前言
上传大文件时，原始HTTP文件上传功能可能会影响使用体验，此时使用分片上传功能可以有效避免原始上传的弊端。由于分片上传不是HTTP标准的一部分，所以只能自行开发相互配合的服务端和客户端。文件分片上传在许多情况时都拥有很多好处，除非已知需要上传的文件一定非常小。分片上传可以对上传的文件进行快速分片校验，避免大文件上传时长时间等待校验，当然完整校验可以在秒传时使用，有这种需求的情况就只能老实等待校验了。
Blazr WASM提供了在 .NET环境中使用浏览器功能的能力，充分利用C#和 .NET能够大幅简化分片上传功能的开发。本次示例使用HTTP标准上传作为分片上传的底层基础，并提供分片校验功能保障上传数据的完整性。
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正文
本示例的Blazor代码位于默认ASP.NET Core托管的Blazor WASM应用模板的Index页面。
在Shared项目添加公共数据模型
/// <summary>
/// 文件分片上传输入模型
/// </summary>
public class FileChunkUploadInput
{
/// <summary>
/// 上传任务代码
/// </summary>
public string? UploadTaskCode { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// 上传请求类型
/// </summary>
public string UploadType { get; set; } = null!;
/// <summary>
/// 文件名
/// </summary>
public string FileName { get; set; } = null!;
/// <summary>
/// 文件大小
/// </summary>
public long? FileSize { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// 支持的Hash算法，优选算法请靠前
/// </summary>
public List<string>? AllowedHashAlgorithm { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// 使用的Hash算法
/// </summary>
public string? HashAlgorithm { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// Hash值
/// </summary>
public string? HashValue { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// 文件分片数量
/// </summary>
public int FileChunkCount { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// 文件片段大小
/// </summary>
public int? FileChunkSize { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// 文件片段偏移量（相对于整个文件）
/// </summary>
public long? FileChunkOffset { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// 文件片段索引
/// </summary>
public int? FileChunkIndex { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// 取消上传的原因
/// </summary>
public string? CancelReason { get; set; }
}
/// <summary>
/// 文件分片上传开始结果
/// </summary>
public class FileChunkUploadStartReault
{
/// <summary>
/// 上传任务代码
/// </summary>
public string UploadTaskCode { get; set; } = null!;
/// <summary>
/// 选中的Hash算法
/// </summary>
public string SelectedHashAlgorithm { get; set; } = null!;
}
/// <summary>
/// Hash助手
/// </summary>
public static class HashHelper
{
/// <summary>
/// 把Hash的字节数组转换为16进制字符串表示
/// </summary>
/// <param name="bytes">原始Hash值</param>
/// <returns>Hash值的16进制文本表示（大写）</returns>
public static string ToHexString(this byte[] bytes)
{
StringBuilder sb = new(bytes.Length * 2);
foreach (var @byte in bytes)
{
sb.Append(@byte.ToString("X2"));
}
return sb.ToString();
}
}
服务端控制器
[ApiController]
[Route("[controller]")]
public class UploadController : ControllerBase
{
/// <summary>
/// 支持的Hash算法，优选算法请靠前
/// </summary>
private static string[] supportedHashAlgorithm = new[] { "MD5", "SHA1", "SHA256" };
/// <summary>
/// 文件写入锁的线程安全字典，每个上传任务对应一把锁
/// </summary>
private static readonly ConcurrentDictionary<string, AsyncLock> fileWriteLockerDict = new();
private readonly ILogger<UploadController> _logger;
private readonly IWebHostEnvironment _env;
public UploadController(ILogger<UploadController> logger, IWebHostEnvironment env)
{
_logger = logger;
_env = env;
}
/// <summary>
