How to install mongodb 7.0 to Ubuntu 22.04
1、安装
1.1、添加gpg
curl -fsSL https://pgp.mongodb.com/server-7.0.asc | sudo gpg -o /usr/share/keyrings/mongodb-server-7.0.gpg --dearmor
1.2、添加apt源
echo "deb [ arch=amd64 signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/mongodb-server-7.0.gpg ] https://repo.mongodb.org/apt/ubuntu jammy/mongodb-org/7.0 multiverse" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mongodb-org-7.0.list
1.3、更新
apt update
1.4、安装
apt install -y mongodb-org
2、管理
2.1、服务管理
2.1.1、查看服务状态
安装完成以后，服务是否启动，我们是不知道的，这个时候怎么查看呢，一般来说，mongodb安装完成以后，都会安装成系统服务。通常来说，对于系统服务，我们可以借助以下命令来查看服务是否启动。
systemctl status mongod.service
这里，我们来检测一下：
lwk@qwfys:~$ sudo systemctl status mongod.service
○ mongod.service - MongoDB Database Server
Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/mongod.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: inactive (dead)
Docs: https://docs.mongodb.org/manual
Oct 21 00:16:33 qwfys systemd[1]: Stopping MongoDB Database Server...
Oct 21 00:16:33 qwfys systemd[1]: mongod.service: Deactivated successfully.
Oct 21 00:16:33 qwfys systemd[1]: Stopped MongoDB Database Server.
Oct 21 00:16:33 qwfys systemd[1]: mongod.service: Consumed 4.804s CPU time.
Oct 21 00:16:33 qwfys systemd[1]: Started MongoDB Database Server.
Oct 21 00:16:33 qwfys mongod[6093]: {"t":{"$date":"2023-10-20T16:16:33.931Z"},"s":"I", "c":"CONTROL", "id":7484500, "ctx":"main","msg":"Environment variable MONGODB_CONFIG_OVERRIDE_NOFORK>
Oct 21 10:39:19 qwfys systemd[1]: Stopping MongoDB Database Server...
Oct 21 10:39:21 qwfys systemd[1]: mongod.service: Deactivated successfully.
Oct 21 10:39:21 qwfys systemd[1]: Stopped MongoDB Database Server.
Oct 21 10:39:21 qwfys systemd[1]: mongod.service: Consumed 37.350s CPU time.
lwk@qwfys:~$
这里，我们看到服务没有启动。
2.1.2、启动服务
我们启动一下。
lwk@qwfys:~$ sudo systemctl start mongod.service
lwk@qwfys:~$ sudo systemctl status mongod.service
● mongod.service - MongoDB Database Server
Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/mongod.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since Sat 2023-10-21 10:44:56 CST; 8s ago
Docs: https://docs.mongodb.org/manual
Main PID: 8924 (mongod)
Memory: 169.4M
CPU: 762ms
CGroup: /system.slice/mongod.service
└─8924 /usr/bin/mongod --config /etc/mongod.conf
Oct 21 10:44:56 qwfys systemd[1]: Started MongoDB Database Server.
Oct 21 10:44:57 qwfys mongod[8924]: {"t":{"$date":"2023-10-21T02:44:57.041Z"},"s":"I", "c":"CONTROL", "id":7484500, "ctx":"main","msg":"Environment variable MONGODB_CONFIG_OVERRIDE_NOFORK>
lwk@qwfys:~$
这里，我们看到，服务已经启动起来了。
2.1.3、 设置服务为开机启动
通常情况下，对于服务器程序，我可以将其调协为开机启动。
lwk@qwfys:~$ sudo systemctl enable mongod.service
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mongod.service → /lib/systemd/system/mongod.service.
lwk@qwfys:~$
2.1.4、取消服务开机启动
有的时候，我们又不需要让服务开机启动，这个要求是合理的，具体如下：
lwk@qwfys:~$ sudo systemctl disable mongod.service
Removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mongod.service.
lwk@qwfys:~$
2.1.5、关闭服务
如果希望关闭服务，可以执行以下命令：
lwk@qwfys:~$ sudo systemctl stop mongod.service
lwk@qwfys:~$ sudo systemctl status mongod.service
○ mongod.service - MongoDB Database Server
Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/mongod.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: inactive (dead)
Docs: https://docs.mongodb.org/manual
Oct 21 10:39:19 qwfys systemd[1]: Stopping MongoDB Database Server...
