好了、说了多线程,那就不得不说说多线程的sleep()、join()和yield()三个方法的区别啦
1、sleep()方法
/**
* Causes the currently executing thread to sleep (temporarily cease
* execution) for the specified number of milliseconds, subject to
* the precision and accuracy of system timers and schedulers. The thread
* does not lose ownership of any monitors.
* 意思是说:当前正在执行的线程休眠(暂时停止执行)指定的毫秒数,具体取决于系统计时器和调度程序的精度和准确性。 该线程不会失去任何监视器的所有权。
* @param millis
* the length of time to sleep in milliseconds
* 毫秒为单位
* @throws IllegalArgumentException
* if the value of {@code millis} is negative
*
* @throws InterruptedException
* if any thread has interrupted the current thread. The
* <i>interrupted status</i> of the current thread is
* cleared when this exception is thrown.
*/
public static native void sleep(long millis) throws InterruptedException;
其实主要的就是他是让其他线程走,自己进行休眠,但是自己却不会释放对象锁,也就是说,如果有同步锁的时候,其他线程不能访问共享数据。
注意该方法要捕获异常 比如有两个线程同时执行(没有Synchronized),一个线程优先级为MAX_PRIORITY,另一 个为MIN_PRIORITY,如果没有Sleep()方法,只有高优先级的线程执行完成后,低优先级 的线程才能执行;但当高优先级的线程sleep(5000)后,低优先级就有机会执行了。 总之,sleep()可以使低优先级的线程得到执行的机会,当然也可以让同优先级、高优先级的 线程有执行的机会。
2、yield() 方法
/**
* A hint to the scheduler that the current thread is willing to yield
* its current use of a processor. The scheduler is free to ignore this
* hint.
* 意思是说 提示当前线程可以让处理器忽略当前线程,去处理其他线程
* <p> Yield is a heuristic attempt to improve relative progression
* between threads that would otherwise over-utilise a CPU. Its use
* should be combined with detailed profiling and benchmarking to
* ensure that it actually has the desired effect.
* 它是一种启发式尝试,用于改善线程之间的相对进展,否则会过度利用CPU。 它的使用应与详细的分析和基准测试相结合,以确保它实际上具有所需的效果。
* <p> It is rarely appropriate to use this method. It may be useful
* for debugging or testing purposes, where it may help to reproduce
* bugs due to race conditions. It may also be useful when designing
* concurrency control constructs such as the ones in the
* {@link java.util.concurrent.locks} package.
* 使用这种方法很少是合适的。 它可能对调试或测试目的很有用,它可能有助于重现因竞争条件而产生的错误。 在设计并发控制结构(如中的那些)时,它也可能很有用
*/
public static native void yield();
yield() 这个方法从以上注释可以看出,也是一个休眠自身线程的方法,同样不会释放自身锁的标识,区别在于它是没有参数的,即yield()方 法只是使当前线程重新回到可执行状态,
所以执行yield()的线程有可能在进入到可执行状态 后马上又被执行,另外yield()方法只能使同优先级或者高优先级的线程得到执行机会,这也 和sleep()方法不同。
3、join() 方法
这个方法比较有意思,Thread的非静态方法join()让一个线程B“加入”到另外一个线程A的尾部。在A执行完毕之前, B不能工作。
/**
* Waits for this thread to die.
* 等待线程死亡
* <p> An invocation of this method behaves in exactly the same
* way as the invocation
*
* <blockquote>
* {@linkplain #join(long) join}{@code (0)}
* </blockquote>
*
* @throws InterruptedException
* if any thread has interrupted the current thread. The
* <i>interrupted status</i> of the current thread is
* cleared when this exception is thrown.
*/
public final void join() throws InterruptedException {
join(0); // 调用了有参方法
}
/**
* Waits at most {@code millis} milliseconds for this thread to
* die. A timeout of {@code 0} means to wait forever.
* 这个线程最多等多少毫秒,如果超时了,就会进行线程死锁
* <p> This implementation uses a loop of {@code this.wait} calls
* conditioned on {@code this.isAlive}. As a thread terminates the
* {@code this.notifyAll} method is invoked. It is recommended that
* applications not use {@code wait}, {@code notify}, or
* {@code notifyAll} on {@code Thread} instances.
*
* @param millis
* the time to wait in milliseconds
*
* @throws IllegalArgumentException
* if the value of {@code millis} is negative
*
* @throws InterruptedException
* if any thread has interrupted the current thread. The
* <i>interrupted status</i> of the current thread is
* cleared when this exception is thrown.
*/
public final synchronized void join(long millis)
throws InterruptedException {
保证当前线程停止执行,直到该线程所加入的线程完成为止。然而,如果它加入的线程没有存活,则当前线程不需要停止。