/// 分片上传动作
/// </summary>
/// <param name="input">上传表单</param>
/// <param name="fileChunkData">文件片段数据</param>
/// <param name="requestAborted">请求取消令牌</param>
/// <returns>片段上传结果</returns>
[HttpPost, RequestSizeLimit(1024 * 1024 * 11)]
[ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status200OK)]
[ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status400BadRequest)]
[ProducesDefaultResponseType]
public async Task<IActionResult> Upload(
[FromForm]FileChunkUploadInput input,
[FromForm]IFormFile? fileChunkData,
CancellationToken requestAborted)
{
switch (input.UploadType)
{
// 请求开始一个新的上传任务，协商上传参数
case "startUpload":
{
//var trustedFileNameForDisplay =
// WebUtility.HtmlEncode(fileChunkData?.FileName ?? input.FileName);
// 选择双方都支持的优选Hash算法
var selectedHashAlgorithm = supportedHashAlgorithm
.Intersect(input.AllowedHashAlgorithm ?? Enumerable.Empty<string>())
.FirstOrDefault();
// 验证必要的表单数据
if (selectedHashAlgorithm is null or "")
{
ModelState.AddModelError<FileChunkUploadInput>(x => x.AllowedHashAlgorithm, "can not select hash algorithm");
}
if (input.FileSize is null)
{
ModelState.AddModelError<FileChunkUploadInput>(x => x.FileSize, "must have value for start、upload and complete");
}
if (ModelState.ErrorCount > 0)
{
return ValidationProblem(ModelState);
}
// 使用随机文件名提高安全性，并把文件名作为任务代码使用
var trustedFileNameForFileStorage = Path.GetRandomFileName();
var savePath = Path.Combine(
_env.ContentRootPath,
_env.EnvironmentName,
"unsafe_uploads",
trustedFileNameForFileStorage);
var savePathWithFile = Path.Combine(
savePath,
$"{input.FileName}.tmp");
if (!Directory.Exists(savePath))
{
Directory.CreateDirectory(savePath);
}
// 根据表单创建对应大小的文件
await using (var fs = new FileStream(savePathWithFile, FileMode.Create))
{
fs.SetLength(input.FileSize!.Value);
await fs.FlushAsync();
}
// 设置锁
fileWriteLockerDict.TryAdd(trustedFileNameForFileStorage, new());
// 返回协商结果
return Ok(new FileChunkUploadStartReault
{
UploadTaskCode = trustedFileNameForFileStorage,
SelectedHashAlgorithm = selectedHashAlgorithm!
});
}
// 上传文件片段
case "uploadChunk":
// 验证表单
if (!fileWriteLockerDict.TryGetValue(input.UploadTaskCode!, out var _))
{
ModelState.AddModelError<FileChunkUploadInput>(x => x.UploadTaskCode, $"file upload task with code {input.UploadTaskCode} is not exists");
return ValidationProblem(ModelState);
}
// 使用内存池缓冲数据，注意使用using释放内存
using (var pooledMemory = MemoryPool<byte>.Shared.Rent((int)fileChunkData!.Length))
{
// 使用切片语法获取精准大小的内存缓冲区装载上传的数据
var buffer = pooledMemory.Memory[..(int)fileChunkData!.Length];
var readBytes = await fileChunkData.OpenReadStream().ReadAsync(buffer, requestAborted);
var readBuffer = buffer[..readBytes];
Debug.Assert(readBytes == fileChunkData!.Length);
// 校验Hash
var hash = input.HashAlgorithm switch
{
"SHA1" => SHA1.HashData(readBuffer.Span),
"SHA256" => SHA256.HashData(readBuffer.Span),
"MD5" => MD5.HashData(readBuffer.Span),
_ => Array.Empty<byte>()
};
if (hash.ToHexString() != input.HashValue)
{
ModelState.AddModelError<FileChunkUploadInput>(x => x.HashValue, "hash does not match");
