将字符串拆分为字母数组-双字符字母PHP

问题描述

我需要将字符串拆分为字母数组。问题是在我的语言（克罗地亚语）中也存在双字符字母（例如lj，nj和dž）。

I need to split a string into an array of letters. The problem is that in my language (Croatian) there are double character letters aswell (e.g. lj, nj, dž).

所以字符串如ljubičicajecvijet应该分成一个看起来像这样的数组：

So the string such as ljubičicajecvijet should be split into an array that would look like this:

Array
(
    [0] => lj
    [1] => u
    [2] => b
    [3] => i
    [4] => č
    [5] => i
    [6] => c
    [7] => a
    [8] => j
    [9] => e
    [10] => c
    [11] => v
    [12] => i
    [13] => j
    [14] => e
    [15] => t
)

这是数组中克罗地亚语字符的列表（我也包括英语字母）。

Here is the list of Croatian characters in an array (I included English letters aswell).

$alphabet= array(
            'a', 'b', 'c',
            'č', 'ć', 'd',
            'dž', 'đ', 'e',
            'f', 'g', 'h',
            'i', 'j', 'k',
            'l', 'lj', 'm',
            'n', 'nj', 'o',
            'p', 'q', 'r',
            's', 'š', 't',
            'u', 'v', 'w',
            'x', 'y', 'z', 'ž'
          );

推荐答案

您可以使用以下解决方案：

You can use this kind of solution:

数据：

$text = 'ljubičicajecviježdžt';

$alphabet = [
            'a', 'b', 'c',
            'č', 'ć', 'd',
            'dž', 'đ', 'e',
            'f', 'g', 'h',
            'i', 'j', 'k',
            'l', 'lj', 'm',
            'n', 'nj', 'o',
            'p', 'q', 'r',
            's', 'š', 't',
            'u', 'v', 'w',
            'x', 'y', 'z', 'ž'
];

1。按长度排序结果，以便在开头有双字母

1. Order results by length in order to have the double letters at the beginning

// 2 letters first
usort($alphabet, function($a, $b) {
    if( mb_strlen($a) != mb_strlen($b) )
        return mb_strlen($a) < mb_strlen($b);
    else
        return $a > $b;
});

var_dump($alphabet);

2。最后，拆分。我使用 preg_split 函数和 preg_quote 函数来保护该函数。

2. Finally, split. I used preg_split function with preg_quote to protect the function.

// split
$alphabet = array_map('preg_quote', $alphabet); // protect preg_split
$pattern = implode('|', $alphabet); // 'dž|lj|nj|a|b|c|d|e|f|g|h|i|j|k|l|m|n|o|p|q|r|s|t|u|v|w|x|y|z|ć|č|đ|š|ž'

var_dump($pattern);

var_dump( preg_split('`(' . $pattern . ')`si', $text, null, PREG_SPLIT_DELIM_CAPTURE | PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY) );

结果：）

array (size=18)
  0 => string 'lj' (length=2)
  1 => string 'u' (length=1)
  2 => string 'b' (length=1)
  3 => string 'i' (length=1)
  4 => string 'č' (length=2)
  5 => string 'i' (length=1)
  6 => string 'c' (length=1)
  7 => string 'a' (length=1)
  8 => string 'j' (length=1)
  9 => string 'e' (length=1)
  10 => string 'c' (length=1)
  11 => string 'v' (length=1)
  12 => string 'i' (length=1)
  13 => string 'j' (length=1)
  14 => string 'e' (length=1)
  15 => string 'ž' (length=2)
  16 => string 'dž' (length=3)
  17 => string 't' (length=1)

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