系
/**
* 定义Fanout交换机和对应的绑定关系
*/
@Configuration
protected static class FanoutExchangeBindingConfig {
@Bean
public FanoutExchange fanoutExchange() {
return ExchangeBuilder.fanoutExchange("fanout-exchange").build();
}
/**
* 定义多个Fanout交换机和队列的绑定关系
* @param fanoutExchange
* @param queue1
* @param queue2
* @param queue3
* @param queue4
* @return
*/
@Bean
public Declarables bindQueueToFanoutExchange(FanoutExchange fanoutExchange, Queue queue1, Queue queue2, Queue queue3, Queue queue4) {
Binding queue1Binding = BindingBuilder.bind(queue1).to(fanoutExchange);
Binding queue2Binding = BindingBuilder.bind(queue2).to(fanoutExchange);
Binding queue3Binding = BindingBuilder.bind(queue3).to(fanoutExchange);
Binding queue4Binding = BindingBuilder.bind(queue4).to(fanoutExchange);
return new Declarables(queue1Binding, queue2Binding, queue3Binding, queue4Binding);
}
}
2、定义Direct交换机和队列绑定关系
@Configuration
protected static class DirectExchangeBindingConfig {
@Bean
public DirectExchange directExchange() {
return ExchangeBuilder.directExchange("direct-exchange").build();
}
@Bean
public Binding bindingQueue3ToDirectExchange(DirectExchange directExchange, Queue queue3) {
return BindingBuilder.bind(queue3).to(directExchange).with("queue3-route-key");
}
}
3、定义Topic交换机和队列绑定关系
@Configuration
protected static class TopicExchangeBindingConfig {
@Bean
public TopicExchange topicExchange() {
return ExchangeBuilder.topicExchange("topic-exchange").build();
}
@Bean
public Declarables bindQueueToTopicExchange(TopicExchange topicExchange, Queue queue1, Queue queue2) {
Binding queue1Binding = BindingBuilder.bind(queue1).to(topicExchange).with("com.order.*");
Binding queue2Binding = BindingBuilder.bind(queue2).to(topicExchange).with("com.#");
return new Declarables(queue1Binding, queue2Binding);
}
}
这里我们定义了名为topic-exchange类型的交换机，该类型交换机支持路由key通配符匹配，*代表一个任意字符，#代表一个或多个任意字符。
4、定义Header交换机和队列绑定关系
@Configuration
protected static class HeaderExchangeBinding {
@Bean
public HeadersExchange headersExchange() {
return ExchangeBuilder.headersExchange("headers-exchange").build();
}
@Bean
public Binding bindQueueToHeadersExchange(HeadersExchange headersExchange, Queue queue4) {
return BindingBuilder.bind(queue4).to(headersExchange).where("function").matches("logging");
}
}
四、RabbitMQ消费者配置
Spring RabbitMQ中支持注解式监听端点配置，用于异步接收消息，如下：
@Slf4j
@Component
public class RabbitMqConsumer {
@RabbitListener(queues = "queue-1")
public void handleMsgFromQueue1(String msg) {
log.info("Message received from queue-1, message body: {}", msg);
}
@RabbitListener(queues = "queue-2")
public void handleMsgFromQueue2(String msg) {
log.info("Message received from queue-2, message body: {}", msg);
}
@RabbitListener(queues = "queue-3")
public void handleMsgFromQueue3(String msg) {
log.info("Message received from queue-3, message body: {}", msg);
}
@RabbitListener(queues = "queue-4")
public void handleMsgFromQueue4(String msg) {
log.info("Message received from queue-4, message body: {}", msg);
}
}
五、RabbitMQ生产者
@Slf4j
@Component
@RequiredArgsConstructor
public class RabbitMqProducer {
private final RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
public void sendMsgToFanoutExchange(String body) {
log.info("开始发送消息到fanout-exchange, 消息体:{}", body);
Message message = MessageBuilder.withBody(body.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)).build();
rabbitTemplate.send("fanout-exchange", StringUtils.EMPTY, message);
}
public void sendMsgToDirectExchange(String body) {
log.info("开始发送消息到direct-exchange, 消息体:{}", body);
Message message = MessageBuilder.withBody(body.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)).build();
rabbitTemplate.send("direct-exchange", "queue3-route-key", message);
}
public void sendMsgToTopicExchange(String routingKey, String body) {
log.info("开始发送消息到topic-exchange, 消息体:{}", body);