return ValidationProblem(ModelState);
}
var savePath = Path.Combine(
_env.ContentRootPath,
_env.EnvironmentName,
"unsafe_uploads",
input.UploadTaskCode!);
var savePathWithFile = Path.Combine(
savePath,
$"{input.FileName}.tmp");
// 使用锁写入数据，文件流不支持写共享，必须串行化
if(fileWriteLockerDict.TryGetValue(input.UploadTaskCode!, out var locker))
{
using (await locker.LockAsync())
{
await using (var fs = new FileStream(savePathWithFile, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Write))
{
// 定位文件流
fs.Seek(input.FileChunkOffset!.Value, SeekOrigin.Begin);
await fs.WriteAsync(readBuffer, requestAborted);
await fs.FlushAsync();
}
}
}
}
return Ok();
// 取消上传
case "cancelUpload":
// 验证表单
if (!fileWriteLockerDict.TryGetValue(input.UploadTaskCode!, out var _))
{
ModelState.AddModelError<FileChunkUploadInput>(x => x.UploadTaskCode, $"file upload task with code {input.UploadTaskCode} is not exists");
return ValidationProblem(ModelState);
}
{
var deletePath = Path.Combine(
_env.ContentRootPath,
_env.EnvironmentName,
"unsafe_uploads",
input.UploadTaskCode!);
// 删除文件，清除锁
if (fileWriteLockerDict.TryGetValue(input.UploadTaskCode!, out var locker))
{
using (await locker.LockAsync())
{
if (Directory.Exists(deletePath))
{
var dir = new DirectoryInfo(deletePath);
dir.Delete(true);
}
fileWriteLockerDict.TryRemove(input.UploadTaskCode!, out _);
}
}
}
return Ok();
// 完成上传
case "completeUpload":
// 验证表单
if (!fileWriteLockerDict.TryGetValue(input.UploadTaskCode!, out var _))
{
ModelState.AddModelError<FileChunkUploadInput>(x => x.UploadTaskCode, $"file upload task with code {input.UploadTaskCode} is not exists");
return ValidationProblem(ModelState);
}
{
var savePath = Path.Combine(
_env.ContentRootPath,
_env.EnvironmentName,
"unsafe_uploads",
input.UploadTaskCode!);
// 去除文件的临时扩展名，清除锁
var savePathWithFile = Path.Combine(savePath, $"{input.FileName}.tmp");
var fi = new FileInfo(savePathWithFile);
fi.MoveTo(Path.Combine(savePath, input.FileName));
fileWriteLockerDict.TryRemove(input.UploadTaskCode!, out _);
}
return Ok();
default:
return BadRequest();
}
}
}
服务端使用三段式上传模式，开始上传，上传数据，完成（取消）上传。开始上传负责协商Hash算法和分配任务代码；上传数据负责具体的传输，并通过表单提供附加信息方便服务端操作。完成上传负责善后和资源清理。其中文件写入的异步锁使用Nito.AsyncEx代替不支持在异步中使用的lock语句。
页面代码（Index.razor）,在结尾追加
<p>支持随时取消的多文件并行分片上传，示例同时上传2个文件，每个文件同时上传2个分片，合计同时上传4个分片</p>
<InputFile OnChange="UploadFile" multiple></InputFile>
<button @onclick="async (MouseEventArgs e) => uploadCancelSource?.Cancel()">取消上传</button>
@code{
[Inject] private HttpClient _http { get; init; } = null!;
[Inject] private ILogger<Index> _logger { get; init; } = null!;
private CancellationTokenSource? uploadCancelSource;
/// <summary>
/// 上传文件
/// </summary>
/// <param name="args">上传文件的事件参数</param>
/// <returns></returns>
private async Task UploadFile(InputFileChangeEventArgs args)
{
// 设置文件并发选项
var parallelCts = new CancellationTokenSource();
uploadCancelSource = parallelCts;
var parallelOption = new ParallelOptions
{
MaxDegreeOfParallelism = 2,
CancellationToken = parallelCts.Token
};
// 并发上传所有文件
await Parallel.ForEachAsync(
args.GetMultipleFiles(int.MaxValue),