Oct 21 10:39:21 qwfys systemd[1]: mongod.service: Deactivated successfully.
Oct 21 10:39:21 qwfys systemd[1]: Stopped MongoDB Database Server.
Oct 21 10:39:21 qwfys systemd[1]: mongod.service: Consumed 37.350s CPU time.
Oct 21 10:44:56 qwfys systemd[1]: Started MongoDB Database Server.
Oct 21 10:44:57 qwfys mongod[8924]: {"t":{"$date":"2023-10-21T02:44:57.041Z"},"s":"I", "c":"CONTROL", "id":7484500, "ctx":"main","msg":"Environment variable MONGODB_CONFIG_OVERRIDE_NOFORK>
Oct 21 10:53:39 qwfys systemd[1]: Stopping MongoDB Database Server...
Oct 21 10:53:39 qwfys systemd[1]: mongod.service: Deactivated successfully.
Oct 21 10:53:39 qwfys systemd[1]: Stopped MongoDB Database Server.
Oct 21 10:53:39 qwfys systemd[1]: mongod.service: Consumed 4.566s CPU time.
lwk@qwfys:~$
2.1.6、服务重启
如果需要重启服务，可以用以下命令：
lwk@qwfys:~$ sudo systemctl status mongod.service
● mongod.service - MongoDB Database Server
Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/mongod.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since Sat 2023-10-21 10:56:42 CST; 8s ago
Docs: https://docs.mongodb.org/manual
Main PID: 9271 (mongod)
Memory: 169.5M
CPU: 787ms
CGroup: /system.slice/mongod.service
└─9271 /usr/bin/mongod --config /etc/mongod.conf
Oct 21 10:56:42 qwfys systemd[1]: Started MongoDB Database Server.
Oct 21 10:56:42 qwfys mongod[9271]: {"t":{"$date":"2023-10-21T02:56:42.485Z"},"s":"I", "c":"CONTROL", "id":7484500, "ctx":"main","msg":"Environment variable MONGODB_CONFIG_OVERRIDE_NOFORK>
lwk@qwfys:~$ sudo systemctl restart mongod.service
lwk@qwfys:~$ sudo systemctl status mongod.service
● mongod.service - MongoDB Database Server
Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/mongod.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since Sat 2023-10-21 10:57:21 CST; 2s ago
Docs: https://docs.mongodb.org/manual
Main PID: 9326 (mongod)
Memory: 169.3M
CPU: 717ms
CGroup: /system.slice/mongod.service
└─9326 /usr/bin/mongod --config /etc/mongod.conf
Oct 21 10:57:21 qwfys systemd[1]: Started MongoDB Database Server.
Oct 21 10:57:21 qwfys mongod[9326]: {"t":{"$date":"2023-10-21T02:57:21.090Z"},"s":"I", "c":"CONTROL", "id":7484500, "ctx":"main","msg":"Environment variable MONGODB_CONFIG_OVERRIDE_NOFORK>
lwk@qwfys:~$
2.2、mongosh
这里，我们借助mongosh命令来完成mongodb的相关管理工作。
2.2.1、进入mongosh
lwk@qwfys:~$ mongosh
Current Mongosh Log ID: 653297d8d2647c0396c5de9d
Connecting to: mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017/?directConnection=true&serverSelectionTimeoutMS=2000&appName=mongosh+2.0.2
Using MongoDB: 7.0.2
Using Mongosh: 2.0.2
For mongosh info see: https://docs.mongodb.com/mongodb-shell/
To help improve our products, anonymous usage data is collected and sent to MongoDB periodically (https://www.mongodb.com/legal/privacy-policy).
You can opt-out by running the disableTelemetry() command.
