Python：在包中定义类

问题描述

我正在学习Python，我一直在玩包。我想知道在包中定义类的最好方法。看来，在包中定义类的唯一方法是在该包的 __ init __。py 中定义它们。来自Java，我想为我的类定义单独的文件。这是推荐的做法吗？

I'm learning Python and I have been playing around with packages. I wanted to know the best way to define classes in packages. It seems that the only way to define classes in a package is to define them in __init__.py of that package. Coming from Java, I'd kind of like to define individual files for my classes. Is this a recommended practice?

我想让我的目录看起来像这样：

I'd like to have my directory look somewhat like this:

recursor/
    __init__.py
    RecursionException.py
    RecursionResult.py
    Recursor.py

所以我可以将我的类称为recursor.Recursor，recursor.RecursionException和recursor.RecursionResult。这是Python还是推荐的？

So I could refer to my classes as "recursor.Recursor," "recursor.RecursionException," and "recursor.RecursionResult". Is this doable or recommended in Python?

推荐答案

继续在单独的模块中定义类。然后，让 __ init __。py 做这样的操作：

Go ahead and define your classes in separate modules. Then make __init__.py do something like this:

from RecursionException import RecursionException
from RecursionResult import RecursionResult
from Recursor import Recursor

类转换成包的根命名空间，因此调用代码可以引用 recursor.Recursor 而不是 recursor.Recursor.Recursor 。

That will import each class into the package's root namespace, so calling code can refer to recursor.Recursor instead of recursor.Recursor.Recursor.

我觉得需要回应一些其他的意见，但是：Python不是Java。我不建议在太阳下为每个类创建一个新模块，我建议将紧密相关的类分组到一个模块中。这样更容易理解你的代码，调用代码不需要bazillion导入。

I feel the need to echo some of the other comments here, though: Python is not Java. Rather than creating a new module for every class under the sun, I suggest grouping closely related classes into a single module. It's easier to understand your code that way, and calling code won't need a bazillion imports.

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