parallelOption,
async (file, cancellation) =>
{
// 这里的取消令牌是并发方法创建的，和并发选项里的令牌不是一个
if (cancellation.IsCancellationRequested)
{
parallelCts.Cancel();
return;
}
// 使用链接令牌确保外部取消能传递到内部
var chunkUploadResult = await UploadChunkedFile(
file,
CancellationTokenSource.CreateLinkedTokenSource(
parallelCts.Token,
cancellation
).Token
);
// 如果上传不成功则取消后续上传
if (chunkUploadResult != FileUploadResult.Success)
{
parallelCts.Cancel();
return;
}
}
);
}
/// <summary>
/// 分片上传文件
/// </summary>
/// <param name="file">要上传的文件</param>
/// <param name="cancellation">取消令牌</param>
/// <returns>上传结果</returns>
private async Task<FileUploadResult> UploadChunkedFile(IBrowserFile file, CancellationToken cancellation = default)
{
if (cancellation.IsCancellationRequested) return FileUploadResult.Canceled;
_logger.LogInformation("开始上传文件：{0}", file.Name);
// 计算分片大小，文件小于10MB分片1MB，大于100MB分片10MB，在其间则使用不超过10片时的所需大小
var coefficient = file.Size switch
{
<= 1024 * 1024 * 10 => 1,
> 1024 * 1024 * 10 and <= 1024 * 1024 *100 => (int)Math.Ceiling(file.Size / (1024.0 * 1024) / 10),
_ => 10
};
// 初始化分片参数，准备字符串格式的数据供表单使用
var bufferSize = 1024 * 1024 * coefficient; // MB
var stringBufferSize = bufferSize.ToString();
var chunkCount = (int)Math.Ceiling(file.Size / (double)bufferSize);
var stringChunkCount = chunkCount.ToString();
var stringFileSize = file.Size.ToString();
// 发起分片上传，协商Hash算法，获取任务代码
var uploadStartContent = new List<KeyValuePair<string, string>>
{
new("uploadType", "startUpload"),
new("fileName", file.Name),
new("fileSize", stringFileSize),
new("allowedHashAlgorithm", "SHA1"),
new("allowedHashAlgorithm", "SHA256"),
new("fileChunkCount", stringChunkCount),
new("fileChunkSize", stringBufferSize),
};
var uploadStartForm = new FormUrlEncodedContent(uploadStartContent);
HttpResponseMessage? uploadStartResponse = null;
try
{
uploadStartResponse = await _http.PostAsync("/upload", uploadStartForm, cancellation);
}
catch(TaskCanceledException e)
{
_logger.LogWarning(e, "外部取消上传，已停止文件：{0} 的上传", file.Name);
return FileUploadResult.Canceled;
}
catch(Exception e)
{
_logger.LogError(e, "文件：{0} 的上传参数协商失败", file.Name);
return FileUploadResult.Fail;
}
// 如果服务器响应失败，结束上传
if (uploadStartResponse?.IsSuccessStatusCode is null or false)
{
_logger.LogError("文件：{0} 的上传参数协商失败", file.Name);
return FileUploadResult.Fail;
}
// 解析协商的参数
var uploadStartReault = await uploadStartResponse.Content.ReadFromJsonAsync<FileChunkUploadStartReault>();
var uploadTaskCode = uploadStartReault!.UploadTaskCode;
var selectedHashAlgorithm = uploadStartReault!.SelectedHashAlgorithm;
_logger.LogInformation("文件：{0} 的上传参数协商成功", file.Name);
// 设置分片并发选项
var parallelOption = new ParallelOptions
{
MaxDegreeOfParallelism = 2,
};
var fileUploadCancelSource = new CancellationTokenSource();
var sliceEnumeratorCancelSource = CancellationTokenSource
.CreateLinkedTokenSource(
cancellation,
fileUploadCancelSource.Token
);
// 各个分片的上传结果
var sliceUploadResults = new FileUploadResult?[chunkCount];
// 并发上传各个分片，并发循环本身不能用并发选项的取消令牌取消，可能会导致内存泄漏，应该通过切片循环的取消使并发循环因没有可用元素自然结束
await Parallel.ForEachAsync(
SliceFileAsync(
