本篇博客的内容为RabbitMQ在开发过程中的快速上手使用,侧重于代码部分,几乎没有相关概念的介绍,相关概念请参考以下csdn博客,两篇都是我找的精华帖,供大家学习。本篇博客也持续更新~~~

参考文档

csdn博客:

基础部分:https://blog.csdn.net/qq_35387940/article/details/100514134

高级部分:https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_49076273/article/details/124991012

application.yml

server:

port: 8021

spring:

#给项目来个名字

application:

name: rabbitmq-provider

#配置rabbitMq 服务器

rabbitmq:

host: 127.0.0.1

port: 5672

username: root

password: root

#虚拟host 可以不设置,使用server默认host

virtual-host: JCcccHost

#确认消息已发送到交换机(Exchange)

#publisher-confirms: true

publisher-confirm-type: correlated

#确认消息已发送到队列(Queue)

publisher-returns: true

完善更多信息

spring:

rabbitmq:

host: localhost

port: 5672

virtual-host: /

username: guest

password: guest

publisher-confirm-type: correlated

publisher-returns: true

template:

mandatory: true

retry:

#发布重试,默认false

enabled: true

#重试时间 默认1000ms

initial-interval: 1000

#重试最大次数 最大3

max-attempts: 3

#重试最大间隔时间

max-interval: 10000

#重试的时间隔乘数,比如配2,0 第一次等于10s,第二次等于20s,第三次等于40s

multiplier: 1

listener:

# 默认配置是simple

type: simple

simple:

# 手动ack Acknowledge mode of container. auto none

acknowledge-mode: manual

#消费者调用程序线程的最小数量

concurrency: 10

#消费者最大数量

max-concurrency: 10

#限制消费者每次只处理一条信息,处理完在继续下一条

prefetch: 1

#启动时是否默认启动容器

auto-startup: true

#被拒绝时重新进入队列

default-requeue-rejected: true

相关注解说明

@RabbitListener 注解是指定某方法作为消息消费的方法,例如监听某 Queue 里面的消息。

@RabbitListener标注在方法上,直接监听指定的队列,此时接收的参数需要与发送市类型一致。

@Component

public class PointConsumer {

//监听的队列名

@RabbitListener(queues = "point.to.point")

public void processOne(String name) {

System.out.println("point.to.point:" + name);

}

}

@RabbitListener 可以标注在类上面,需配合 @RabbitHandler 注解一起使用

@RabbitListener 标注在类上面表示当有收到消息的时候,就交给 @RabbitHandler 的方法处理,根据接受的参数类型进入具体的方法中。

@Component

@RabbitListener(queues = "consumer_queue")

public class Receiver {

@RabbitHandler

public void processMessage1(String message) {

System.out.println(message);

}

@RabbitHandler

public void processMessage2(byte[] message) {

System.out.println(new String(message));

}

}

@Payload

可以获取消息中的 body 信息

@RabbitListener(queues = "debug")

public void processMessage1(@Payload String body) {

System.out.println("body:"+body);

}

@Header,@Headers

可以获得消息中的 headers 信息

@RabbitListener(queues = "debug")

public void processMessage1(@Payload String body, @Header String token) {

System.out.println("body:"+body);

System.out.println("token:"+token);

}

@RabbitListener(queues = "debug")

public void processMessage1(@Payload String body, @Headers Map<String,Object> headers) {

System.out.println("body:"+body);

System.out.println("Headers:"+headers);

}

快速使用

配置xml文件

<dependency>

<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>

<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>

</dependency>

配置exchange、queue

注解快速创建版本

@Configuration

public class RabbitmqConfig {

//创建交换机

//通过ExchangeBuilder能创建direct、topic、Fanout类型的交换机

@Bean("bootExchange")

public Exchange bootExchange() {

return ExchangeBuilder.topicExchange("zx_topic_exchange").durable(true).build();

}

//创建队列

@Bean("bootQueue")

public Queue bootQueue() {

return QueueBuilder.durable("zx_queue").build();

