一、drf认证功能
二、token讲解
三、局部钩子源码分析
一、drf认证功能
1.认证简介：
只有认证通过的用户才能访问指定的url地址，比如：查询课程信息，需要登录之后才能查看，没有登录则不能查看。这时候需要用到认证组件
2.局部使用
models层
class User(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
password = models.CharField(max_length=32) class UserToken(models.Model):
token = models.CharField(max_length=64)
user = models.OneToOneField(to='User')
新建认证类（验证通过return两个参数）
from rest_framework.authentication import BaseAuthentication class Authlogin(BaseAuthentication):
def authenticate(self, request):
token = request.GET.get('token')
res = models.UserToken.objects.filter(token=token).first()
if res:
# 说明这个人登录了
# return None
return res.user, token
else:
# 说明没有登录
raise NotAuthenticated("您没有登录")
views层
def get_token(name):
m = hashlib.md5(name.encode("utf-8"))
print(m.hexdigest())
res = m.hexdigest()
return res class Login(APIView):
#authentication_classes = []
def post(self, request):
response = {'status': 100, 'msg': None}
# 把用户名和密码取到
name = request.data.get('name')
pwd = request.data.get('password')
print(name, pwd)
# 取出数据库的用户数据
user = models.User.objects.filter(name=name, password=pwd).first()
print(user)
if user:
response['msg'] = '登录成功！'
# 随机字符串可以是用户名+当前同时生成md5
# uuid
token = get_token(name) # user = user 查询条件 defaults={'token'：token}
models.UserToken.objects.update_or_create(user=user, defaults={'token': token})
response['token'] = token
else:
# response['status']后面是等于号不是冒号
response['status'] = 101
print(response['status'])
response['msg'] = '用户名或密码错误'
return Response(response)
def get_token(id,salt=''):
import hashlib
md=hashlib.md5()
md.update(bytes(str(id),encoding='utf-8'))
md.update(bytes(salt,encoding='utf-8')) return md.hexdigest()+'|'+str(id) def check_token(token,salt=''):
ll=token.split('|')
import hashlib
md=hashlib.md5()
md.update(bytes(ll[-1],encoding='utf-8'))
md.update(bytes(salt,encoding='utf-8'))
if ll[0]==md.hexdigest():
return True
else:
return False class TokenAuth():
def authenticate(self, request):
token = request.GET.get('token')
success=check_token(token)
if success:
return
else:
raise AuthenticationFailed('认证失败')
def authenticate_header(self,request):
pass
class Login(APIView):
def post(self,reuquest):
back_msg={'status':1001,'msg':None}
try:
name=reuquest.data.get('name')
pwd=reuquest.data.get('pwd')
user=models.User.objects.filter(username=name,password=pwd).first()
if user:
token=get_token(user.pk)
# models.UserToken.objects.update_or_create(user=user,defaults={'token':token})
back_msg['status']=''
back_msg['msg']='登录成功'
back_msg['token']=token
else:
back_msg['msg'] = '用户名或密码错误'
except Exception as e:
back_msg['msg']=str(e)
return Response(back_msg)
from rest_framework.authentication import BaseAuthentication
class TokenAuth():
def authenticate(self, request):
token = request.GET.get('token')
token_obj = models.UserToken.objects.filter(token=token).first()
if token_obj:
return
else:
raise AuthenticationFailed('认证失败')
def authenticate_header(self,request):
pass class Course(APIView):
authentication_classes = [TokenAuth, ] def get(self, request):
return HttpResponse('get') def post(self, request):
return HttpResponse('post')
不存数据库的token验证
-{name:lqz,id:1}
-把{name:lqz,id:1} 用我自己知道的加密方式加密之后变成了:asdfasdf
-asdfasdf|{name:lqz,id:1} 当做token,发到客户端
-以后客户端再发请求,会携带asdfasdf|{name:lqz,id:1}过来
-服务端截取{name:lqz,id:1},再用我的加密方式加密:asdfasdf
-拿到加密后的串:asdfasdf和请求的asdfasdf比较,如果一样
-把{name:lqz,id:1} 用我自己知道的加密方式加密之后变成了:asdfasdf
-asdfasdf|{name:lqz,id:1} 当做token,发到客户端
-以后客户端再发请求,会携带asdfasdf|{name:lqz,id:1}过来
-服务端截取{name:lqz,id:1},再用我的加密方式加密:asdfasdf
-拿到加密后的串:asdfasdf和请求的asdfasdf比较,如果一样
-假设它模拟成bsdfasdf|{name:lqz,id:1,time:2019-10-13}
bsdfasdf|{name:lqz,id:1}
-token好处是:服务端不需要存session了
bsdfasdf|{name:lqz,id:1}
-token好处是:服务端不需要存session了
总结：局部使用，只需要在试图类里加入
authentication_classes = [TokenAuth, ]
3.全局使用
*一般会将继承BaseAuthentication的token类抽出来单独放在一个auth.py文件中
from rest_framework.authentication import BaseAuthentication
from rest_framework.exceptions import NotAuthenticated
from app import models class Authlogin(BaseAuthentication):
def authenticate(self, request):
token = request.GET.get('token')
res = models.UserToken.objects.filter(token=token).first()
if res:
# 说明这个人登录了
# return None
return res.user, token
else:
# 说明没有登录
raise NotAuthenticated("您没有登录")
*在setting文件中配置全局认证属性
# ["app.auth.Authlogin", ]中的Authlogin要与auth.py文件中视图类大小写一致
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
"DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES": ["app.auth.Authlogin", ]
}
* 需要在login中加入局部禁用
authentication_classes = []
二、token讲解
-认证功能：
1 写一个类,继承BaseAuthentication
2 def authenticate(self,request) ,记住传request对象
-如果验证通过,返回None或者两个值
3 在视图类中使用:(不要加括号)
authentication_classes=[AuthLogin]
-认证功能的局部配置
-authentication_classes=[AuthLogin]
-认证功能的全局配置,在settings.py中配置
-REST_FRAMEWORK={
"DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES":["app01.auth.AuthLogin",]
}
-全局使用的局部禁用:
authentication_classes = []
-drf内置了一些认证类(了解):
-TokenAuthentication
-SessionAuthentication
#BaseAuthentication(规范了接口,模拟其它语言接口的概念)
def authenticate(self, request):
raise NotImplementedError(".authenticate() must be overridden.")
# 如果写了一个类,继承BaseAuthentication,但是没有重写authenticate,就会抛异常
三、局部钩子源码分析
# 通过is_valid的父级查找到serializers
# 找到该文件下的to_internal_value方法
# 走完后走run_validation功能