file,
bufferSize,
sliceEnumeratorCancelSource.Token
),
parallelOption,
async (fileSlice, sliceUploadCancel) =>
{
// 解构参数
var (memory, sliceIndex, readBytes, fileOffset) = fileSlice;
// 使用using确保结束后把租用的内存归还给内存池
using (memory)
{
var stringSliceIndex = sliceIndex.ToString();
// 主动取消上传，发送取消请求，通知服务端清理资源
if (sliceUploadCancel.IsCancellationRequested)
{
_logger.LogWarning("外部取消上传，已停止文件：{0} 的上传", file.Name);
fileUploadCancelSource.Cancel();
sliceUploadResults[sliceIndex] = FileUploadResult.Canceled;
var uploadCancelContent = new Dictionary<string, string>()
{
{"uploadType", "cancelUpload"},
{"uploadTaskCode", uploadTaskCode!},
{"fileName", file.Name},
{"hashAlgorithm", selectedHashAlgorithm},
{"fileChunkCount", stringChunkCount},
{"fileChunkIndex", stringSliceIndex},
{"cancelReason", "调用方要求取消上传。"},
};
var uploadCancelForm = new FormUrlEncodedContent(uploadCancelContent);
var uploadCancelResponse = await _http.PostAsync("/upload", uploadCancelForm);
return;
}
// 当前上传分片索引应当小于预计的分片数
Debug.Assert(sliceIndex < chunkCount);
// 获取准确大小的缓冲区，从内存池租用时得到的容量可能大于申请的大小，使用C#的新集合切片语法
var readBuffer = memory.Memory[..readBytes];
var sw = Stopwatch.StartNew();
// 根据协商的算法计算Hash，wasm环境不支持MD5和全部非对称加密算法
var hash = selectedHashAlgorithm switch
{
"SHA1" => SHA1.HashData(readBuffer.Span),
"SHA256" => SHA256.HashData(readBuffer.Span),
_ => Array.Empty<byte>()
};
sw.Stop();
_logger.LogInformation("文件：{0} 的片段 {1}({2} Bytes) 计算Hash用时 {3}", file.Name, sliceIndex, readBytes, sw.Elapsed);
var stringReadBytes = readBytes.ToString();
var stringFileOffset = fileOffset.ToString();
// 上传当前分片
MultipartFormDataContent uploadFileForm = new();
uploadFileForm.Add(new StringContent(uploadTaskCode!), "uploadTaskCode");
uploadFileForm.Add(new StringContent("uploadChunk"), "uploadType");
uploadFileForm.Add(new StringContent(file.Name), "fileName");
uploadFileForm.Add(new StringContent(stringFileSize), "fileSize");
uploadFileForm.Add(new StringContent(selectedHashAlgorithm!), "hashAlgorithm");
uploadFileForm.Add(new StringContent(hash.ToHexString()), "hashValue");
uploadFileForm.Add(new StringContent(stringChunkCount), "fileChunkCount");
uploadFileForm.Add(new StringContent(stringReadBytes), "fileChunkSize");
uploadFileForm.Add(new StringContent(stringFileOffset), "fileChunkOffset");
uploadFileForm.Add(new StringContent(stringSliceIndex), "fileChunkIndex");
// 如果是未知的文件类型，设置为普通二进制流的MIME类型
var fileChunk = new ReadOnlyMemoryContent(readBuffer);
fileChunk.Headers.ContentType = new MediaTypeHeaderValue(string.IsNullOrEmpty(file.ContentType) ? "application/octet-stream" : file.ContentType);
uploadFileForm.Add(fileChunk, "fileChunkData", file.Name);
HttpResponseMessage? uploadResponse = null;
try
{
var uploadTaskCancel = CancellationTokenSource
.CreateLinkedTokenSource(
sliceUploadCancel,
sliceEnumeratorCancelSource.Token
);
_logger.LogInformation("文件：{0} 的片段 {1}({2} Bytes) 开始上传", file.Name, sliceIndex, readBytes);
sw.Restart();
uploadResponse = await _http.PostAsync("/upload", uploadFileForm, uploadTaskCancel.Token);
}
catch (TaskCanceledException e)
{