}

/**

* 将队列与交换机绑定

*

* @param queue

* @param exchange

* @return

*/

@Bean

public Binding bindQueueExchange(@Qualifier("bootQueue") Queue queue, @Qualifier("bootExchange") Exchange exchange) {

return BindingBuilder.bind(queue).to(exchange).with("boot.#").noargs();

}

}

Direct

import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding;

import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder;

import org.springframework.amqp.core.DirectExchange;

import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

/**

* @Author : JCccc

* @CreateTime : 2019/9/3

* @Description :

**/

@Configuration

public class DirectRabbitConfig {

//队列 起名:TestDirectQueue

@Bean

public Queue TestDirectQueue() {

// durable:是否持久化,默认是false,持久化队列:会被存储在磁盘上,当消息代理重启时仍然存在,暂存队列:当前连接有效

// exclusive:默认也是false,只能被当前创建的连接使用,而且当连接关闭后队列即被删除。此参考优先级高于durable

// autoDelete:是否自动删除,当没有生产者或者消费者使用此队列,该队列会自动删除。

// return new Queue("TestDirectQueue",true,true,false);

//一般设置一下队列的持久化就好,其余两个就是默认false

return new Queue("TestDirectQueue",true);

}

//Direct交换机 起名:TestDirectExchange

@Bean

DirectExchange TestDirectExchange() {

// return new DirectExchange("TestDirectExchange",true,true);

return new DirectExchange("TestDirectExchange",true,false);

}

//绑定 将队列和交换机绑定, 并设置用于匹配键:TestDirectRouting

@Bean

Binding bindingDirect() {

return BindingBuilder.bind(TestDirectQueue()).to(TestDirectExchange()).with("TestDirectRouting");

}

@Bean

DirectExchange lonelyDirectExchange() {

return new DirectExchange("lonelyDirectExchange");

}

}

Fanout

import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding;

import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder;

import org.springframework.amqp.core.FanoutExchange;

import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

/**

* @Author : JCccc

* @CreateTime : 2019/9/3

* @Description :

**/

@Configuration

public class FanoutRabbitConfig {

/**

* 创建三个队列 :fanout.A fanout.B fanout.C

* 将三个队列都绑定在交换机 fanoutExchange 上

* 因为是扇型交换机, 路由键无需配置,配置也不起作用

*/

@Bean

public Queue queueA() {

return new Queue("fanout.A");

}

@Bean

public Queue queueB() {

return new Queue("fanout.B");

}

@Bean

public Queue queueC() {

return new Queue("fanout.C");

}

@Bean

FanoutExchange fanoutExchange() {

return new FanoutExchange("fanoutExchange");

}

@Bean

Binding bindingExchangeA() {

return BindingBuilder.bind(queueA()).to(fanoutExchange());

}

@Bean

Binding bindingExchangeB() {

return BindingBuilder.bind(queueB()).to(fanoutExchange());

}

@Bean

Binding bindingExchangeC() {

return BindingBuilder.bind(queueC()).to(fanoutExchange());

}

}

Topic

import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding;

import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder;

import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;

import org.springframework.amqp.core.TopicExchange;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

/**

* @Author : JCccc

* @CreateTime : 2019/9/3

* @Description :

**/

@Configuration

public class TopicRabbitConfig {

//绑定键

public final static String man = "topic.man";

public final static String woman = "topic.woman";

@Bean

public Queue firstQueue() {

return new Queue(TopicRabbitConfig.man);

}

@Bean

public Queue secondQueue() {

return new Queue(TopicRabbitConfig.woman);

}

@Bean

TopicExchange exchange() {

return new TopicExchange("topicExchange");

}

//将firstQueue和topicExchange绑定,而且绑定的键值为topic.man

//这样只要是消息携带的路由键是topic.man,才会分发到该队列

@Bean

Binding bindingExchangeMessage() {

return BindingBuilder.bind(firstQueue()).to(exchange()).with(man);

