zip函数接受任意多个可迭代对象作为参数,将对象中对应的元素打包成一个tuple
,然后返回一个可迭代的zip对象.
这个可迭代对象可以使用循环的方式列出其元素
若多个可迭代对象的长度不一致,则所返回的列表与长度最短的可迭代对象相同.
用法1:用两个列表生成一个zip对象
例1
a1=[1,2,3]
a2=[4,5,6]
a3=[7,8,9]
a4=["a","b","c","d"]
zip1=zip(a1,a2,a3)
print(zip1)
#输出:<zip object at 0x7f5a22651c08>
for i in zip1:
... print(i)
#输出:
(1, 4, 7)
(2, 5, 8)
(3, 6, 9)
例2
zip2=zip(a1,a2,a4)
print(zip2)
#输出:<zip object at 0x7f5a22651d48>
for j in zip2:
... print(j)
#输出:
(1, 4, 'a')
(2, 5, 'b')
(3, 6, 'c')
例3
zip3=zip(a4)
print(zip3)
#输出:<zip object at 0x7f5a22651d08>
for i in zip3:
... print(i)
#输出
('a',)
('b',)
('c',)
('d',)
例4
zip4=zip(*a4 *3)
print(zip4)
#输出:<zip object at 0x7f5a22651f08>
for j in zip4:
... print(j)
#输出:('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd')
用法2:二维矩阵变换(矩阵的行列互换)
l1=[[1,2,3],[4,5,6],[7,8,9]]
print([[j[i] for j in l1] for i in range(len(l1[0])) ])
[[1, 4, 7], [2, 5, 8], [3, 6, 9]]
zip(*l1)
<zip object at 0x7f5a22651f88>
for i in zip(*l1):
... print(i)
...
(1, 4, 7)
(2, 5, 8)
(3, 6, 9)