『App自动化测试之Appium应用篇』| Appium常用API及操作
1 press_keycode
1.1 键盘操作
press_keycode是Appium的键盘相关函数；- 可以实现键盘的相关操作，比如返回、按键、音量调节等等；
- 函数使用方法为：
driver.press_keycode(KeyCode)
1.2 关于KeyCode
- 以上
press_keycode方法中传入参数KeyCode，而KeyCode是对应的键值码； - 其可以传入对应的键值名，也可以传入具体键值名的值（对应数字）。
1.3 press_keycode源码
def press_keycode(self, keycode: int, metastate: Optional[int] = None, flags: Optional[int] = None) -> 'WebDriver':
"""Sends a keycode to the device.
Android only. Possible keycodes can be found
in http://developer.android.com/reference/android/view/KeyEvent.html.
Args:
keycode: the keycode to be sent to the device
metastate: meta information about the keycode being sent
flags: the set of key event flags
Returns:
Union['WebDriver', 'Keyboard']: Self instance
"""
ext_name = 'mobile: pressKey'
args = {'keycode': keycode}
if metastate is not None:
args['metastate'] = metastate
if flags is not None:
args['flags'] = flags
try:
self.assert_extension_exists(ext_name).execute_script(ext_name, args)
except UnknownMethodException:
# TODO: Remove the fallback
self.mark_extension_absence(ext_name).execute(Command.PRESS_KEYCODE, args)
return cast('WebDriver', self)
- 从源码中可以看出，想要找到对应的键值名可以直接去官网查看。
1.4 电话键相关
1.5 控制键相关
1.6 基本按键相关
- 以下为部分（非全部，仅参考）基本按键相关键值名：
- 其中按键0-9键值为7-16，比如：
1.7 组合键相关
1.8 符号键相关
1.9 使用举例
driver.press_keycode(4) # 返回键
driver.press_keycode(84) # 搜索键
driver.keyevent(66) # 回车键
driver.keyevent(67) # 退格键
2 swip方法
2.1 swip说明
swip()方法是从一个坐标位置滑动到另一个坐标位置；- 也就是说两点之间的滑动。
2.2 swip使用方法
def swipe(self, start_x: int, start_y: int, end_x: int, end_y: int, duration: int = 0) -> 'WebDriver':
"""Swipe from one point to another point, for an optional duration.
Args:
start_x: x-coordinate at which to start
start_y: y-coordinate at which to start
end_x: x-coordinate at which to stop
end_y: y-coordinate at which to stop
duration: defines the swipe speed as time taken to swipe from point a to point b, in ms.
Usage:
driver.swipe(100, 100, 100, 400)
Returns:
Union['WebDriver', 'ActionHelpers']: Self instance
"""
touch_input = PointerInput(interaction.POINTER_TOUCH, "touch")
actions = ActionChains(self)
actions.w3c_actions = ActionBuilder(self, mouse=touch_input)
actions.w3c_actions.pointer_action.move_to_location(start_x, start_y)
actions.w3c_actions.pointer_action.pointer_down()
if duration > 0:
actions.w3c_actions = ActionBuilder(self, mouse=touch_input, duration=duration)
actions.w3c_actions.pointer_action.move_to_location(end_x, end_y)
actions.w3c_actions.pointer_action.release()
actions.perform()
return cast('WebDriver', self)
- 从以上看需要至少四个参数
swipe(self, start_x: int, start_y: int, end_x: int, end_y: int);
2.3 使用示例
- 比如坐标从（100,200）滑动到（300,400）：
driver.swipe(100, 200, 300, 400)
- 再比如从（400,500）滑动到（600,700）持续3秒：
driver.swipe(400, 500, 600, 700, 3000)
3 scroll方法
scroll()方法是从一个元素滑动到另一个元素，直到页面自动停止；- 使用方法为：
def scroll(self, origin_el: WebElement, destination_el: WebElement, duration: Optional[int] = None) -> 'WebDriver':
"""Scrolls from one element to another
Args:
origin_el: the element from which to begin scrolling (center of element)
destination_el: the element to scroll to (center of element)
duration: defines speed of scroll action when moving from originalEl to destinationEl.
Default is 600 ms for W3C spec.
Usage:
driver.scroll(el1, el2)
user_name = driver.find_element(AppiumBy.XPATH, "//*[@text='用户名']")
user_passwd = driver.find_element(AppiumBy.XPATH, "//*[@text='密码']")
driver.scroll(user_name, user_passwd)
4 drag_and_drop方法
drag_and_drop()方法从一个元素滑动到另一个元素，第二个元素代替第一个元素原本屏幕上的位置；- 使用方法为：
def drag_and_drop(self, origin_el: WebElement, destination_el: WebElement) -> 'WebDriver':
"""Drag the origin element to the destination element
Args:
origin_el: the element to drag
destination_el: the element to drag to
Returns:
Union['WebDriver', 'ActionHelpers']: Self instance
"""
user_name = driver.find_element(AppiumBy.XPATH, "//*[@text='用户名']")
user_passwd = driver.find_element(AppiumBy.XPATH, "//*[@text='密码']")
driver.drag_and_drop(user_name, user_passwd)
5 TouchAction方法
TouchAction可实现手势的操作，比如滑动、拖动、长按等操作；- 使用方法是先需要导入
TouchAction：
from appium.webdriver.common.touch_action import TouchAction
5.1 tap方法
tap()方法模拟手指对某个元素或坐标按下并快速抬起；- 使用方法为：
def tap(
self,
element: Optional['WebElement'] = None,
x: Optional[int] = None,
y: Optional[int] = None,
count: int = 1,
) -> 'TouchAction':
"""Perform a tap action on the element
Args:
element: the element to tap
x : x coordinate to tap, relative to the top left corner of the element.
y : y coordinate. If y is used, x must also be set, and vice versa
TouchAction(driver).tap(user_name).perform()
5.2 press方法
def press(
self,
el: Optional['WebElement'] = None,
x: Optional[int] = None,
y: Optional[int] = None,
pressure: Optional[float] = None,
) -> 'TouchAction':
"""Begin a chain with a press down action at a particular element or point
Args:
el: the element to press
x: x coordiate to press. If y is used, x must also be set
y: y coordiate to press. If x is used, y must also be set
TouchAction(driver).press(x=100, y=200).perform()
5.3 release方法
def release(self) -> 'TouchAction':
"""End the action by lifting the pointer off the screen
Returns:
`TouchAction`: Self instance
"""
self._add_action('release', {})
return self
TouchAction(driver).press(x=100, y=200).release().perform()
5.4 wait方法
def wait(self, ms: int = 0) -> 'TouchAction':
"""Pause for `ms` milliseconds.
Args:
ms: The time to pause
Returns:
`TouchAction`: Self instance
"""
TouchAction(driver).press(x=100, y=200).wait(3000).release().perform()
5.5 move_to方法
def move_to(
self, el: Optional['WebElement'] = None, x: Optional[int] = None, y: Optional[int] = None
) -> 'TouchAction':
"""Move the pointer from the previous point to the element or point specified
Args:
el: the element to be moved to
x: x coordiate to be moved to. If y is used, x must also be set
y: y coordiate to be moved to. If x is used, y must also be set
Returns:
`TouchAction`: Self instance
"""
TouchAction(driver).press(x=400, y=500).move_to(500, 600).perform()