1. 简介

Spring Boot 收发邮件最简便方式是通过 spring-boot-starter-mail

<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-mail</artifactId>
</dependency>

spring-boot-starter-mail 本质上是使用 JavaMail(javax.mail)。如果想对 JavaMail 有进一步了解,可以参考: JavaMail 使用指南

2. API

Spring Framework 提供了一个使用 JavaMailSender 接口发送电子邮件的简单抽象,这是发送邮件的核心 API。

JavaMailSender 接口提供的 API 如下:

SpringBoot 教程之发送邮件-LMLPHP

3. 配置

Spring Boot 为 JavaMailSender 提供了自动配置以及启动器模块。

如果 spring.mail.host 和相关库(由 spring-boot-starter-mail 定义)可用,则 Spring Boot 会创建默认 JavaMailSender(如果不存在)。可以通过 spring.mail 命名空间中的配置项进一步自定义发件人。
特别是,某些默认超时值是无限的,您可能希望更改它以避免线程被无响应的邮件服务器阻塞,如以下示例所示:

spring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.connectiontimeout=5000
spring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.timeout=3000
spring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.writetimeout=5000

也可以使用 JNDI 中的现有会话配置 JavaMailSender

spring.mail.jndi-name=mail/Session

以下为 Spring Boot 关于 Mail 的配置:

有关更多详细信息,请参阅 MailProperties

# Email (MailProperties)
spring.mail.default-encoding=UTF-8 # Default MimeMessage encoding.
spring.mail.host= # SMTP server host. For instance, `smtp.example.com`.
spring.mail.jndi-name= # Session JNDI name. When set, takes precedence over other Session settings.
spring.mail.password= # Login password of the SMTP server.
spring.mail.port= # SMTP server port.
spring.mail.properties.*= # Additional JavaMail Session properties.
spring.mail.protocol=smtp # Protocol used by the SMTP server.
spring.mail.test-connection=false # Whether to test that the mail server is available on startup.
spring.mail.username= # Login user of the SMTP server.

4. 实战

4.1. 引入依赖

<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-mail</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency> <dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.github.dozermapper</groupId>
<artifactId>dozer-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>6.4.0</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>

4.2. 配置邮件属性

在 src/main/resources 目录下添加 application-163.properties 配置文件,内容如下:

spring.mail.host = smtp.163.com
spring.mail.username = xxxxxx
spring.mail.password = xxxxxx
spring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.auth = true
spring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.starttls.enable = true
spring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.starttls.required = true
spring.mail.default-encoding = UTF-8 mail.domain = 163.com
mail.from = ${spring.mail.username}@${mail.domain}

注:需替换有效的 spring.mail.usernamespring.mail.password

application-163.properties 配置文件表示使用 163 邮箱时的配置,为了使之生效,需要通过 spring.profiles.active = 163 来激活它。

在 src/main/resources 目录下添加 application.properties 配置文件,内容如下:

spring.profiles.active = 163

4.3. Java 代码

首先,需要读取部分配置属性,方法如下:

import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.validation.annotation.Validated; @Validated
@Component
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "mail")
public class MailProperties {
private String domain;
private String from; public String getDomain() {
return domain;
} public void setDomain(String domain) {
this.domain = domain;
} public String getFrom() {
return from;
} public void setFrom(String from) {
this.from = from;
}
}

接着,定义一个邮件参数实体类(使用 lombok 简化了 getter、setter):

import lombok.Data;
import java.util.Date; @Data
public class MailDTO {
private String from;
private String replyTo;
private String[] to;
private String[] cc;
private String[] bcc;
private Date sentDate;
private String subject;
private String text;
private String[] filenames;
}

接着,实现发送邮件的功能接口:

import com.github.dozermapper.core.Mapper;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.mail.SimpleMailMessage;
import org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSender;
import org.springframework.mail.javamail.MimeMessageHelper;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; import javax.mail.MessagingException;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeBodyPart;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMultipart;
import java.io.IOException; @Service
public class MailService { private final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(this.getClass()); @Autowired
private MailProperties mailProperties; @Autowired
private JavaMailSender javaMailSender; @Autowired
private Mapper mapper; public void sendSimpleMailMessage(MailDTO mailDTO) {
SimpleMailMessage simpleMailMessage = mapper.map(mailDTO, SimpleMailMessage.class);
if (StringUtils.isEmpty(mailDTO.getFrom())) {
mailDTO.setFrom(mailProperties.getFrom());
}
javaMailSender.send(simpleMailMessage);
} public void sendMimeMessage(MailDTO mailDTO) { MimeMessage mimeMessage = javaMailSender.createMimeMessage();
MimeMessageHelper messageHelper;
try {
messageHelper = new MimeMessageHelper(mimeMessage, true); if (StringUtils.isEmpty(mailDTO.getFrom())) {
messageHelper.setFrom(mailProperties.getFrom());
}
messageHelper.setTo(mailDTO.getTo());
messageHelper.setSubject(mailDTO.getSubject()); mimeMessage = messageHelper.getMimeMessage();
MimeBodyPart mimeBodyPart = new MimeBodyPart();
mimeBodyPart.setContent(mailDTO.getText(), "text/html;charset=UTF-8"); // 描述数据关系
MimeMultipart mm = new MimeMultipart();
mm.setSubType("related");
mm.addBodyPart(mimeBodyPart); // 添加邮件附件
for (String filename : mailDTO.getFilenames()) {
MimeBodyPart attachPart = new MimeBodyPart();
try {
attachPart.attachFile(filename);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
mm.addBodyPart(attachPart);
}
mimeMessage.setContent(mm);
mimeMessage.saveChanges(); } catch (MessagingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} javaMailSender.send(mimeMessage);
}
}

5. 示例源码

6. 参考资料

05-28 20:26