Message message = MessageBuilder.withBody(body.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)).build();
rabbitTemplate.send("topic-exchange", routingKey, message);
}
public void sendMsgToHeadersExchange(String body) {
log.info("开始发送消息到headers-exchange, 消息体:{}", body);
MessageProperties messageProperties = MessagePropertiesBuilder.newInstance().setHeader("function", "logging").build();
Message message = MessageBuilder.withBody(body.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)).andProperties(messageProperties).build();
rabbitTemplate.send("headers-exchange", StringUtils.EMPTY, message);
}
}
六、测试用例
这里写了个简单的Controller用来测试，如下：
@RestController
@RequiredArgsConstructor
public class RabbitMsgController {
private final RabbitMqProducer rabbitMqProducer;
@RequestMapping("/exchange/fanout")
public ResponseEntity<String> sendMsgToFanoutExchange(String body) {
rabbitMqProducer.sendMsgToFanoutExchange(body);
return ResponseEntity.ok("广播消息发送成功");
}
@RequestMapping("/exchange/direct")
public ResponseEntity<String> sendMsgToDirectExchange(String body) {
rabbitMqProducer.sendMsgToDirectExchange(body);
return ResponseEntity.ok("消息发送到Direct交换成功");
}
@RequestMapping("/exchange/topic")
public ResponseEntity<String> sendMsgToTopicExchange(String routingKey, String body) {
rabbitMqProducer.sendMsgToTopicExchange(routingKey, body);
return ResponseEntity.ok("消息发送到Topic交换机成功");
}
@RequestMapping("/exchange/headers")
public ResponseEntity<String> sendMsgToHeadersExchange(String body) {
rabbitMqProducer.sendMsgToHeadersExchange(body);
return ResponseEntity.ok("消息发送到Headers交换机成功");
}
}
1、发送到FanoutExchage
直接访问http://localhost:8080/exchange/fanout?body=hello，可以看到该消息广播到了4个队列上。
2023-11-07 17:41:12.959 INFO 39460 --- [nio-8080-exec-9] c.u.r.i.producer.RabbitMqProducer : 开始发送消息到fanout-exchange, 消息体:hello
2023-11-07 17:41:12.972 INFO 39460 --- [ntContainer#1-5] c.u.r.i.consumer.RabbitMqConsumer : Message received from queue-1, message body: hello
2023-11-07 17:41:12.972 INFO 39460 --- [ntContainer#0-4] c.u.r.i.consumer.RabbitMqConsumer : Message received from queue-4, message body: hello
2023-11-07 17:41:12.972 INFO 39460 --- [ntContainer#3-3] c.u.r.i.consumer.RabbitMqConsumer : Message received from queue-3, message body: hello
2023-11-07 17:41:12.972 INFO 39460 --- [ntContainer#2-4] c.u.r.i.consumer.RabbitMqConsumer : Message received from queue-2, message body: hello
2、发送到DirectExchage
访问http://localhost:8080/exchange/direct?body=hello，可以看到消息通过路由keyqueue3-route-key发送到了queue-3上。
2023-11-07 17:43:26.804 INFO 39460 --- [nio-8080-exec-1] c.u.r.i.producer.RabbitMqProducer : 开始发送消息到direct-exchange, 消息体:hello
2023-11-07 17:43:26.822 INFO 39460 --- [ntContainer#3-5] c.u.r.i.consumer.RabbitMqConsumer : Message received from queue-3, message body: hello
3、发送到TopicExchange
访问http://localhost:8080/exchange/topic?body=hello&routingKey=com.order.create，路由key为 com.order.create的消息分别发送到了queue-1和queue-2上。
2023-11-07 17:44:45.301 INFO 39460 --- [nio-8080-exec-4] c.u.r.i.producer.RabbitMqProducer : 开始发送消息到topic-exchange, 消息体:hello
2023-11-07 17:44:45.312 INFO 39460 --- [ntContainer#1-3] c.u.r.i.consumer.RabbitMqConsumer : Message received from queue-1, message body: hello
2023-11-07 17:44:45.312 INFO 39460 --- [ntContainer#2-3] c.u.r.i.consumer.RabbitMqConsumer : Message received from queue-2, message body: hello
4、发动到HeadersExchage
访问http://localhost:8080/exchange/headers?body=hello，消息通过头部信息function=logging发送到了headers-exchange上。
2023-11-07 17:47:21.736 INFO 39460 --- [nio-8080-exec-9] c.u.r.i.producer.RabbitMqProducer : 开始发送消息到headers-exchange, 消息体:hello
2023-11-07 17:47:21.749 INFO 39460 --- [ntContainer#0-3] c.u.r.i.consumer.RabbitMqConsumer : Message received from queue-4, message body: hello
七、结语
下一节我们将会介绍通过两种方式借由RabbitMQ实现延迟消息发送和订阅，敬请期待。