平时在开发中避免不了使用大量的if else语句,但过多层的if else对于性能有很大的开销,类似如下代码
public class MainStart { public static void main(String[] args) {
String msgid = "MS066";
if(message.equals("MS066")){
System.out.println("MS066");
}else if (message.equals("MS034")){
System.out.println("MS034");
}else if (message.equals("MS064")){
System.out.println("MS064");
}else{
System.out.println("no msgid!");
}
}
}
上边代码只是示例,实际情况可能不止4层
策略模式是一种解耦的方法,它对算法进行封装,使得算法的调用和算法本身分离。使用策略模式客户端代码不需要调整,算法之间可以互相替换,因为不同的算法实现的是同一个接口。将上面的代码优化后变为:
public class MainStart { public static void main(String[] args) {
OrderDictController controller=new OrderDictController();
String msgid = "MS066";
MsgInterface msgInterface=MsgContext.getInstance(msgId);
msgInterface.manage(msg,controller);
}
}
实现策略模式需要以下几个步骤:
1.定义接口
import java.sql.SQLException; import org.dom4j.DocumentException; import com.huc.controller.OrderDictController; public interface MsgInterface {
public void manage(String msg, OrderDictController controller) throws DocumentException, SQLException;
}
2.实现接口,重写处理逻辑
package com.huc.msg.imp; import java.sql.SQLException; import org.dom4j.DocumentException; import com.huc.controller.OrderDictController;
import com.huc.msg.MsgInterface; public class MS003 implements MsgInterface{
@Override
public void manage(String msg, OrderDictController controller) throws DocumentException, SQLException {
controller.manageMs003(msg);
}
}
package com.huc.msg.imp; import java.sql.SQLException; import org.dom4j.DocumentException; import com.huc.controller.OrderDictController;
import com.huc.msg.MsgInterface; public class MS028 implements MsgInterface{
@Override
public void manage(String msg, OrderDictController controller) throws DocumentException, SQLException {
controller.manageMs028(msg);
}
}
写两个作为例子,可根据情况自行扩展实现类
3.定义策略上下文,根据msgid获取对象实例
package com.huc.msg; import java.util.Map; public class MsgContext {
public static MsgInterface getInstance(String msgId){
MsgInterface inter=null;
Map<String, String> allClazz = MsgEnum.getAllClazz();
String clazz = allClazz.get(msgId);
if (msgId!=null&&msgId.trim().length()>0) {
try {
try {
inter = (MsgInterface) Class.forName(clazz).newInstance();//调用无参构造器创建实例
} catch (InstantiationException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
return inter;
}
}
在这一步骤中,我们需要一种方式可以根据msgid来反射获取对象的实例,这里使用枚举来维护二者的对应关系。
package com.huc.msg; import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map; public enum MsgEnum { MS066("MS066", "com.huc.msg.imp.MS066"),
MS034("MS034", "com.huc.msg.imp.MS034"),
MS064("MS064", "com.huc.msg.imp.MS064"),
MS028("MS028", "com.huc.msg.imp.MS028"),
MS003("MS003", "com.huc.msg.imp.MS003"),
MS062("MS062", "com.huc.msg.imp.MS062"),
MS154("MS154", "com.huc.msg.imp.MS154"),
MS153("MS153", "com.huc.msg.imp.MS153"),
MS033("MS033", "com.huc.msg.imp.MS033");
private String msgid;
private String clazz; public static Map<String, String> getAllClazz() {
Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();
for (MsgEnum msgEnum : MsgEnum.values()) {
map.put(msgEnum.getMsgid(), msgEnum.getClazz());
}
return map;
} MsgEnum(String msgid, String clazz) {
this.msgid = msgid;
this.clazz = clazz;
} public String getMsgid() {
return msgid;
} public void setMsgid(String msgid) {
this.msgid = msgid;
} public String getClazz() {
return clazz;
} public void setClazz(String clazz) {
this.clazz = clazz;
} }
在上面的代码中,getAllClazz()方法用于获取所有message和对应处理类的映射关系。至此策略模式优化就已经完成了,运行MainStart可以看到运行结果。