}

//将secondQueue和topicExchange绑定,而且绑定的键值为用上通配路由键规则topic.#

// 这样只要是消息携带的路由键是以topic.开头,都会分发到该队列

@Bean

Binding bindingExchangeMessage2() {

return BindingBuilder.bind(secondQueue()).to(exchange()).with("topic.#");

}

}

生产者发送消息

直接发送给队列

//指定消息队列的名字,直接发送消息到消息队列中

@Test

public void testSimpleQueue() {

// 队列名称

String queueName = "simple.queue";

// 消息

String message = "hello, spring amqp!";

// 发送消息

rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(queueName, message);

}

发送给交换机,然后走不同的模式

////指定交换机的名字,将消息发送给交换机,然后不同模式下,消息队列根据key得到消息

@Test

public void testSendDirectExchange() {

// 交换机名称,有三种类型

String exchangeName = "itcast.direct";

// 消息

String message = "红色警报!日本乱排核废水,导致海洋生物变异,惊现哥斯拉!";

// 发送消息,red为队列的key,因此此队列会得到消息

rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(exchangeName, "red", message);

}

也可以将发送的消息封装到HashMap中然后发送给交换机

import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import java.time.LocalDateTime;

import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;

import java.util.HashMap;

import java.util.Map;

import java.util.UUID;

/**

* @Author : JCccc

* @CreateTime : 2019/9/3

* @Description :

**/

@RestController

public class SendMessageController {

@Autowired

RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate; //使用RabbitTemplate,这提供了接收/发送等等方法

@GetMapping("/sendDirectMessage")

public String sendDirectMessage() {

String messageId = String.valueOf(UUID.randomUUID());

String messageData = "test message, hello!";

String createTime = LocalDateTime.now().format(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"));

Map<String,Object> map=new HashMap<>();

map.put("messageId",messageId);

map.put("messageData",messageData);

map.put("createTime",createTime);

//将消息携带绑定键值:TestDirectRouting 发送到交换机TestDirectExchange

rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("TestDirectExchange", "TestDirectRouting", map);

return "ok";

}

}

消费者接收消息

//使用注解@RabbitListener定义当前方法监听RabbitMQ中指定名称的消息队列。

@Component

public class MessageListener {

@RabbitListener(queues = "direct_queue")

public void receive(String id){

System.out.println("已完成短信发送业务(rabbitmq direct),id:"+id);

}

}

参数用Map接收也可以

@Component

@RabbitListener(queues = "TestDirectQueue")//监听的队列名称 TestDirectQueue

public class DirectReceiver {

@RabbitHandler

public void process(Map testMessage) {

System.out.println("DirectReceiver消费者收到消息 : " + testMessage.toString());

}

}

高级特性

消息可靠性传递

有confirm和return两种

在application.yml中添加以下配置项:

Rabbitmq快速开发使用手册-LMLPHP

server:

port: 8021

spring:

#给项目来个名字

application:

name: rabbitmq-provider

#配置rabbitMq 服务器

rabbitmq:

host: 127.0.0.1

port: 5672

username: root

password: root

#虚拟host 可以不设置,使用server默认host

virtual-host: JCcccHost

#确认消息已发送到交换机(Exchange)

#publisher-confirms: true

publisher-confirm-type: correlated

#确认消息已发送到队列(Queue)

publisher-returns: true

有两种配置方法:

写到配置类中

写到工具类或者普通类中,但是这个类得实现那两个接口

写法一

编写消息确认回调函数

import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;

import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.ConnectionFactory;

import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.CorrelationData;

import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration

public class RabbitConfig {

@Bean

public RabbitTemplate createRabbitTemplate(ConnectionFactory connectionFactory){

RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate = new RabbitTemplate();

rabbitTemplate.setConnectionFactory(connectionFactory);