_logger.LogWarning(e, "外部取消上传，已停止文件：{0} 的上传", file.Name);
fileUploadCancelSource.Cancel();
sliceUploadResults[sliceIndex] = FileUploadResult.Canceled;
var uploadCancelContent = new Dictionary<string, string>()
{
{"uploadType", "cancelUpload"},
{"uploadTaskCode", uploadTaskCode!},
{"fileName", file.Name},
{"hashAlgorithm", selectedHashAlgorithm},
{"fileChunkCount", stringChunkCount},
{"fileChunkIndex", stringSliceIndex},
{"cancelReason", "调用方要求取消上传。"},
};
var uploadCancelForm = new FormUrlEncodedContent(uploadCancelContent);
var uploadCancelResponse = await _http.PostAsync("/upload", uploadCancelForm);
return;
}
catch (Exception e)
{
_logger.LogError(e, "上传发生错误，已停止文件：{0} 的上传", file.Name);
fileUploadCancelSource.Cancel();
sliceUploadResults[sliceIndex] = FileUploadResult.Fail;
var uploadCancelContent = new Dictionary<string, string>()
{
{"uploadType", "cancelUpload"},
{"uploadTaskCode", uploadTaskCode!},
{"fileName", file.Name},
{"hashAlgorithm", selectedHashAlgorithm},
{"fileChunkCount", stringChunkCount},
{"fileChunkSize", stringReadBytes},
{"fileChunkOffset", stringFileOffset},
{"fileChunkIndex", stringSliceIndex},
{"cancelReason", "上传过程中发生错误。"},
};
var uploadCancelForm = new FormUrlEncodedContent(uploadCancelContent);
var uploadCancelResponse = await _http.PostAsync("/upload", uploadCancelForm);
return;
}
finally
{
sw.Stop();
}
// 上传发生错误，发送取消请求，通知服务端清理资源
if (uploadResponse?.IsSuccessStatusCode is null or false)
{
_logger.LogError("上传发生错误，已停止文件：{0} 的上传", file.Name);
fileUploadCancelSource.Cancel();
sliceUploadResults[sliceIndex] = FileUploadResult.Fail;
var uploadCancelContent = new Dictionary<string, string>()
{
{"uploadType", "cancelUpload"},
{"uploadTaskCode", uploadTaskCode!},
{"fileName", file.Name},
{"hashAlgorithm", selectedHashAlgorithm},
{"fileChunkCount", stringChunkCount},
{"fileChunkSize", stringReadBytes},
{"fileChunkOffset", stringFileOffset},
{"fileChunkIndex", stringSliceIndex},
{"cancelReason", "上传过程中发生错误。"},
};
var uploadCancelForm = new FormUrlEncodedContent(uploadCancelContent);
var uploadCancelResponse = await _http.PostAsync("/upload", uploadCancelForm);
return;
}
_logger.LogInformation("文件：{0} 的片段 {1}({2} Bytes) 上传成功，用时 {3}", file.Name, sliceIndex, readBytes, sw.Elapsed);
sliceUploadResults[sliceIndex] = FileUploadResult.Success;
}
}
);
// 如果所有分片都上传成功，则发送完成请求完成上传
if (sliceUploadResults.All(success => success is FileUploadResult.Success))
{
var uploadCompleteContent = new Dictionary<string, string>()
{
{"uploadType", "completeUpload"},
{"uploadTaskCode", uploadTaskCode!},
{"fileName", file.Name},
{"fileSize", stringFileSize},
{"hashAlgorithm", selectedHashAlgorithm},
{"fileChunkCount", stringChunkCount},
{"fileChunkSize", stringBufferSize},
};
var uploadCompleteForm = new FormUrlEncodedContent(uploadCompleteContent);
var uploadCompleteResponse = await _http.PostAsync("/upload", uploadCompleteForm);
if (uploadCompleteResponse.IsSuccessStatusCode)
{
_logger.LogInformation("文件：{0} 上传成功，共 {1} 个片段", file.Name, chunkCount);
return FileUploadResult.Success;
}
else
{
