1 Java 比较器

我们知道基本数据类型的数据(除boolean类型外)需要比较大小的话,直接使用比较运算符即可,但是引用数据类型是不能直接使用比较运算符来比较大小的。那么,如何解决这个问题呢?
Java基础(十二)Java比较器-LMLPHP

  • 在Java中经常会涉及到对象数组的排序问题,那么就涉及到对象之间的比较问题。

  • Java实现对象排序的方式有两种:

    • 自然排序:java.lang.Comparable
    • 定制排序:java.util.Comparator

1.1 自然排序:java.lang.Comparable

  • Comparable接口强行对实现它的每个类的对象进行整体排序。这种排序被称为类的自然排序。
  • 实现 Comparable 的类必须实现 compareTo(Object obj) 方法,两个对象即通过 compareTo(Object obj) 方法的返回值来比较大小。如果当前对象this大于形参对象obj,则返回正整数,如果当前对象this小于形参对象obj,则返回负整数,如果当前对象this等于形参对象obj,则返回零。
package java.lang;

public interface Comparable{
    int compareTo(Object obj);
}
  • 实现Comparable接口的对象列表(和数组)可以通过 Collections.sort 或 Arrays.sort进行自动排序。实现此接口的对象可以用作有序映射中的键或有序集合中的元素,无需指定比较器。

  • 对于类 C 的每一个 e1 和 e2 来说,当且仅当 e1.compareTo(e2) == 0 与 e1.equals(e2) 具有相同的 boolean 值时,类 C 的自然排序才叫做与 equals 一致。建议(虽然不是必需的)最好使自然排序与 equals 一致

  • Comparable 的典型实现:(默认都是从小到大排列的)

    • String:按照字符串中字符的Unicode值进行比较
    • Character:按照字符的Unicode值来进行比较
    • 数值类型对应的包装类以及BigInteger、BigDecimal:按照它们对应的数值大小进行比较
    • Boolean:true 对应的包装类实例大于 false 对应的包装类实例
    • Date、Time等:后面的日期时间比前面的日期时间大
  • 代码示例:


public class Student implements Comparable {
    private int id;
    private String name;
    private int score;
    private int age;

    public Student(int id, String name, int score, int age) {
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
        this.score = score;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getScore() {
        return score;
    }

    public void setScore(int score) {
        this.score = score;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", score=" + score +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }

    @Override
    public int compareTo(Object o) {
        //这些需要强制,将o对象向下转型为Student类型的变量,才能调用Student类中的属性
        //默认按照学号比较大小
        Student stu = (Student) o;
        return this.id - stu.id;
    }
}

测试类


public class TestStudent {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Student[] arr = new Student[5];
        arr[0] = new Student(3,"张三",90,23);
        arr[1] = new Student(1,"熊大",100,22);
        arr[2] = new Student(5,"王五",75,25);
        arr[3] = new Student(4,"李四",85,24);
        arr[4] = new Student(2,"熊二",85,18);

        //单独比较两个对象
        System.out.println(arr[0].compareTo(arr[1]));
        System.out.println(arr[1].compareTo(arr[2]));
        System.out.println(arr[2].compareTo(arr[2]));

        System.out.println("所有学生:");
        for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
            System.out.println(arr[i]);
        }
        System.out.println("按照学号排序:");
        for (int i = 1; i < arr.length; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < arr.length-i; j++) {
                if(arr[j].compareTo(arr[j+1])>0){
                    Student temp = arr[j];
                    arr[j] = arr[j+1];
                    arr[j+1] = temp;
                }
            }
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
            System.out.println(arr[i]);
        }
    }
}

再举例:

public class Student implements Comparable {
    private String name;
    private int score;

    public Student(String name, int score) {
        this.name = name;
        this.score = score;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getScore() {
        return score;
    }

    public void setScore(int score) {
        this.score = score;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", score=" + score +
                '}';
    }

    @Override
    public int compareTo(Object o) {
        return this.score - ((Student)o).score;
    }
}

测试:

@Test
public void test02() {
	Student[] students = new Student[3];
	students[0] = new Student("张三", 96);
	students[1] = new Student("李四", 85);
	students[2] = new Student("王五", 98);

	System.out.println(Arrays.toString(students));
	Arrays.sort(students);
	System.out.println(Arrays.toString(students));
}