//设置开启Mandatory,才能触发回调函数,无论消息推送结果怎么样都强制调用回调函数

rabbitTemplate.setMandatory(true);

rabbitTemplate.setConfirmCallback(new RabbitTemplate.ConfirmCallback() {

@Override

public void confirm(CorrelationData correlationData, boolean ack, String cause) {

System.out.println("ConfirmCallback: "+"相关数据:"+correlationData);

System.out.println("ConfirmCallback: "+"确认情况:"+ack);

System.out.println("ConfirmCallback: "+"原因:"+cause);

}

});

rabbitTemplate.setReturnCallback(new RabbitTemplate.ReturnCallback() {

@Override

public void returnedMessage(Message message, int replyCode, String replyText, String exchange, String routingKey) {

System.out.println("ReturnCallback: "+"消息:"+message);

System.out.println("ReturnCallback: "+"回应码:"+replyCode);

System.out.println("ReturnCallback: "+"回应信息:"+replyText);

System.out.println("ReturnCallback: "+"交换机:"+exchange);

System.out.println("ReturnCallback: "+"路由键:"+routingKey);

}

});

return rabbitTemplate;

}

}

写法二

@Component

@Slf4j

public class SmsRabbitMqUtils implements RabbitTemplate.ConfirmCallback, RabbitTemplate.ReturnsCallback {

@Resource

private RedisTemplate<String, String> redisTemplate;

@Resource

private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;

private String finalId = null;

private SmsDTO smsDTO = null;

/**

* 发布者确认的回调

*

* @param correlationData 回调的相关数据。

* @param b ack为真,nack为假

* @param s 一个可选的原因,用于nack,如果可用,否则为空。

*/

@Override

public void confirm(CorrelationData correlationData, boolean b, String s) {

// 消息发送成功,将redis中消息的状态(status)修改为1

if (b) {

redisTemplate.opsForHash().put(RedisConstant.SMS_MESSAGE_PREFIX + finalId, "status", 1);

} else {

// 发送失败,放入redis失败集合中,并删除集合数据

log.error("短信消息投送失败:{}-->{}", correlationData, s);

redisTemplate.delete(RedisConstant.SMS_MESSAGE_PREFIX + finalId);

redisTemplate.opsForHash().put(RedisConstant.MQ_PRODUCER, finalId, this.smsDTO);

}

}

/**

* 发生异常时的消息返回提醒

*

* @param returnedMessage

*/

@Override

public void returnedMessage(ReturnedMessage returnedMessage) {

log.error("发生异常,返回消息回调:{}", returnedMessage);

// 发送失败,放入redis失败集合中,并删除集合数据

redisTemplate.delete(RedisConstant.SMS_MESSAGE_PREFIX + finalId);

redisTemplate.opsForHash().put(RedisConstant.MQ_PRODUCER, finalId, this.smsDTO);

}

@PostConstruct

public void init() {

rabbitTemplate.setConfirmCallback(this);

rabbitTemplate.setReturnsCallback(this);

}

}

消息确认机制

Rabbitmq快速开发使用手册-LMLPHP

手动确认

yml配置

#手动确认 manual

listener:

simple:

acknowledge-mode: manual

写法一

首先在消费者项目中创建MessageListenerConfig

import com.elegant.rabbitmqconsumer.receiver.MyAckReceiver;

import org.springframework.amqp.core.AcknowledgeMode;

import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;

import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.CachingConnectionFactory;

import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.SimpleMessageListenerContainer;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration

public class MessageListenerConfig {

@Autowired

private CachingConnectionFactory connectionFactory;

@Autowired

private MyAckReceiver myAckReceiver;//消息接收处理类

@Bean

public SimpleMessageListenerContainer simpleMessageListenerContainer() {

SimpleMessageListenerContainer container = new SimpleMessageListenerContainer(connectionFactory);

container.setConcurrentConsumers(1);

container.setMaxConcurrentConsumers(1);

container.setAcknowledgeMode(AcknowledgeMode.MANUAL); // RabbitMQ默认是自动确认,这里改为手动确认消息

