前面参考： http://www.cnblogs.com/xiaowuyi/p/4051238.html
- 插上硬盘，查看状态
root@raspberrypi:/home/pi# sudo fdisk -l
Disk /dev/ram0: 4 MiB, 4194304 bytes, 8192 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk /dev/ram1: 4 MiB, 4194304 bytes, 8192 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk /dev/ram2: 4 MiB, 4194304 bytes, 8192 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk /dev/ram3: 4 MiB, 4194304 bytes, 8192 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk /dev/ram4: 4 MiB, 4194304 bytes, 8192 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk /dev/ram5: 4 MiB, 4194304 bytes, 8192 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk /dev/ram6: 4 MiB, 4194304 bytes, 8192 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk /dev/ram7: 4 MiB, 4194304 bytes, 8192 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk /dev/ram8: 4 MiB, 4194304 bytes, 8192 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk /dev/ram9: 4 MiB, 4194304 bytes, 8192 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk /dev/ram10: 4 MiB, 4194304 bytes, 8192 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk /dev/ram11: 4 MiB, 4194304 bytes, 8192 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk /dev/ram12: 4 MiB, 4194304 bytes, 8192 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk /dev/ram13: 4 MiB, 4194304 bytes, 8192 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk /dev/ram14: 4 MiB, 4194304 bytes, 8192 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk /dev/ram15: 4 MiB, 4194304 bytes, 8192 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk /dev/mmcblk0: 29.7 GiB, 31914983424 bytes, 62333952 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xa0068976 Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/mmcblk0p1 8192 98045 89854 43.9M c W95 FAT32 (LBA)
/dev/mmcblk0p2 98304 62333951 62235648 29.7G 83 Linux Disk /dev/sda: 465.8 GiB, 500107862016 bytes, 976773168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xff2d845c Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sda1 2048 976766975 976764928 465.8G 83 Linux
- 使用df 命令查看自动挂载的硬盘
df命令的功能是用来检查linux服务器的文件系统的磁盘空间占用情况。可以利用该命令来获取硬盘被占用了多少空间，目前还剩下多少空间等信息。
root@raspberrypi:/home/pi# df -h
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/root 30G 4.8G 24G 18% /
devtmpfs 434M 0 434M 0% /dev
tmpfs 438M 0 438M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 438M 12M 427M 3% /run
tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock
tmpfs 438M 0 438M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mmcblk0p1 44M 23M 22M 51% /boot
tmpfs 88M 0 88M 0% /run/user/1000
/dev/sda1 437G 8.0K 414G 1% /media/pi/nas465
最后一行/dev/sda1说明硬盘已经挂载。
为下一步安装samba，将共享文件夹设为/samba。
于是新建文件夹：
mkdir /samba
设置访问权限：
chmod 777 /samba
将硬盘挂载到/samba文件夹：
umount /dev/sda1 #取消自动的挂载
mount /dev/sda1 /samba #将硬盘挂载到/samba文件夹
- 使用df 命令再次查看挂载的硬盘
root@raspberrypi:/home/pi# df -h
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/root 30G 4.8G 24G 18% /
devtmpfs 434M 0 434M 0% /dev
tmpfs 438M 0 438M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 438M 12M 427M 3% /run
tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock
tmpfs 438M 0 438M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mmcblk0p1 44M 23M 22M 51% /boot
tmpfs 88M 0 88M 0% /run/user/1000
/dev/sda1 437G 8.0K 414G 1% /samba
- 解决硬盘的自动挂载
每次树莓派重启或者硬盘插拔都需要对硬盘进行重新挂载，比较麻烦，因此需要自动挂载。这里要修改/etc/fstab文件。
sudo nano /etc/fstab
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
PARTUUID=a0068976-01 /boot vfat defaults 0 2
PARTUUID=a0068976-02 / ext4 defaults,noatime 0 1
# a swapfile is not a swap partition, no line here
# use dphys-swapfile swap[on|off] for that
修改后：
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
PARTUUID=a0068976-01 /boot vfat defaults 0 2
PARTUUID=a0068976-02 / ext4 defaults,noatime 0 1
/dev/sda1 /samba ext4 defaults 0 0
# a swapfile is not a swap partition, no line here
# use dphys-swapfile swap[on|off] for that
备注：
可以看到，fstab文件其实就是一个表格，表格各列的含意如下：
第一列：磁盘分区名/卷标，一般是/dev/sdaN（N表示正整数）
第二列：挂载点，我们在这里把/dev/sda1挂到/samba上。
第三列：缺省设置，一般用defautls。
第四列：是否备份：0——表示不做 dump 备份；1——表示要将整个 <fie sysytem> 里的内容备份；2 也表示要做 dump 备份，但该分区的重要性比 1 小。
第五列：检测顺序：0——不进行检测；根分区（/），必须填写 1，其它的都不能填写 1。如果有分区填写大于 1 的话，则在检查完根分区后，从小到大依次检查下去。