_logger.LogError("上传发生错误，已停止文件：{0} 的上传", file.Name);
var uploadCancelContent = new Dictionary<string, string>()
{
{"uploadType", "cancelUpload"},
{"uploadTaskCode", uploadTaskCode!},
{"fileName", file.Name},
{"hashAlgorithm", selectedHashAlgorithm},
{"fileChunkCount", stringChunkCount},
{"cancelReason", "上传过程中发生错误。"},
};
var uploadCancelForm = new FormUrlEncodedContent(uploadCancelContent);
var uploadCancelResponse = await _http.PostAsync("/upload", uploadCancelForm);
return FileUploadResult.Fail;
}
}
else if (sliceUploadResults.Any(success => success is FileUploadResult.Fail))
{
return FileUploadResult.Fail;
}
else
{
return FileUploadResult.Canceled;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 异步切分要上传的文件
/// <br/>如果想中途结束切分，不要在调用此方法的foreach块中使用break，请使用取消令牌，否则会出现内存泄漏
/// </summary>
/// <param name="file">要分片的文件</param>
/// <param name="sliceSize">分片大小</param>
/// <param name="cancellation">取消令牌</param>
/// <returns>已切分的文件片段数据，用完切记释放其中的内存缓冲</returns>
private static async IAsyncEnumerable<(IMemoryOwner<byte> memory, int sliceIndex, int readBytes, long fileOffset)> SliceFileAsync(
IBrowserFile file,
int sliceSize,
[EnumeratorCancellation] CancellationToken cancellation = default)
{
if (cancellation.IsCancellationRequested) yield break;
int fileSliceIndex;
long fileOffset;
IMemoryOwner<byte> memory;
await using var fileStream = file.OpenReadStream(long.MaxValue);
for (fileSliceIndex = 0, fileOffset = 0, memory = MemoryPool<byte>.Shared.Rent(sliceSize);
(await fileStream.ReadAsync(memory.Memory[..sliceSize], cancellation)) is int readBytes and > 0;
fileSliceIndex++, fileOffset += readBytes, memory = MemoryPool<byte>.Shared.Rent(sliceSize)
)
{
if(cancellation.IsCancellationRequested)
{
// 如果取消切分，缓冲不会返回到外部，只能在内部释放
memory.Dispose();
yield break;
}
yield return (memory, fileSliceIndex, readBytes, fileOffset);
}
// 切分结束后会多出一个没用的缓冲，只能在内部释放
memory.Dispose();
}
/// <summary>
/// 上传结果
/// </summary>
public enum FileUploadResult
{
/// <summary>
/// 失败
/// </summary>
Fail = -2,
/// <summary>
/// 取消
/// </summary>
Canceled = -1,
/// <summary>
/// 没有结果，未知结果
/// </summary>
None = 0,
/// <summary>
/// 成功
/// </summary>
Success = 1
}
}
示例使用Parallel.ForEachAsync方法并行启动多个文件和每个文件的多个片段的上传，并发量由方法的参数控制。UploadChunkedFile方法负责单个文件的上传，其中的IBrowserFile类型是.NET 6新增的文件选择框选中项的包装，可以使用其中的OpenReadStream方法流式读取文件数据，确保大文件上传不会在内存中缓冲所有数据导致内存占用问题。
UploadChunkedFile方法内部使用自适应分片大小算法，规则为片段最小1MB，最大10MB，尽可能平均分为10份。得出片段大小后向服务端请求开始上传文件，服务端成功返回后开始文件切分、校验和上传。
SliceFileAsync负责切分文件并流式返回每个片段，切分方法是惰性的，所以不用担心占用大量内存，但是这个方法只能使用取消令牌中断切分，如果在调用该方法的await foreach块中使用break中断会产生内存泄漏。切分完成后会返回包含片段数据的内存缓冲和其他附加信息。OpenReadStream需要使用参数控制允许读取的最大字节数（默认512KB），因为这里是分片上传，直接设置为long.MaxValue即可。for循环头使用逗号表达式定义多个循环操作，使循环体的代码清晰简洁。
UploadChunkedFile方法使用Parallel.ForEachAsync并行启动多个片段的校验和上传，WASM中不支持MD5和所有非对称加密算法，需要注意。完成文件的并行上传或发生错误后会检查所有片段的上传情况，如果所有片段都上传成功，就发送完成上传请求通知服务端收尾善后，否则删除临时文件。
结语
这应该是一个比较清晰易懂的分片上传示例。示例使用Blazor 和C#以非常流畅的异步代码实现了并发分片上传。但是本示例依然有许多可优化的点，例如实现断点续传，服务端如果没有收到结束请求时的兜底处理等，这些就留给朋友们思考了。
又是很久没有写文章了，一直没有找到什么好选题，难得找到一个，经过将近1周的研究开发终于搞定了。
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