参考资料:
http://xxgblog.com/2016/04/02/traverse-list-thread-safe/
一些列表类及其特性
类 | 线程安全 | Iterator | 特性 | 说明 |
Vector | 是 | fail-fast | 内部方法用synchronized修饰,因此执行效率较低 | 1. 线程安全的列表类并不意味着调用它的代码就一定线程安全 2. 只有CopyOnWriteArrayList能支持在遍历时修改列表元素 |
ArrayList | 否 | fail-fast | 在多线程环境中使用不当易出错 | |
Collections.synchronizedList | 是 | fail-fast | Collections.synchronizedList可以得到线程安全的列表,与Vector类似 | |
CopyOnWriteArrayList | 是 | fail-safe | 每个线程先复制一份并把地址指向新list,在新的list上操作,因此最终结果未必符合预期,适用于经常需要读但很少修改的场景 |
以下代码模拟多线程环境下,各个类Iterator机制的表现
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Vector;
import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArrayList;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch; /**
* http://xxgblog.com/2016/04/02/traverse-list-thread-safe/
*
* @Description: 多线程操作列表
*/
public class ThreadListTest {
public void multipleThreadArrayList(final List<Integer> list) throws InterruptedException {
int count = 10;
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
list.add(i);
}
CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(2);
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
for (Integer integer : list) {
System.out.println(integer);
}
countDownLatch.countDown();
}
}).start();
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getId() + " remove " + list.remove(0));
countDownLatch.countDown();
}
}).start();
countDownLatch.await();
} public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
ThreadListTest test = new ThreadListTest();
List<Integer> list;
list = new Vector<>();// Vector只保证内部方法线程安全
list = new ArrayList<>();// ArrayList效率比Vector高,但非线程安全
list = Collections.synchronizedList(new ArrayList<>());// Collections.synchronizedList与Vector异曲同工
list = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();// CopyOnWriteArrayList线程安全:每个线程先复制一份并把地址指向新list,在新的list上操作,因此最终结果未必符合预期 test.multipleThreadArrayList(list);
System.out.println(list.toString());
}
}