//设置一个队列

container.setQueueNames("TestDirectQueue");

//如果同时设置多个如下: 前提是队列都是必须已经创建存在的

// container.setQueueNames("TestDirectQueue","TestDirectQueue2","TestDirectQueue3");

//另一种设置队列的方法,如果使用这种情况,那么要设置多个,就使用addQueues

//container.setQueues(new Queue("TestDirectQueue",true));

//container.addQueues(new Queue("TestDirectQueue2",true));

//container.addQueues(new Queue("TestDirectQueue3",true));

container.setMessageListener(myAckReceiver);

return container;

}

}

然后创建手动确认监听类MyAckReceiver(手动确认模式需要实现ChannelAwareMessageListener)

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;

import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;

import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.api.ChannelAwareMessageListener;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;

import java.io.ObjectInputStream;

import java.util.Map;

@Component

public class MyAckReceiver implements ChannelAwareMessageListener {

@Override

public void onMessage(Message message, Channel channel) throws Exception {

long deliveryTag = message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag();

try {

byte[] body = message.getBody();

ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(new ByteArrayInputStream(body));

Map<String,String> msgMap = (Map<String,String>) ois.readObject();

String messageId = msgMap.get("messageId");

String messageData = msgMap.get("messageData");

String createTime = msgMap.get("createTime");

ois.close();

System.out.println(" MyAckReceiver messageId:"+messageId+" messageData:"+messageData+" createTime:"+createTime);

System.out.println("消费的主题消息来自:"+message.getMessageProperties().getConsumerQueue());

channel.basicAck(deliveryTag, true); //第二个参数,手动确认可以被批处理,当该参数为 true 时,则可以一次性确认 delivery_tag 小于等于传入值的所有消息

//channel.basicReject(deliveryTag, true);//第二个参数,true会重新放回队列,所以需要自己根据业务逻辑判断什么时候使用拒绝

} catch (Exception e) {

channel.basicReject(deliveryTag, false);

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

}

如果想实现不同的队列,有不同的监听确认处理机制,做不同的业务处理,那么这样做:

首先需要在配置类中绑定队列,然后只需要根据消息来自不同的队列名进行区分处理即可

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;

import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;

import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.api.ChannelAwareMessageListener;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;

import java.io.ObjectInputStream;

import java.util.Map;

@Component

public class MyAckReceiver implements ChannelAwareMessageListener {

@Override

public void onMessage(Message message, Channel channel) throws Exception {

long deliveryTag = message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag();

try {

byte[] body = message.getBody();

ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(new ByteArrayInputStream(body));

Map<String,String> msgMap = (Map<String,String>) ois.readObject();

String messageId = msgMap.get("messageId");

String messageData = msgMap.get("messageData");

String createTime = msgMap.get("createTime");

ois.close();

if ("TestDirectQueue".equals(message.getMessageProperties().getConsumerQueue())){

System.out.println("消费的消息来自的队列名为:"+message.getMessageProperties().getConsumerQueue());

System.out.println("消息成功消费到 messageId:"+messageId+" messageData:"+messageData+" createTime:"+createTime);

System.out.println("执行TestDirectQueue中的消息的业务处理流程......");

}

if ("fanout.A".equals(message.getMessageProperties().getConsumerQueue())){

System.out.println("消费的消息来自的队列名为:"+message.getMessageProperties().getConsumerQueue());

System.out.println("消息成功消费到 messageId:"+messageId+" messageData:"+messageData+" createTime:"+createTime);

System.out.println("执行fanout.A中的消息的业务处理流程......");

}

channel.basicAck(deliveryTag, true);

//channel.basicReject(deliveryTag, true);//为true会重新放回队列

} catch (Exception e) {

channel.basicReject(deliveryTag, false);

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

}

写法二

@Component

@Slf4j

public class SendSmsListener {

@Resource

private RedisTemplate<String, String> redisTemplate;

@Resource

private SendSmsUtils sendSmsUtils;

