操作演示：
1、查看一个容器的版本
[root@ELK-chaofeng08 ~]# docker version
Client:
Version: 18.09.
API version: 1.39
Go version: go1.10.8
Git commit: 774a1f4
Built: Thu Feb ::
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Experimental: false Server: Docker Engine - Community
Engine:
Version: 18.09.
API version: 1.39 (minimum version 1.12)
Go version: go1.10.8
Git commit: 774a1f4
Built: Thu Feb ::
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Experimental: false
[root@ELK-chaofeng08 ~]# docker -v
Docker version 18.09., build 774a1f4
2、查找指定的镜像
3、查看已安装的镜像
[root@ELK-chaofeng08 ~]# docker image ls
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
redis 4.0-alpine 83944736833a weeks ago .5MB
busybox latest d8233ab899d4 weeks ago .2MB
nginx 1.14-alpine 66952fd0a8ef weeks ago 16MB
4、从hub.docker.com网站拉取镜像
[root@ELK-chaofeng08 ~]# docker image pull nginx:1.14-alpine
5、拉取busybox
[root@ELK-chaofeng08 ~]# docker image pull busybox
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/busybox
Digest: sha256:061ca9704a714ee3e8b80523ec720c64f6209ad3f97c0ff7cb9ec7d19f15149f
Status: Image is up to date for busybox:latest
6、删除一个镜像
[root@ELK-chaofeng08 ~]# docker rmi busybox
Untagged: busybox:latest
Untagged: busybox@sha256:061ca9704a714ee3e8b80523ec720c64f6209ad3f97c0ff7cb9ec7d19f15149f
Deleted: sha256:d8233ab899d419c58cf3634c0df54ff5d8acc28f8173f09c21df4a07229e1205
Deleted: sha256:adab5d09ba79ecf30d3a5af58394b23a447eda7ffffe16c500ddc5ccb4c0222f
7、查看已安装镜像的完整的IMAGE ID
[root@ELK-chaofeng08 ~]# docker image ls --no-trunc
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
redis 4.0-alpine sha256:83944736833a71a490d842a93ec192d78fbe61063ca8b38d5a2b786f477f20ca weeks ago .5MB
nginx 1.14-alpine sha256:66952fd0a8efa0598626fad89d3a0827bc24fc92c3adb576adbc9fd58606e1af weeks ago 16MB
8、查看容器中运行了哪些服务（包含启动和停止的）
[root@ELK-chaofeng08 ~]# docker container ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
fdbb9c2cc7c8 redis:4.0-alpine "docker-entrypoint.s…" minutes ago Up minutes /tcp redis1
77f4d1bb8da9 nginx:1.14-alpine "nginx -g 'daemon of…" minutes ago Up minutes /tcp web1
还要关注STATUS的这个值，这个值显示为Up，表示服务处于启动状态。默认情况下不能看到停止状态的容器，所以需要加上-a参数，即“docker ps -a”来查看STATUS这个值为Exit，表示为关闭状态。
9、启动一个容器
一个容器中只能运行一个镜像，但是可以运行多个容器。
[root@ELK-chaofeng08 ~]# docker container run --name redis2 -d redis:4.0-alpine
68d5b4f366afe5e731112dfb809c8669dd186dbbd6259b59056811345ab1cc4c
在docker run这个过程中，首先是去拉去本地的redis:4.0-alpine这个镜像image，我们刚刚是已经从互联网上拉取过并放在了本地，因此可以直接启动。但是如果docker没有找到本地的镜像image，则会去互联网上下载，然后再运行。其中--name是指定容器的名字，-d是指定运行的镜像，在运行容器之前还有创建容器这个过程。这就是他们启动的过程
10、查看此时运行的容器
[root@ELK-chaofeng08 ~]# docker container ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
68d5b4f366af redis:4.0-alpine "docker-entrypoint.s…" minutes ago Up minutes /tcp redis2
77f4d1bb8da9 nginx:1.14-alpine "nginx -g 'daemon of…" minutes ago Up minutes /tcp web1
11、查看已运行的容器的详细信息
[root@ELK-chaofeng08 ~]# docker inspect redis2
12、交互式向容器发送指令
[root@ELK-chaofeng08 ~]# docker exec -it redis2 /bin/ls /etc
TZ init.d network securetty
alpine-release inittab opt services
apk issue os-release shadow
-i表示交互式输入指令。
-t表示分配一个伪终端。
13、查看容器的日志
[root@ELK-chaofeng08 ~]# docker logs web1
172.17.0.1 - - [/Mar/::: +] "GET / HTTP/1.1" "-" "curl/7.29.0" "-"
此容器中运行了一个web服务器，我们可以查看日志
镜像的介绍：
也就是说一个镜像可以有多个tag，但是一个tag只能对应一个镜像。
14、删除镜像
如果要删除镜像，此镜像必须是停止状态，然后需要先删除容器，再删除镜像，如下所示：
[root@ELK-chaofeng08 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
db8c95fc5ba8 chen/busybox/httpd:v0. "httpd -f -h /data/h…" minutes ago Up minutes jolly_poitras
[root@ELK-chaofeng08 ~]# docker stop db8c95fc5ba8
db8c95fc5ba8
删除容器
[root@ELK-chaofeng08 ~]# docker container ls -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS
db8c95fc5ba8 chen/busybox/httpd:v0. "httpd -f -h /data/h…" minutes ago Exited () minutes ago
9fdca18c27b4 chen/busybox/httpd:v0. "httpd -f -h /data/h…" minutes ago Exited () minutes ago
68d5b4f366af redis:4.0-alpine "docker-entrypoint.s…" hours ago Exited () About an hour
fdbb9c2cc7c8 redis:4.0-alpine "docker-entrypoint.s…" hours ago Exited () hours ago
77f4d1bb8da9 nginx:1.14-alpine "nginx -g 'daemon of…" hours ago Exited () About an hour
[root@ELK-chaofeng08 ~]# docker container rm 9fdca18c27b4
9fdca18c27b4
[root@ELK-chaofeng08 ~]# docker image ls
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
chen/busybox/httpd v0. 2a906703e3da minutes ago .2MB
chen/busybox/httpd v0. b17250b566ae minutes ago .2MB
redis 4.0-alpine 83944736833a weeks ago .5MB
busybox latest d8233ab899d4 weeks ago .2MB
nginx 1.14-alpine 66952fd0a8ef weeks ago 16MB
quay.io/coreos/flannel v0.10.0-amd64 f0fad859c909 months ago .6MB
[root@ELK-chaofeng08 ~]# docker image rm b17250b566ae
Untagged: chen/busybox/httpd:v0.
Deleted: sha256:b17250b566aeeaa99a1e0850717d56b018d846cf6f27253a72ced90eb60912c3
Deleted: sha256:2b0eba4397e6216f884be40579b35e0e950211bf8a751552f889a6a3200b5ed4
[root@ELK-chaofeng08 ~]# docker image ls
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
chen/busybox/httpd v0. 2a906703e3da minutes ago .2MB
redis 4.0-alpine 83944736833a weeks ago .5MB
busybox latest d8233ab899d4 weeks ago .2MB
nginx 1.14-alpine 66952fd0a8ef weeks ago 16MB
quay.io/coreos/flannel v0.10.0-amd64 f0fad859c909 months ago .6MB
删除镜像成功。