------
The server generated these startup warnings when booting
2023-10-20T22:09:01.515+08:00: Using the XFS filesystem is strongly recommended with the WiredTiger storage engine. See http://dochub.mongodb.org/core/prodnotes-filesystem
2023-10-20T22:09:02.223+08:00: Access control is not enabled for the database. Read and write access to data and configuration is unrestricted
2023-10-20T22:09:02.224+08:00: vm.max_map_count is too low
------
test> show dbs
admin 40.00 KiB
config 60.00 KiB
local 72.00 KiB
test>
这里，我们可以看到，系统安装成功以后，会自带三个库，分别是test、admin、local。
2.2.2、创建数据库
在mongosh中，如果要我们借助命令use可以完成数据库的创建与切换。下面，我们创建一个名称为emei的库。
test> use emei
switched to db emei
emei>
2.2.3、数据库用户
2.2.3.1、查看数据库用户
可以借助如下命令查看当前数据库有哪些用户。
emei> db.getUsers();
{ users: [], ok: 1 }
emei>
这里，我们看到，没有一个用户。
2.2.3.2、创建数据库用户
接下来，我们创建两个用户，其中一个用户名为admin，密码为Gah6kuP7ohfio4，另一个用户，用户名为admix，密码为Gah6kuP7ohfio4，并为它赋于读写权限。
emei> db.createUser(
... {
... user: "admin",
... pwd: "Gah6kuP7ohfio4",
... roles: [ { role: "readWrite", db: "emei" } ]
... }
... )
{ ok: 1 }
emei> db.createUser(
... {
... user: "admix",
... pwd: "Gah6kuP7ohfio4",
... roles: [ { role: "readWrite", db: "emei" } ]
... }
... )
{ ok: 1 }
emei> db.getUsers();
{
users: [
{
_id: 'emei.admin',
userId: new UUID("fedb3cb0-7850-4904-ba7a-5e182cd1e9c9"),
user: 'admin',
db: 'emei',
roles: [ { role: 'readWrite', db: 'emei' } ],
mechanisms: [ 'SCRAM-SHA-1', 'SCRAM-SHA-256' ]
},
{
_id: 'emei.admix',
userId: new UUID("910386e6-81e2-4c5b-8eb0-6b273e5319a8"),
user: 'admix',
db: 'emei',
roles: [ { role: 'readWrite', db: 'emei' } ],
mechanisms: [ 'SCRAM-SHA-1', 'SCRAM-SHA-256' ]
}
],
ok: 1
}
emei>
我们看到，用户已经创建成功。
2.2.3.3、删除数据库用户
这里，我们删除用户名为admix的用户。
emei> db.dropUser("admix", {w: "majority", wtimeout: 4000});
{ ok: 1 }
emei> db.getUsers();
{
users: [
{
_id: 'emei.admin',
userId: new UUID("fedb3cb0-7850-4904-ba7a-5e182cd1e9c9"),
user: 'admin',
db: 'emei',
roles: [ { role: 'readWrite', db: 'emei' } ],
mechanisms: [ 'SCRAM-SHA-1', 'SCRAM-SHA-256' ]
}
],
ok: 1
}
emei>
2.2.3.4、创建数据库管理员用户
emei> use admin
switched to db admin
admin> db.createUser(
... {
... user: "admin",
... pwd: passwordPrompt(),
... roles: [ { role: "userAdminAnyDatabase", db: "admin" }, "readWriteAnyDatabase" ]
... }
... )
Enter password
Gah6kuP7ohfio4
**************{ ok: 1 }
admin> exit
lwk@qwfys:~$
我们可以看到，管理员用户已经创建完成。
2.2.4、用管理账号管理mongodb
2.2.4.1、添加配置项
为了使用账号登录到mongodb数据库，这个时候，我们需要在mongodb数据库配置文件中添加启用权限配置项：
sudo tee -a /etc/mongod.conf <<-'EOF'
security:
authorization: enabled
EOF
添加完成以后，要使配置生效，我们还需要重启mongodb服务。
2.2.4.2、基于账号连接
当然我们需要基于账号连接到mongodb数据库服务端的时候，需要采用如下的方式：
lwk@qwfys:~$ mongosh --username=admin --password=Gah6kuP7ohfio4
Current Mongosh Log ID: 6532a6ae0cdd8066876fefa0
Connecting to: mongodb://<credentials>@127.0.0.1:27017/?directConnection=true&serverSelectionTimeoutMS=2000&appName=mongosh+2.0.2
Using MongoDB: 7.0.2
Using Mongosh: 2.0.2
For mongosh info see: https://docs.mongodb.com/mongodb-shell/
test> show dbs;
admin 180.00 KiB
config 72.00 KiB
local 72.00 KiB
test>
这里，我们看到，服务已经连接成功，而且可以正常使用了。