this is a words file.
words words to be
, , , , , , , , , ,
beginning linux programming 4th edition this is a line containing pattern
,.<>?;';;;' [] {= = \ \ \| -__!@#$%^&*() !@#$$%%^&*(()*&%@(#$%)) www.regexper.com
www.google.com
www.baidu.com
www.redhat.com
我们的测试文件名字叫 n，如上所示，共13行。
grep按行检索，按行输出。
1， 搜索特定模式的行
[lizhen@dhcp-- shell]$ grep words n
this is a words file.
words words to be
[lizhen@dhcp-- shell]$
2，单个grep命令可以对多个文件进行检索
[lizhen@dhcp-- shell]$ grep words n n1 n2
n:this is a words file.
n:words words to be
n1:this is a words file.
n1:words words to be
n2:this is a words file.
n2:words words to be
[lizhen@dhcp-- shell]$
3，使用正则表达式，添加-E选项，或者直接egrep (在terminal下可以看到这些被匹配的部分 是被红色 特殊显示的，这里显示的是被匹配到的 行)
[lizhen@dhcp-- shell]$ egrep "[a-o]+" n
this is a words file.
words words to be
beginning linux programming 4th edition
this is a line containing pattern
www.regexper.com
www.google.com
www.baidu.com
www.redhat.com
[lizhen@dhcp-- shell]$
4，只输出文件中匹配到的文本部分呢，使用-o
[lizhen@dhcp-- shell]$ grep words n
this is a words file.
words words to be
[lizhen@dhcp-- shell]$ grep words n -o
words
words
words
[lizhen@dhcp-- shell]$
5，打印除包含match_pattern行之外的所有行，使用-v
[lizhen@dhcp-- shell]$ grep words n -v
, , , , , , , , , ,
beginning linux programming 4th edition this is a line containing pattern
,.<>?;';;;' [] {= = \ \ \| -__!@#$%^&*() !@#$$%%^&*(()*&%@(#$%)) www.regexper.com
www.google.com
www.baidu.com
www.redhat.com
[lizhen@dhcp-- shell]$
6，统计文件包含匹配字符串的行数，使用-c （-c只统计匹配到的行数，并不会统计匹配到的次数）
[lizhen@dhcp-- shell]$ grep words n -c [lizhen@dhcp-- shell]$ grep words n
this is a words file.
words words to be
[lizhen@dhcp-- shell]$
7，统计匹配到的字符串的数量，使用-o | wc -l
[lizhen@dhcp-- shell]$ grep -o words n | wc -l [lizhen@dhcp-- shell]$ grep words n
this is a words file.
words words to be
[lizhen@dhcp-- shell]$
8，打印出包含匹配字符串的行号，使用-n
[lizhen@dhcp-128-93 shell]$ grep w -n n n1
n:1:this is a words file.
n:2:words words to be
n:10:www.regexper.com
n:11:www.google.com
n:12:www.baidu.com
n:13:www.redhat.com
n1:1:this is a words file.
n1:2:words words to be
n1:10:www.regexper.com
n1:11:www.google.com
n1:12:www.baidu.com
n1:13:www.redhat.com
[lizhen@dhcp-128-93 shell]$
9 打印模式匹配所位于的字符或字节偏移，使用-b -o
[lizhen@dhcp-- shell]$ grep words n
this is a words file.
words words to be
[lizhen@dhcp-- shell]$ grep words -b -o n
:words
:words
:words
[lizhen@dhcp-- shell]$
10，搜索多个文件并找出文本位于哪一个文件中，使用-l
[lizhen@dhcp-- shell]$ grep words n n1
n:this is a words file.
n:words words to be
n1:this is a words file.
n1:words words to be
[lizhen@dhcp-- shell]$ grep words -l n n1
n
n1
[lizhen@dhcp-- shell]$
使用-L 大写的L字符，取相反的结果
[lizhen@dhcp-- shell]$ grep words n n1
n:this is a words file.
n:words words to be
n1:this is a words file.
n1:words words to be
[lizhen@dhcp-- shell]$ grep words -l n n1
n
n1
[lizhen@dhcp-- shell]$ grep words -L n n1
[lizhen@dhcp-- shell]$
11，递归搜索文件，使用-R -n （-n选项表示显示所在文件名：行号）
[lizhen@dhcp-- shell]$ grep words . -R -n
./n::this is a words file.
./n::words words to be
./n1::this is a words file.
./n1::words words to be
./n2::this is a words file.
./n2::words words to be
[lizhen@dhcp-- shell]$
12，忽略样式中的大小写，使用-i
[lizhen@dhcp-- shell]$ grep WORDS -i n
this is a words file.
words words to be
[lizhen@dhcp-- shell]$
13，使用grep匹配多个样式，使用-e
[lizhen@dhcp-128-93 shell]$ grep -e words -e www -o n
words
words
words
www
www
www
www
[lizhen@dhcp-128-93 shell]$
14，使用样式文件，利用grep逐行读取样式文件，grep会将匹配到的行输出
[lizhen@dhcp-- shell]$ grep -f f n
this is a words file.
words words to be
, , , , , , , , , , www.regexper.com
www.google.com
www.baidu.com
www.redhat.com
[lizhen@dhcp-- shell]$
15，在grep搜索中指定或排除文件
# grep "main()" . -r --include *.{c,cpp}
#grep "main()" . -r --exclude "readme"
16,grep 的静默输出，使用-q
#########################################################################
# File Name: begin.sh
# Author: lizhen
# mail: [email protected]
# Created Time: Wed May :: PM CST
#########################################################################
#!/bin/bash
if [ $# -ne ]
then
echo "usage: $0 match_text filename"
exit
fi match_text=$
filename=$
grep -q "$match_text" $filename if [ $? -eq ]
then
echo "The text exists in the file"
else
echo "text does not exist in the file"
fi echo "done!"
[lizhen@dhcp-- shell]$ ./begin.sh words n
The text exists in the file
done!
[lizhen@dhcp-- shell]$
17，打印匹配行之前或之后的行，使用-B，-A，-C选项
[lizhen@dhcp-- shell]$ grep www -B n
this is a line containing pattern
,.<>?;';;;' [] {= = \ \ \| -__!@#$%^&*() !@#$$%%^&*(()*&%@(#$%)) www.regexper.com
www.google.com
www.baidu.com
www.redhat.com
[lizhen@dhcp-- shell]$ grep www -B n www.regexper.com
www.google.com
www.baidu.com
www.redhat.com
[lizhen@dhcp-- shell]$ grep www n
www.regexper.com
www.google.com
www.baidu.com
www.redhat.com
[lizhen@dhcp-- shell]$
[lizhen@dhcp-- shell]$ grep words -A n
this is a words file.
words words to be
, , , , , , , , , ,
[lizhen@dhcp-- shell]$
[lizhen@dhcp-- shell]$ grep n [lizhen@dhcp-- shell]$ grep n -C
beginning linux programming 4th edition [lizhen@dhcp-- shell]$