/**

* 监听发送短信普通队列

* @param smsDTO

* @param message

* @param channel

* @throws IOException

*/

@RabbitListener(queues = SMS_QUEUE_NAME)

public void sendSmsListener(SmsDTO smsDTO, Message message, Channel channel) throws IOException {

String messageId = message.getMessageProperties().getMessageId();

int retryCount = (int) redisTemplate.opsForHash().get(RedisConstant.SMS_MESSAGE_PREFIX + messageId, "retryCount");

if (retryCount > 3) {

//重试次数大于3,直接放到死信队列

log.error("短信消息重试超过3次:{}", messageId);

//basicReject方法拒绝deliveryTag对应的消息,第二个参数是否requeue,true则重新入队列,否则丢弃或者进入死信队列。

//该方法reject后,该消费者还是会消费到该条被reject的消息。

channel.basicReject(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(),false);

redisTemplate.delete(RedisConstant.SMS_MESSAGE_PREFIX + messageId);

return;

}

try {

String phoneNum = smsDTO.getPhoneNum();

String code = smsDTO.getCode();

if(StringUtils.isAnyBlank(phoneNum,code)){

throw new RuntimeException("sendSmsListener参数为空");

}

// 发送消息

SendSmsResponse sendSmsResponse = sendSmsUtils.sendSmsResponse(phoneNum, code);

SendStatus[] sendStatusSet = sendSmsResponse.getSendStatusSet();

SendStatus sendStatus = sendStatusSet[0];

if(!"Ok".equals(sendStatus.getCode()) ||!"send success".equals(sendStatus.getMessage())){

throw new RuntimeException("发送验证码失败");

}

//手动确认消息

channel.basicAck(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(),false);

log.info("短信发送成功:{}",smsDTO);

redisTemplate.delete(RedisConstant.SMS_MESSAGE_PREFIX + messageId);

} catch (Exception e) {

redisTemplate.opsForHash().put(RedisConstant.SMS_MESSAGE_PREFIX+messageId,"retryCount",retryCount+1);

channel.basicReject(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(),true);

}

}

/**

* 监听到发送短信死信队列

* @param sms

* @param message

* @param channel

* @throws IOException

*/

@RabbitListener(queues = SMS_DELAY_QUEUE_NAME)

public void smsDelayQueueListener(SmsDTO sms, Message message, Channel channel) throws IOException {

try{

log.error("监听到死信队列消息==>{}",sms);

channel.basicAck(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(),false);

}catch (Exception e){

channel.basicReject(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(),true);

}

}

}

消费端限流

#配置RabbitMQ

spring:

rabbitmq:

host: 192.168.126.3

port: 5672

username: guest

password: guest

virtual-host: /

#开启自动确认 none 手动确认 manual

listener:

simple:

#消费端限流机制必须开启手动确认

acknowledge-mode: manual

#消费端最多拉取的消息条数,签收后不满该条数才会继续拉取

prefetch: 5

消息存活时间TTL

可以设置队列的存活时间,也可以设置具体消息的存活时间

设置队列中所有消息的存活时间

return QueueBuilder

.durable(QUEUE_NAME)//队列持久化

.ttl(10000)//设置队列的所有消息存活10s

.build();

即在创建队列时,设置存活时间

设置某条消息的存活时间

//发送消息,并设置该消息的存活时间

@Test

public void testSendMessage()

{

//1.创建消息属性

MessageProperties messageProperties = new MessageProperties();

//2.设置存活时间

messageProperties.setExpiration("10000");

//3.创建消息对象

Message message = new Message("sendMessage...".getBytes(),messageProperties);

//4.发送消息

rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("my_topic_exchange1","my_routing",message);

}

若设置中间的消息的存活时间,当过期时,该消息不会被移除,但是该消息已经不会被消费了,需要等到该消息到队里顶端才会被移除。因为队列是头出,尾进,故而要移除它需要等到它在顶端时才可以。