再举例:

class Goods implements Comparable {
    private String name;
    private double price;

    //按照价格,比较商品的大小
    @Override
    public int compareTo(Object o) {
        if(o instanceof Goods) {
            Goods other = (Goods) o;
            if (this.price > other.price) {
                return 1;
            } else if (this.price < other.price) {
                return -1;
            }
            return 0;
        }
        throw new RuntimeException("输入的数据类型不一致");
    }
    //构造器、getter、setter、toString()方法略
}


测试:

public class ComparableTest{
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Goods[] all = new Goods[4];
        all[0] = new Goods("《红楼梦》", 100);
        all[1] = new Goods("《西游记》", 80);
        all[2] = new Goods("《三国演义》", 140);
        all[3] = new Goods("《水浒传》", 120);

        Arrays.sort(all);

        System.out.println(Arrays.toString(all));

    }

}

1.2 定制排序:java.util.Comparator

  • 思考
    • 当元素的类型没有实现java.lang.Comparable接口而又不方便修改代码(例如:一些第三方的类,你只有.class文件,没有源文件)
    • 如果一个类,实现了Comparable接口,也指定了两个对象的比较大小的规则,但是此时此刻我不想按照它预定义的方法比较大小,但是我又不能随意修改,因为会影响其他地方的使用,怎么办?
  • JDK在设计类库之初,也考虑到这种情况,所以又增加了一个java.util.Comparator接口。强行对多个对象进行整体排序的比较。
    • 重写compare(Object o1,Object o2)方法,比较o1和o2的大小:如果方法返回正整数,则表示o1大于o2;如果返回0,表示相等;返回负整数,表示o1小于o2。
    • 可以将 Comparator 传递给 sort 方法(如 Collections.sort 或 Arrays.sort),从而允许在排序顺序上实现精确控制。
package java.util;

public interface Comparator{
    int compare(Object o1,Object o2);
}

举例:


import java.util.Comparator;
//定义定制比较器类
public class StudentScoreComparator implements Comparator { 
    @Override
    public int compare(Object o1, Object o2) {
        Student s1 = (Student) o1;
        Student s2 = (Student) o2;
        int result = s1.getScore() - s2.getScore();
        return result != 0 ? result : s1.getId() - s2.getId();
    }
}

测试类


public class TestStudent {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Student[] arr = new Student[5];
        arr[0] = new Student(3, "张三", 90, 23);
        arr[1] = new Student(1, "熊大", 100, 22);
        arr[2] = new Student(5, "王五", 75, 25);
        arr[3] = new Student(4, "李四", 85, 24);
        arr[4] = new Student(2, "熊二", 85, 18);


        System.out.println("所有学生:");
        for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
            System.out.println(arr[i]);
        }

        System.out.println("按照成绩排序");
        StudentScoreComparator sc = new StudentScoreComparator();
        for (int i = 1; i < arr.length; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < arr.length - i; j++) {
                if (sc.compare(arr[j], arr[j + 1]) > 0) {
                    Student temp = arr[j];
                    arr[j] = arr[j + 1];
                    arr[j + 1] = temp;
                }
            }
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
            System.out.println(arr[i]);
        }
    }
}

再举例:

@Test
public void test01() {
    Student[] students = new Student[5];
    students[0] = new Student(3, "张三", 90, 23);
    students[1] = new Student(1, "熊大", 100, 22);
    students[2] = new Student(5, "王五", 75, 25);
    students[3] = new Student(4, "李四", 85, 24);
    students[4] = new Student(2, "熊二", 85, 18);

    System.out.println(Arrays.toString(students));
    //定制排序
    StudentScoreComparator sc = new StudentScoreComparator();
    Arrays.sort(students, sc);
    System.out.println("排序之后:");
    System.out.println(Arrays.toString(students));
}

再举例:

Goods[] all = new Goods[4];
all[0] = new Goods("War and Peace", 100);
all[1] = new Goods("Childhood", 80);
all[2] = new Goods("Scarlet and Black", 140);
all[3] = new Goods("Notre Dame de Paris", 120);

Arrays.sort(all, new Comparator() {

    @Override
    public int compare(Object o1, Object o2) {
        Goods g1 = (Goods) o1;
        Goods g2 = (Goods) o2;

        return g1.getName().compareTo(g2.getName());
    }
});

System.out.println(Arrays.toString(all));

04-25 12:25