--下面的描述不记得在哪里抄来的了?!

表分区就是把逻辑上一个大表分割成物理上的多个小块,表分区可提供如下若干好处:

1.某些类型的查询性能可以得到极大提升。

2.更新的性能可以得到提升,因为表的每块索引要比整个数据集上的索引要小,如果索引不能全部放在内存里,那么在索引上的读写都会产生磁盘访问。

3.批量删除可以用简单的删除某个分区

4.将很少使用的数据移动到便宜的慢一些的存储介质上。

示例1.

1.创建主表

create table tbl_inherits_test
(
a int,
b timestamp without time zone
);
create index idx_tbl_inherits_test_b on tbl_inherits_test using btree (b);

2.创建触发器函数,在INSERT父表时根据时间字段b写入时间b的分表,如果分表b不存在,则创建分表b,然后再INSERT分表

create or replace function f_insert_tbl_inherits_test() returns trigger as
$body$
declare tablename varchar(32) default '';
begin
tablename='tbl_inherits_test_'||to_char(NEW.b,'YYYY_MM_DD'); execute 'insert into '||tablename||'(a,b) values('||NEW.a||','''||NEW.b||''')';
    return null;
    EXCEPTION
when undefined_table then
execute 'create table '||tablename||'() inherits (tbl_inherits_test)';
execute 'create index idx_'||tablename||'_b on '||tablename||' using btree(b)';
execute 'insert into '||tablename||'(a,b) values('||NEW.a||','''||NEW.b||''')';
return null;
end;
$body$
language plpgsql;

3.创建触发器,当INSERT主表时执行触发器函数

create trigger trg_insert_tbl_inherits_test before insert on tbl_inherits_test for each row execute procedure f_insert_tbl_inherits_test();

4.向主表写数据验证结果

test=#insert into tbl_inherits_test(a,b) values(1,'2016-06-20 17:40:21');
test=# \d+ tbl_inherits_test
Table "public.tbl_inherits_test"
Column | Type | Modifiers | Storage | Stats target | Description
--------+-----------------------------+-----------+---------+--------------+-------------
a | integer | | plain | |
b | timestamp without time zone | | plain | |
Indexes:
"idx_tbl_inherits_test_b" btree (b)
Triggers:
trg_insert_tbl_inherits_test BEFORE INSERT ON tbl_inherits_test FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE f_insert_tbl_inherits_test()
Child tables: tbl_inherits_test_2016_06_20

5.结果显示INSERT主表时会根据INSERT的数据b(2016-06-20 17:40:21)自动创建一个分表tbl_inherits_test_2016_06_20,再写入几条数据,查看结果

test=# insert into tbl_inherits_test(a,b) values (2,'2016-06-20 08:08:08'),(3,'2016-06-21 19:00:00');
INSERT 0 0
test=# \d+ tbl_inherits_test
Table "public.tbl_inherits_test"
Column | Type | Modifiers | Storage | Stats target | Description
--------+-----------------------------+-----------+---------+--------------+-------------
a | integer | | plain | |
b | timestamp without time zone | | plain | |
Indexes:
"idx_tbl_inherits_test_b" btree (b)
Triggers:
trg_insert_tbl_inherits_test BEFORE INSERT ON tbl_inherits_test FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE f_insert_tbl_inherits_test()
Child tables: tbl_inherits_test_2016_06_20,
tbl_inherits_test_2016_06_21

6.分别查询主表和分表的数据,直接查询主表会查询到所有分表的数据,但是使用only查询主表发现,主表中并没有数据(因为触发器函数中返回的是null)

test=# select * from tbl_inherits_test_2016_06_20 ;
a | b
---+---------------------
1 | 2016-06-20 17:40:21
2 | 2016-06-20 08:08:08
(2 rows) test=# select * from tbl_inherits_test_2016_06_21 ;
a | b
---+---------------------
3 | 2016-06-21 19:00:00
(1 row) test=#
test=# select * from tbl_inherits_test ;
a | b
---+---------------------
1 | 2016-06-20 17:40:21
2 | 2016-06-20 08:08:08
3 | 2016-06-21 19:00:00
(3 rows) test=# select * from only tbl_inherits_test ;
a | b
---+---
(0 rows)
05-27 08:11