INSERT INTO ... ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE 是 MySQL 中的一个非常有用的语法，它允许你在插入新记录时，如果记录的唯一键（如主键或唯一索引）已存在，则执行更新操作而不是插入。这可以帮助你避免在插入数据时产生的重复键错误，并允许你以一种原子性的方式处理插入或更新的逻辑。
语法用途
- 插入新记录：当你要插入的新记录的唯一键在表中不存在时，这条记录会被正常插入。
- 更新现有记录：如果新记录的唯一键已存在于表中，那么会执行
UPDATE部分的语句来更新该记录。
语法讲解
基本语法结构如下：
INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2, ... columnN)
VALUES (value1, value2, ... valueN)
ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE
column1 = VALUES(column1), column2 = VALUES(column2), ...
table_name：要插入或更新的表名。(column1, column2, ... columnN)：要插入或更新的列名。(value1, value2, ... valueN)：对应列的值。ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE：当遇到重复键时执行的更新操作。column1 = VALUES(column1), column2 = VALUES(column2), ...：要更新的列及其对应的值，VALUES(columnN)表示的是INSERT语句中对应列的值。
示例
假设有一个名为 users 的表，包含 id（主键，自增）、email（唯一索引）和 name 列。
如果你想插入一个新用户，但如果该用户的 email 已存在，则更新其 name，你可以这样做：
INSERT INTO users (email, name)
VALUES ('john@example.com', 'John Doe')
ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE
name = VALUES(name);
- 如果
john@example.com的email尚未存在于users表中，那么会插入一条新记录。 - 如果
john@example.com的email已存在于users表中，那么会更新该用户的name为 ‘John Doe’。
注意事项
- 确保你的表有定义好的主键或唯一索引，这样 MySQL 才能判断何时执行插入操作，何时执行更新操作。
VALUES(columnN)函数在ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE子句中用于引用INSERT语句中的对应列值。- 如果有多个唯一键或唯一索引可能导致冲突，MySQL 会根据定义的顺序来决定使用哪一个。
ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE语句可以引用表中的其他列来进行更新，不一定非要用VALUES(columnN)。
这个语法在处理需要确保唯一性的数据时非常有用，比如用户信息、订单号等，它可以减少应用逻辑中的条件判断和数据库操作的次数，提高性能和一致性。
场景应用
从Excel中批量导入数据，使用
$sql = 'INSERT INTO ' . $db->table('school') . ' (school_id,school_name,school_short_name,school_type,school_attribute,school_teacher,school_student,school_address,school_lng,school_lat,school_leader,school_leader_phone,school_leader2,school_phone2,school_leader3,school_phone3,school_water,school_electricity,school_url,school_content) VALUES ';
for ($j = 2; $j <= $highestRow; $j++) {
$school_id = $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getCell("A" . $j)->getValue();
$school_name = $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getCell("B" . $j)->getValue();
$school_short_name = $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getCell("C" . $j)->getValue();
$school_type = $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getCell("D" . $j)->getValue();
$school_attribute = $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getCell("E" . $j)->getValue();
$school_teacher = $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getCell("F" . $j)->getValue();
$school_student = $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getCell("G" . $j)->getValue();
$school_address = $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getCell("H" . $j)->getValue();
$school_lng = $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getCell("I" . $j)->getValue();
$school_lat = $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getCell("J" . $j)->getValue();
$school_leader = $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getCell("K" . $j)->getValue();
$school_leader_phone = $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getCell("L" . $j)->getValue();
$school_leader2 = $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getCell("M" . $j)->getValue();
$school_phone2 = $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getCell("N" . $j)->getValue();
$school_leader3 = $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getCell("O" . $j)->getValue();
$school_phone3 = $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getCell("P" . $j)->getValue();
$school_water = $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getCell("Q" . $j)->getValue();
$school_electricity = $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getCell("R" . $j)->getValue();
$school_url = $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getCell("S" . $j)->getValue();
$school_content = $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getCell("T" . $j)->getValue();
//数据入库;
$itemStr = '("';
$itemStr .= $school_id . '","' . $school_name . '","' . $school_short_name . '","' . $school_type . '","' . $school_attribute . '","' . $school_teacher . '","' . $school_student . '","' . $school_address . '","' . $school_lng . '","' . $school_lat . '","' . $school_leader . '","'
. $school_leader_phone . '","' . $school_leader2 . '","' . $school_phone2 . '","' . $school_leader3 . '","' . $school_phone3 . '","' . $school_water . '","' . $school_electricity . '","' . $school_url . '","' . $school_content;
$itemStr .= '"),';
$sql .= $itemStr;
}
$sql = rtrim($sql, ',') . " ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE ";
$sql .= " school_name= VALUES(school_name), school_short_name = VALUES(school_short_name),school_type = VALUES(school_type),school_attribute = VALUES(school_attribute),school_teacher = VALUES(school_teacher),
school_student= VALUES(school_student), school_address = VALUES(school_address),school_lng = VALUES(school_lng),school_lat = VALUES(school_lat),school_leader = VALUES(school_leader),
school_leader_phone= VALUES(school_leader_phone), school_leader2= VALUES(school_leader2), school_phone2= VALUES(school_phone2), school_leader3= VALUES(school_leader3),school_phone3= VALUES(school_phone3),
school_water= VALUES(school_water), school_electricity= VALUES(school_electricity), school_url= VALUES(school_url), school_url= VALUES(school_content)";
$db->query($sql);
@漏刻有时