在每个类创建一张表的情况下, 表中不使用Null值的列。 这种方法的缺点是在子类表中创建了重复的列。
在这里,我们需要在父类中使用@Inheritance(strategy = InheritanceType.TABLE_PER_CLASS)
注释,并在子类中使用@AttributeOverrides
注释。@Inheritance(strategy = InheritanceType.TABLE_PER_CLASS)
指定正在使用每个具体类策略的表。它应该仅在父类中指定。
@AttributeOverrides
定义该类中的父类属性将被覆盖。 在表结构中,父类表列将被添加到子类表中。
我们来了解映射的层次结构。
在每个具体类一张表的情况下,数据库中将有三个表,每个表表示一个特定的类。
每个表的格结构如下:Employee
类的表结构 -
CREATE TABLE `emp122` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL,
`name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
Regular_Employee
类的表结构 -
CREATE TABLE `regemp122` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL,
`name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
`salary` float DEFAULT NULL,
`bonus` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
Contract_Employee
类的表结构 -
CREATE TABLE `contemp122` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL,
`name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
`pay_per_hour` float DEFAULT NULL,
`contract_duration` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
每个具体类的表示例
在这个例子中,我们创建了三个类,并在employee.hbm.xml
文件中提供了这些类的映射。创建一个项目:inheritance2annotation
, 完整的项目结构如下 -
1)创建持久类
您需要创建表示继承的持久化类。 让我们为上面的层次结构创建三个类:
文件:Employee.java
package com.yiibai;
import javax.persistence.*;
import javax.persistence.*;
@Entity
@Table(name = "employee102")
@Inheritance(strategy = InheritanceType.TABLE_PER_CLASS)
public class Employee {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
@Column(name = "id")
private int id;
@Column(name = "name")
private String name;
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
// setters and getters
}
文件:Regular_Employee.java
package com.yiibai;
/**
*
* @author by maxsu
* @copyright http://www.yiibai.com
* @link download at: http://www.yiibai.com/siteinfo/download.html
*/
import javax.persistence.*;
@Entity
@Table(name = "regularemployee102")
@AttributeOverrides({
@AttributeOverride(name = "id", column = @Column(name = "id")),
@AttributeOverride(name = "name", column = @Column(name = "name")) })
public class Regular_Employee extends Employee {
@Column(name = "salary")
private float salary;
@Column(name = "bonus")
private int bonus;
public float getSalary() {
return salary;
}
public void setSalary(float salary) {
this.salary = salary;
}
public int getBonus() {
return bonus;
}
public void setBonus(int bonus) {
this.bonus = bonus;
}
// setters and getters
}
文件:Contract_Employee.java
package com.yiibai;
/**
*
* @author by maxsu
* @copyright http://www.yiibai.com
* @link download at: http://www.yiibai.com/siteinfo/download.html
*/
import javax.persistence.*;
@Entity
@Table(name = "contractemployee102")
@AttributeOverrides({
@AttributeOverride(name = "id", column = @Column(name = "id")),
@AttributeOverride(name = "name", column = @Column(name = "name")) })
public class Contract_Employee extends Employee {
@Column(name = "pay_per_hour")
private float pay_per_hour;
@Column(name = "contract_duration")
private String contract_duration;
public float getPay_per_hour() {
return pay_per_hour;
}
public void setPay_per_hour(float payPerHour) {
pay_per_hour = payPerHour;
}
public String getContract_duration() {
return contract_duration;
}
public void setContract_duration(String contractDuration) {
contract_duration = contractDuration;
}
}
2)在配置文件中添加hbm文件的映射
打开hibernate.cfg.xml文
件,并添加如下映射资源的项:
<mapping class="com.yiibai.Employee" />
<mapping class="com.yiibai.Contract_Employee" />
<mapping class="com.yiibai.Regular_Employee" />
现在配置文件将如下所示:
文件:hibernate.cfg.xml
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<!-- Generated by MyEclipse Hibernate Tools. -->
<hibernate-configuration>
<session-factory>
<property name="hbm2ddl.auto">update</property>
<property name="connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
<property name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test</property>
<property name="connection.username">root</property>
<property name="connection.password">123456</property>
<property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect</property>
<property name="show_sql">true</property>
<mapping class="com.yiibai.Employee" />
<mapping class="com.yiibai.Contract_Employee" />
<mapping class="com.yiibai.Regular_Employee" />
</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>
hbm2ddl.auto
属性定义是用于在数据库中创建自动表。
4)创建存储持久对象的类
在这个类中,我们只是将Employee
对象存储在数据库表中。
文件:MainTest.java
package com.yiibai;
import org.hibernate.*;
import org.hibernate.boot.MetadataSources;
import org.hibernate.boot.registry.StandardServiceRegistry;
import org.hibernate.boot.registry.StandardServiceRegistryBuilder;
/**
*
* @author by maxsu
* @copyright http://www.yiibai.com
* @link download at: http://www.yiibai.com/siteinfo/download.html
*/
public class MainTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 但在5.1.0版本汇总,hibernate则采用如下新方式获取:
// 1. 配置类型安全的准服务注册类,这是当前应用的单例对象,不作修改,所以声明为final
// 在configure("cfg/hibernate.cfg.xml")方法中,如果不指定资源路径,默认在类路径下寻找名为hibernate.cfg.xml的文件
final StandardServiceRegistry registry = new StandardServiceRegistryBuilder()
.configure("hibernate.cfg.xml").build();
// 2. 根据服务注册类创建一个元数据资源集,同时构建元数据并生成应用一般唯一的的session工厂
SessionFactory sessionFactory = new MetadataSources(registry)
.buildMetadata().buildSessionFactory();
/**** 上面是配置准备,下面开始我们的数据库操作 ******/
Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();// 从会话工厂获取一个session
// creating transaction object
Transaction t = session.beginTransaction();
Employee e1 = new Employee();
e1.setName("用户名-01");
Regular_Employee e2 = new Regular_Employee();
e2.setName("yiibai su");
e2.setSalary(50002);
e2.setBonus(5);
Contract_Employee e3 = new Contract_Employee();
e3.setName("Mina su");
e3.setPay_per_hour(1010);
e3.setContract_duration("15 hours");
session.persist(e1);
session.persist(e2);
session.persist(e3);
t.commit();
session.close();
System.out.println("success");
}
}
执行上面代码运行测试即可,应该会自动创建三张表,并插入数据。