关于index_hint
在mysql查询语句中可以通过指定index_hint来告诉优化器如何使用索引,详细可以参考这里
index_hint:
USE {INDEX|KEY}
[FOR {JOIN|ORDER BY|GROUP BY}] ([index_list])
| IGNORE {INDEX|KEY}
[FOR {JOIN|ORDER BY|GROUP BY}] (index_list)
| FORCE {INDEX|KEY}
[FOR {JOIN|ORDER BY|GROUP BY}] (index_list)
问题
查询语句中使用index_hint时,如果index_hint指定的索引不存在,那么服务器会返回错误ERROR 1176 (42000)。可以看下面的例子
drop table t1;
create table t1(id int auto_increment, a char(2), primary key (id), key idx1(a)) engine=innodb;
insert into t1 values (1,'ab');
select * from t1 force index (idx1) where a='ab';
+----+------+
| id | a |
+----+------+
| 1 | ab |
+----+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
alter table t1 drop key idx1;
select * from t1 force index (idx1) where a='ab';
ERROR 1176 (42000): Key 'idx1' doesn't exist in table 't1'
在实际应用中,如果查询语句使用index_hint指定了索引,随着业务的发展,这个索引能变得多余了,但删除这个索引会导致应用报错。于是要么保留着个无用的索引,要么修改sql重新发布应用。这两个做法都不太友好。
改进
如果index_hint指定的索引不存在,服务器不返回错误,而是选择报warining,那么删除这个索引就不会导致应用报错。
改进:
新增sql_mode的类型INDEX_HINE_ERROR;
当sql_mode设置了INDEX_HINE_ERROR类型,如果index_hint指定的索引不存在,服务器返回错误。
当sql_mode没有设置INDEX_HINE_ERROR类型,如果index_hint指定的索引不存在,服务器不返回错误,而是选择报warining
看下面的例子:
1)sql_mode没有设置INDEX_HINE_ERROR类型
set sql_mode='';
select * from t1 force index (idx1) where a='ab';
+----+------+
| id | a |
+----+------+
| 1 | ab |
+----+------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
show warnings;
+---------+------+----------------------------------------+
| Level | Code | Message |
+---------+------+----------------------------------------+
| Warning | 1176 | Key 'idx1' doesn't exist in table 't1' |
+---------+------+----------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
explain select * from t1 force index (idx1) where a='ab';
+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | t1 | ALL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 1 | Using where |
+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
show warnings;
+---------+------+----------------------------------------+
| Level | Code | Message |
+---------+------+----------------------------------------+
| Warning | 1176 | Key 'idx1' doesn't exist in table 't1' |
+---------+------+----------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
2)sql_mode设置了INDEX_HINE_ERROR类型
set sql_mode='index_hint_error';
select * from t1 force index (idx1) where a='ab';
ERROR 1176 (42000): Key 'idx1' doesn't exist in table 't1'
explain select * from t1 force index (idx1) where a='ab';
ERROR 1176 (42000): Key 'idx1' doesn't exist in table 't1'