在队列设置存活时间,也在单条消息设置存活时间,则以时间短的为准

死信队列

死信队列和普通队列没有任何区别,只需要将普通队列需要绑定死信交换机和死信队列就能够实现功能

import org.springframework.amqp.core.*;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration//Rabbit配置类

public class RabbitConfig4 {

private final String DEAD_EXCHANGE = "dead_exchange";

private final String DEAD_QUEUE = "dead_queue";

private final String NORMAL_EXCHANGE = "normal_exchange";

private final String NORMAL_QUEUE = "normal_queue";

//创建死信交换机

@Bean(DEAD_EXCHANGE)

public Exchange deadExchange()

{

return ExchangeBuilder

.topicExchange(DEAD_EXCHANGE)//交换机类型 ;参数为名字 topic为通配符模式的交换机

.durable(true)//是否持久化,true即存到磁盘,false只在内存上

.build();

}

//创建死信队列

@Bean(DEAD_QUEUE)

public Queue deadQueue()

{

return QueueBuilder

.durable(DEAD_QUEUE)//队列持久化

//.maxPriority(10)//设置队列的最大优先级,最大可以设置255,但官网推荐不超过10,太高比较浪费资源

.build();

}

//死信交换机绑定死信队列

@Bean

//@Qualifier注解,使用名称装配进行使用

public Binding bindDeadQueue(@Qualifier(DEAD_EXCHANGE) Exchange exchange, @Qualifier(DEAD_QUEUE) Queue queue)

{

return BindingBuilder

.bind(queue)

.to(exchange)

.with("dead_routing")

.noargs();

}

//创建普通交换机

@Bean(NORMAL_EXCHANGE)

public Exchange normalExchange()

{

return ExchangeBuilder

.topicExchange(NORMAL_EXCHANGE)//交换机类型 ;参数为名字 topic为通配符模式的交换机

.durable(true)//是否持久化,true即存到磁盘,false只在内存上

.build();

}

//创建普通队列

@Bean(NORMAL_QUEUE)

public Queue normalQueue()

{

return QueueBuilder

.durable(NORMAL_QUEUE)//队列持久化

//.maxPriority(10)//设置队列的最大优先级,最大可以设置255,但官网推荐不超过10,太高比较浪费资源

.deadLetterExchange(DEAD_EXCHANGE)//绑定死信交换机

.deadLetterRoutingKey("dead_routing")//死信队列路由关键字

.ttl(10000)//消息存活10s

.maxLength(10)//队列最大长度为10

.build();

}

//普通交换机绑定普通队列

@Bean

//@Qualifier注解,使用名称装配进行使用

public Binding bindNormalQueue(@Qualifier(NORMAL_EXCHANGE) Exchange exchange, @Qualifier(NORMAL_QUEUE) Queue queue)

{

return BindingBuilder

.bind(queue)

.to(exchange)

.with("my_routing")

.noargs();

}

}

延迟队列

RabbitMQ并未实现延迟队列功能,所以可以通过死信队列实现延迟队列的功能

即给普通队列设置存活时间30分钟,过期后发送至死信队列,在死信消费者监听死信队列消息,查看订单状态,是否支付,未支付则取消订单,回退库存即可。

消费者监听延迟队列

@Component

public class ExpireOrderConsumer {

//监听过期订单队列

@RabbitListener(queues = "expire_queue")

public void listenMessage(String orderId)

{

//模拟处理数据库等业务

System.out.println("查询"+orderId+"号订单的状态,如果已支付无需处理,如果未支付则回退库存");

}

}

控制层代码

@RestController

public class OrderController {

@Autowired

private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;

@RequestMapping(value = "/place/{orderId}",method = RequestMethod.GET)

public String placeOrder(@PathVariable String orderId)

{

//模拟service层处理

System.out.println("处理订单数据...");

//将订单id发送到订单队列

rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("order_exchange","order_routing",orderId);

return "下单成功,修改库存";

}

}

06-16 17:19