问题描述
我以为我前一天打算在.NET Core 2.0上实现独立的Bearer auth Webapi时就想到了一个非常简单的目标，但是我还没有远程进行任何工作.这是我要执行的操作的列表:
I thought I had a pretty simple goal in mind when I set out a day ago to implement a self-contained bearer auth webapi on .NET core 2.0, but I have yet to get anything remotely working. Here's a list of what I'm trying to do:
- 实施由承载令牌保护的webapi
- 问题代币&从同一项目中的端点刷新令牌
- 使用[Authorize]属性控制对api表面的访问
- 不使用ASP.Net身份(我的用户/成员资格要求轻得多)
我完全可以在登录时建立身份/声明/原则并将其添加到请求上下文中，但是我没有看到一个有关如何在没有身份的Core 2.0 webapi中发布和使用auth/refresh令牌的示例.我已经看过没有身份的Cookie的1.x MSDN示例，但这不足以使我理解上面的要求.
I'm totally fine with building identity/claims/principal in login and adding that to request context, but I've not seen a single example on how to issue and consume auth/refresh tokens in a Core 2.0 webapi without Identity. I've seen the 1.x MSDN example of cookies without Identity, but that didn't get me far enough in understanding to meet the requirements above.
我觉得这可能是一个常见的情况，不应该那么难(也许不是，可能只是缺乏文档/示例?).据我所知，IdentityServer4与Core 2.0 Auth不兼容，opendiddict似乎需要身份.我也不想将令牌终结点托管在单独的进程中，而是在同一webapi实例中托管.
I feel like this might be a common scenario and it shouldn't be this hard (maybe it's not, maybe just lack of documentation/examples?). As far as I can tell, IdentityServer4 is not compatible with Core 2.0 Auth, opendiddict seems to require Identity. I also don't want to host the token endpoint in a separate process, but within the same webapi instance.
任何人都可以给我指出一个具体的例子，或者至少给出一些最佳步骤/选择的指导吗?
Can anyone point me to a concrete example, or at least give some guidance as to what best steps/options are?
推荐答案
进行了编辑以使其与ASP.NET Core 2.0兼容.
Did an edit to make it compatible with ASP.NET Core 2.0.
首先，一些Nuget软件包:
Firstly, some Nuget packages:
- Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.JwtBearer
- Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity
- System.IdentityModel.Tokens.Jwt
- System.Security.Cryptography.Csp
然后是一些基本的数据传输对象.
Then some basic data transfer objects.
// Presumably you will have an equivalent user account class with a user name.
public class User
{
public string UserName { get; set; }
}
public class JsonWebToken
{
public string access_token { get; set; }
public string token_type { get; set; } = "bearer";
public int expires_in { get; set; }
public string refresh_token { get; set; }
}
要使用适当的功能，您需要一个登录/令牌网络方法才能将授权令牌实际发送给用户.
Getting into the proper functionality, you'll need a login/token web method to actually send the authorization token to the user.
[Route("api/token")]
public class TokenController : Controller
{
private ITokenProvider _tokenProvider;
public TokenController(ITokenProvider tokenProvider) // We'll create this later, don't worry.
{
_tokenProvider = tokenProvider;
}
public JsonWebToken Get([FromQuery] string grant_type, [FromQuery] string username, [FromQuery] string password, [FromQuery] string refresh_token)
{
// Authenticate depending on the grant type.
User user = grant_type == "refresh_token" ? GetUserByToken(refresh_token) : GetUserByCredentials(username, password);
if (user == null)
throw new UnauthorizedAccessException("No!");
int ageInMinutes = 20; // However long you want...
DateTime expiry = DateTime.UtcNow.AddMinutes(ageInMinutes);
var token = new JsonWebToken {
access_token = _tokenProvider.CreateToken(user, expiry),
expires_in = ageInMinutes * 60
};
if (grant_type != "refresh_token")
token.refresh_token = GenerateRefreshToken(user);
return token;
}
private User GetUserByToken(string refreshToken)
{
// TODO: Check token against your database.
if (refreshToken == "test")
return new User { UserName = "test" };
return null;
}
private User GetUserByCredentials(string username, string password)
{
// TODO: Check username/password against your database.
if (username == password)
return new User { UserName = username };
return null;
}
private string GenerateRefreshToken(User user)
{
// TODO: Create and persist a refresh token.
return "test";
}
}
您可能已经注意到，令牌的创建仍然只是某种虚构的ITokenProvider通过的魔术".定义令牌提供者接口.
You probably noticed the token creation is still just "magic" passed through by some imaginary ITokenProvider. Define the token provider interface.
public interface ITokenProvider
{
string CreateToken(User user, DateTime expiry);
// TokenValidationParameters is from Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens
TokenValidationParameters GetValidationParameters();
}
我在JWT上使用RSA安全密钥实现了令牌创建.所以...
I implemented the token creation with an RSA security key on a JWT. So...
public class RsaJwtTokenProvider : ITokenProvider
{
private RsaSecurityKey _key;
private string _algorithm;
private string _issuer;
private string _audience;
public RsaJwtTokenProvider(string issuer, string audience, string keyName)
{
var parameters = new CspParameters { KeyContainerName = keyName };
var provider = new RSACryptoServiceProvider(2048, parameters);
_key = new RsaSecurityKey(provider);
_algorithm = SecurityAlgorithms.RsaSha256Signature;
_issuer = issuer;
_audience = audience;
}
public string CreateToken(User user, DateTime expiry)
{
JwtSecurityTokenHandler tokenHandler = new JwtSecurityTokenHandler();
ClaimsIdentity identity = new ClaimsIdentity(new GenericIdentity(user.UserName, "jwt"));
// TODO: Add whatever claims the user may have...
SecurityToken token = tokenHandler.CreateJwtSecurityToken(new SecurityTokenDescriptor
{
Audience = _audience,
Issuer = _issuer,
SigningCredentials = new SigningCredentials(_key, _algorithm),
Expires = expiry.ToUniversalTime(),
Subject = identity
});
return tokenHandler.WriteToken(token);
}
public TokenValidationParameters GetValidationParameters()
{
return new TokenValidationParameters
{
IssuerSigningKey = _key,
ValidAudience = _audience,
ValidIssuer = _issuer,
ValidateLifetime = true,
ClockSkew = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(0) // Identity and resource servers are the same.
};
}
}
因此，您现在正在生成令牌.是时候实际验证它们并进行连接了.转到您的Startup.cs.
So you're now generating tokens. Time to actually validate them and wire it up. Go to your Startup.cs.
在ConfigureServices()
var tokenProvider = new RsaJwtTokenProvider("issuer", "audience", "mykeyname");
services.AddSingleton<ITokenProvider>(tokenProvider);
services.AddAuthentication(JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme)
.AddJwtBearer(options => {
options.RequireHttpsMetadata = false;
options.TokenValidationParameters = tokenProvider.GetValidationParameters();
});
// This is for the [Authorize] attributes.
services.AddAuthorization(auth => {
auth.DefaultPolicy = new AuthorizationPolicyBuilder()
.AddAuthenticationSchemes(JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme)
.RequireAuthenticatedUser()
.Build();
});
然后Configure()
public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app)
{
app.UseAuthentication();
// Whatever else you're putting in here...
app.UseMvc();
}
那应该是您所需要的.希望我什么都没错过.
That should be about all you need. Hopefully I haven't missed anything.
令人高兴的结果是...
The happy result is...
[Authorize] // Yay!
[Route("api/values")]
public class ValuesController : Controller
{
// ...
}
这篇关于没有身份的ASP.NET Core 2.0承载身份验证的文章就介绍到这了，希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持！